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. 2016 Jan 5;54(1):57–70. doi: 10.1007/s12275-016-5555-4

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Interferon-mediated antiviral activities of Angelica tenuissima Nakai and its active components

Prasanna Weeratunga 1, Md Bashir Uddin 1,2, Myun Soo Kim 3, Byeong-Hoon Lee 1, Tae-Hwan Kim 1, Ji-Eun Yoon 4, Jin Yeul Ma 5, Hongik Kim 3, Jong-Soo Lee 1,✉
PMCID: PMC7091376  PMID: 26727903

Abstract

Angelica tenuissima Nakai is a widely used commodity in traditional medicine. Nevertheless, no study has been conducted on the antiviral and immune-modulatory properties of an aqueous extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai. In the present study, we evaluated the antiviral activities and the mechanism of action of an aqueous extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, an effective dose of Angelica tenuissima Nakai markedly inhibited the replication of Influenza A virus (PR8), Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Coxsackie virus, and Enterovirus (EV-71) on epithelial (HEK293T/HeLa) and immune (RAW264.7) cells. Such inhibition can be described by the induction of the antiviral state in cells by antiviral, IFNrelated gene induction and secretion of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, Angelica tenuissima Nakai treated BALB/c mice displayed higher survivability and lower lung viral titers when challenged with lethal doses of highly pathogenic influenza A subtypes (H1N1, H5N2, H7N3, and H9N2). We also found that Angelica tenuissima Nakai can induce the secretion of IL-6, IFN-λ, and local IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of Angelica tenuissima Nakai treated mice, which correlating with the observed prophylactic effects. In HPLC analysis, we found the presence of several compounds in the aqueous fraction and among them; we evaluated antiviral properties of ferulic acid. Therefore, an extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai and its components, including ferulic acid, play roles as immunomodulators and may be potential candidates for novel anti-viral/anti-influenza agents.

Keywords: Angelica tenuissima Nakai, ferulic acid, herbal medicine, anti-influenza effect, antiviral effect

Footnotes

These authors contributed equally to this study.

The above article by Weeratunga et al. has been retracted from Journal of Microbiology at the request of the corresponding author. The authors found that they were unable to reproduce Figure 1, Figure 3(A), Figure 4(A) and Figure 7(D) presented in this paper. All of the authors agreed to this retraction. The authors regret any inconvenience that this may cause and apologize sincerely to the readers, reviewers, and editors of Journal of Microbiology.

Change history

8/23/2018

The above article by Weeratunga et al. has been retracted from Journal of Microbiology at the request of the corresponding author. The authors found that they were unable to reproduce Figure 1, Figure 3(A), Figure 4(A) and Figure 7(D) presented in this paper. All of the authors agreed to this retraction. The authors regret any inconvenience that this may cause and apologize sincerely to the readers, reviewers, and editors of Journal of Microbiology.

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