Skip to main content
Springer Nature - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Springer Nature - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 1979;100(1):113–124. doi: 10.1007/BF01276305

Stomata and plasmodesmata

C M Willmer 1,, R Sexton 1
PMCID: PMC7101675

Summary

In developing epidermal tissue ofPhaseolus vulgare L. complete plasmodesmatal connections occurred between guard cells and epidermal cells and between sister guard cells of a stoma but they were not seen in fully differentiated tissue. However, incomplete, aborted plasmodesmata were occasionally seen in the common guard/epidermal cell wall, usually connected to the epidermal cell protoplast, in mature tissue. Plasmodesmatal connections between neighbouring epidermal cells were commonly observed in tissue at all stages of development. In all locations, the plasmodesmata were usually unbranched occurring singly or in small pit fields; very rarely branched, incomplete plasmodesmata were also seen in the wall between mature guard and epidermal cells. The significance of these findings were related to stomatal functioning and to the development of plasmodesmata in general.

Keywords: Phaseolus vulgare, Plasmodesmata, Stomata

References

  1. Allaway W. G., Setterfield G. Ultrastructural observations on guard cells ofVicia faba andAllium porrum. Can. J. Bot. 1972;50:1405–1413. [Google Scholar]
  2. Bowling D. J. F. Malate-switch hypothesis to explain the action of stomata. Nature. 1976;262:393–394. [Google Scholar]
  3. Brown W. V., Johnson C. Sr. The fine structure of the grass guard cell. Amer. J. Bot. 1962;49:110–115. [Google Scholar]
  4. Carr, D. J., 1976: Plasmodesmata in growth and development. In: Intercellular communication in plants: Studies on plasmodesmata (Gunning, B. E. S.,Robards, A. W., eds.), pp. 268–269.
  5. Dittrich P., Raschke K. Malate metabolism in isolated epidermes ofCommelina communis L. in relation to stomatal functioning. Planta. 1977;134:76–82. doi: 10.1007/BF00390098. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Esau K. Inclusions in guard cells of tobacco affected with mosaic. Hilgardia. 1941;13:427–430. [Google Scholar]
  7. Franke W. Dienen Ektodesmen als Transportbahnen bei Stoffaufnahme und Stoffabgabe der Blätter? Umschau. 1962;62:501–504. [Google Scholar]
  8. Franke W. Ektodesmenstudien. I. Mitt.: Über pilzförmig erscheinende Ektodesmen. Kritische Abhandlung über das Wesen der Ektodesmen. Planta. 1962;59:222–238. [Google Scholar]
  9. Fujino M., Jinno N. The fine structure of the guard cell ofCommelina communis L. Sci. Bull., Fac. Educ. Nagasake Univ. 1972;23:101–111. [Google Scholar]
  10. Galatis B. Differentiation of stomatal meristemoids and guard cell mother cells into guard-like cells inVigna sinensis leaves after colchicine treatment. An ultrastructural and experimental approach. Plant. 1977;136:103–114. doi: 10.1007/BF00396185. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gardiner W., Hill A. W. The histology of the cell wall with special reference to the mode of connection of cells. I. The distribution and character of “connecting threads” in the tissues ofPinus sylvestris and other allied species. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., Ser. B, Biol. Sci. 1901;194:83–125. [Google Scholar]
  12. Inamdar J. A., Patel K. S., Patel R. C. Studies on plasmodesmata in the trichomes and leaf epidermis of someAsclepiadaceae. Ann. Bot. 1973;37:657–660. [Google Scholar]
  13. Kaufman P. B., Petering L. B., Yocum C. S., Baic D. Ultrastructural development of cork-silica cell pairs inAvena internodal epidermis. Amer. J. Bot. 1970;57:33–49. [Google Scholar]
  14. Kienitz-Gerloff F. Die Protoplasmaverbindungen zwischen benachbarten Gewebselementen in der Pflanze. Bot. Ztg. 1891;49:1–10. [Google Scholar]
  15. Kienitz-Gerloff F. Neue Studien über Plasmodesmen. Deut. Bot. Ges. Ber. 1902;20:93–117. [Google Scholar]
  16. Kohl F. G. Die Protoplasmaverbindungen der Spaltöffnungsschließzellen und der Moosblätter. Bot. Centbl. 1897;72:257–265. [Google Scholar]
