Fig. 3. Effects of C1GALT1 on tumor growth and metastasis in NOD/SCID mice.

a Western blots showing stable C1GALT1 knockdown in AGS cells. b C1GALT1 knockdown decreased tumor sizes (upper panel) and weights (lower panel) in NOD/SCID mice subcutaneously injected with AGS cells (n = 5 for each group). Mice were sacrificed at day 45. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. This experiment was conducted once. c C1GALT1 knockdown decreased lung metastasis in NOD/SCID mice intravenously injected with AGS cells. Mice were sacrificed at day 52. Representative H&E staining images of paraffin-embedded lung sections are shown. Black arrowheads indicate tumor nodules. Results are shown as means ± SD. **p < 0.01. This experiment was conducted once. d C1GALT1 knockout suppressed tumor growth in a NOD/SCID mouse model. Parental and C1GALT1 knockout (KO-C1GALT1) MKN45 cells were subcutaneously injected into NOD/SCID mice. Mice (n = 5 for each group) were sacrificed at day 28. Upper panel, representative image of tumor xenografts was shown. Lower panel, the volume of tumors was measured at different time points. The dimensions of the xenografts were measured using an electronic digital caliper, and the measurements were converted to the xenograft volume (1/2 × length × width²). **p < 0.01. This experiment was conducted once. e Representative images of tumor formation in NOD/SCID mice intraperitoneally injected with parental or C1GALT1 knockout MKN45 cells. Mice were sacrificed at day 30 (n = 8 for each group). Blue arrowheads indicate tumor nodules. f Statistical results of NOD/SCID mice intraperitoneally injected with parental or C1GALT1 knockout MKN45 cells. C1GALT1 knockout significantly decreased numbers of tumor nodules (left panel) and total tumor weights (right panel). ***p < 0.001. Data are representative of two independent experiments. All statistical data were analyzed and obtained through Student’s t test.