Zusammenfassung
Das akute Lungenversagen (ARDS = “Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome”) ist ein klinisches Syndrom rasch progressiver respiratorischer Insuffizienz auf dem Boden einer schweren Permeabilitätsstörung der Lunge. Auslösend sind meist systemische Noxe (z. B. Sepsis, Polytrauma), seltener pulmonale Schädigungen (z. B. Pneumonie) oder Intoxikationen. In vielschichtigen, interaktiven Pathomechanismen (wie Komplement-Aktivierung, Stimulation des Arachidonsäure-Stoffwechsels) mit Freisetzung zahlreicher Mediatoren spielt die massive Kumulation neutrophiler Granulocyten in der Lunge eine bedeutende Rolle.
Schlüsselwörter: Akutes Lungenversagen (ARDS), Pulmonale Granulocytose, Pathomechanismen, Intensivmedizin
Summary
The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome with acute progressive lung function deterioration based on increased pulmonary permeability and caused mostly by non-pulmonary lesions (like sepsis or polytrauma), occasionally also by pulmonary diseases (like pneumonia) or intoxications (e.g. by paraquat). In the complex, interactive pathomechanisms (e.g. complement activation, stimulation of the arachidon metabolism) with release of numerous damaging mediators the massive accumulation of neutrophils in the lung plays an important role.
Key words: Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Pulmonary granulocytosis, Pathomechanisms, Intensive care medicine
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