  17. Kuhla F. Die Plasmaverbindungen beiViscum album. Bot. Ztg. 1900;58:29–58. [Google Scholar]
  18. Litz R. E., Kimmins W. C. Plasmodesmata between guard cells and accessory cells. Can. J. Bot. 1968;46:1603. [Google Scholar]
  19. Meidner H., Willmer C. M. Mechanics and metabolism of guard cells. Curr. Advs. Plants Sci. 1975;17:1–15. [Google Scholar]
  20. Miroslavov E. A. Electron microscopic studies of stomata of the leaf of ryeSecale cereale L. Bot. Zh. 1966;51:446–449. [Google Scholar]
  21. Palevitz B. A., Hepler P. K. The control of the plane of division during stomatal differentiation inAllium. Chromosoma. 1974;46:297–326. [Google Scholar]
  22. Palevitz B. A., Hepler P. K. Cellulose microfibril orientation and cell shaping in developing guard cells ofAllium: the role of microtubules and ion accumulation. Planta. 1976;132:71–93. doi: 10.1007/BF00390333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Pallas J. E., Jr., Mollenhauer H. H. Physiological implications ofVicia faba andNicotiana tobacum guard cell ultrastructure. Amer. J. Bot. 1972;59:504–514. [Google Scholar]
  24. Pallas J. E., Jr., Mollenhauer H. H. Electron microscopic evidence for plasmodesmata in dicotyledonous guard cells. Sci. 1972;175:1275–1276. doi: 10.1126/science.175.4027.1275. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Raschke K., Dittrich P. (14C) Carbon-dioxide fixation by isolated leaf epidermis with stomata closed or open. Planta. 1977;134:69–75. doi: 10.1007/BF00390097. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Reynolds E. S. The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 1963;17:208–212. doi: 10.1083/jcb.17.1.208. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Robards, A. W., 1976: Plasmodesmata in higher plants. In: Intercellular communication in plants: studies on plasmodesmata (Gunning, B. E. S.,Robards, A. W., eds.), p. 18.
  28. Rutter, J. C.,Willmer, C. M., 1979: A light and electron microscopy study of the epidermis ofPaphiopedilum spp. with emphasis on stomatal ultrastructure. Plant, Cell and Environment (in press).
  29. Sanchez S. M. The fine structure of the guard cells ofHelianthus annuus. Amer. J. Bot. 1977;64:814–824. [Google Scholar]
  30. Schumacher W. Über plasmodesmenartige Strukturen in Epidermisaußenwänden. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 1942;90:530–545. [Google Scholar]
  31. Schwendener S. Bau und Mechanik der Spaltöffnungen. Berlin: Ber. Akad. Wiss.; 1881. pp. 833–867. [Google Scholar]
  32. Sheffield F. L. M. The role of plasmodesms in the translocation of virus. Ann. Appl. Biol. 1936;23:506. [Google Scholar]
  33. Sievers A. Untersuchungen über die Darstellbarkeit der Ektodesmen und ihre Beeinflussung durch physikalische Faktoren. Flora. 1959;147:263–316. [Google Scholar]
  34. Singh A. P., Srivastava L. M. The fine structure of pea stomata. Protoplasma. 1973;76:61–82. [Google Scholar]
  35. Srivastava L. M., Singh A. P. Stomatal structure in corn leaves. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 1972;39:345–363. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5320(72)90028-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Thomson W. W., de Journett R. Studies on the ultrastructure of the guard cells ofOpuntia. Amer. J. Bot. 1970;57:309–316. [Google Scholar]
  37. Vela A., Lee P. E. Infection of leaf epidermis by wheat striate mosaic virus. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 1975;52:227–234. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5320(75)80114-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Zee S.-Y., O'Brien T. P. Studies on the ontogeny of the pigment strand in the caryopsis of wheat. Aust. J. biol. Sci. 1970;23:1153–1171. [Google Scholar]
  39. Ziegler H., Shmueli E., Lange G. Structure and function of the stomata ofZea mays. 1. Development. Cytobiol. 1974;9:162–168. [Google Scholar]

Articles from Protoplasma are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES