Table 3.
Some promoters with their vectors used in plant molecular pharming to produce recombinant proteins in various host plants. Only transient or agroinfiltration transformation events are mentioned; all other events are stable transformation
| Plant host | Vector | Promoter and other parts in the expression cassette | Recombinant product/yield | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco leaves, tissue (transgenic/stable expression) | pL32, a | CaMV 35S promoter, murine heavy chain leader, HDEL | IgG antibodies (yield is variable from 0.1 to 1.4 of TSP based on extraction techniques) | [83] |
| Arabidopsis, tobacco, and petunia seeds (transgenic) | pPphas.G4 | Specific seeds β-phaseolin cassette promoter (pPphas), Ω leader, 5′UTR of tobacco mosaic virus; attR1, attR2, attL1, attL2, Gateway recombination site | GAD (65 kDa), murine anti-inflammatory cytokine-IL-10 and proinsulin/yield in Arabidopsis: GAD: 7.7 % of TSP, IL-10: 0.70 % of TSP, proinsulin: 0.007 % of TSP | [19, 81] |
| Barley seeds (transgenic) | Pb22g1-12 | Hordein promoter (0.42 kb) | Human hematopoietic growth factor Fit3 ligand/12 mg of protein per kg of seeds | [74] |
| Algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast (transgenic) | p322 | Chloroplast rbcL promoter, 5′UTR of hGAD65 and 3′UTR of rbcL and 5.7 kb inverted repeat region of C. reinhardtii chloroplast DNA | hGAD65, accumulation to 0.25–2.3 % of TSP | [13] |
| Rice cell suspension (transgenic) | Gateway pAAmy3-mGM-CSF | Promoter of the α-amy3 amylase gene, signal peptide sequence | mGM-CSF/24.6 mg/L | [76] |
| Soybean seeds (transgenic) | pbcong3 | α′ subunit of β-conglycinin seed-specific promoter and an α-Coixin signal peptide from Coix lacryma jobi fused to the hFIX gene | 56 kDa hFIX/0.23 % of TSP (0.8 g in 1 kg seed) | [125] |
| Carrot leaves and taproots (transgenic) | pCBV16 vector | 35S and root-specific Mll promoter, targeting signal of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia calreticulin apoplast | Human interferon-α2b/up to 50.7 × 103 IU/g FW; accumulated in carrot plants for young leaves for taproot-expressing system/up to 16.5 × 103 IU/g FW | [126] |
| Tobacco leaves (transient) | pBIN19 tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) | 35S promoter (CaMV-P) (CaMV-T), terminator CaMV-P, 5′ and 3′ non-translated regions of Cowpea mosaic virus RNA-2, P19 gene-silencing suppressor. Actin2 or Hsp81.1 promoters. RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; movement protein; NLS signal | HPV-8 L1 and its truncated L1△C22 (lack of 22 C-terminal amino acids)/fourfold (60 and 240 mg/kg infiltrated leaves) | [107] |
| Transgenic tobacco leaves (transgenic) | Binary Gateway pK7WG2 | 35S promoter; pA35S: CaMV 35S 3′ terminator; for mutated form, maize α-zein SP in 5′; KDEL, endoplasmic reticulum retention signal | 65-kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65, GAD65mut, and GAD67/65mut). Inactive mutated form was produce with 10-fold higher yield than the active form (2.2 % of TSP) | [100] |
| Rice suspension culture (transgenic) | pCAMBIA3300 | Double 35S promoter, (amylase RNAi: self-complementary ‘hairpin’ RNA (ihpRNA) of Ramy3D [sense sequence (tigger1), first intron of Ramy3D, linker and anti-sense sequence (trigger2)]. 3′UTR | Reduction to 22 % of amylase accumulation and increase of hGM-CSF to 1.9-fold | [104] |
5′UTR 5′-untranslated region, CaMV cauliflower mosaic virus, FW fresh weight, GAD glutamic acid decarboxylase, HDEL His-Asp-Glu-Leu, hGAD65 human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, hFIX human coagulation factor IX, hGM-CSF human granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, HPV-8 human papillomavirus-8, IL-10 interleukin-10, KDEL Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu, mGM-CSF mouse granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, NLS nuclear localization signal, RNAi RNA interference, SP storage protein, TSP total soluble protein