Figure 45.

Time series of the fast-slow subsystem as m and x₀ vary. Initial conditions are [0 −5 3] for left column and [0 −5 1] for right column. r  =  0.002. A, A₁, m  =  0, x₀ = −1.6, transitions between upper and lower states occur through a fold/fold bifurcation for A; LC exists for A₁. B, B₁, m  =  2, x₀ = −1.6, only LC exists. C, C₁, $m=2,x_0=-1.7$, SLC₁ exists for C and LC for C₁. D, D₁, m  =  2, $x_0=-1.9$, transitions between upper and lower states occur through a fold/homoclinic bifurcation for D; LC exists for D₁. E, E₁, $m=0,\hspace{0.17em}{x}_0=-2.6$, only a resting state exists. F, F₁, m  =  0.5, $x_0=-1.6$, transitions between upper and lower states occur through a fold/Hopf bifurcation for F; LC exists for F₁.