Table 3.

Corticosteroid use and presence of mood and/or anxiety disorders by physical quality of life

	Mood and/or anxiety disorders
	low physical quality of life (n = 41,796)						high physical quality of life (n = 41,796)
	number	present	crude model		adjusted modela		numberpresent		crude model		adjusted modela
			OR	95% CI	OR	95%CI			OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Nonusers	36,011	4,740 (13.2)	Ref.		Ref.		38,580	3,324 (8.6)	Ref.		Ref.
Overall
users	5,785	906 (15.7)	1.23	1.13–1.32***	1.15	1.06–1.24**	3,216	331 (10.3)	1.22	1.08–1.37**	1.20	1.06–1.36**
Route
Local	5,444	858 (15.8)	1.23	1.14–1.34***	1.16	1.06–1.26***	3,164	329 (10.4)	1.23	1.09–1.39***	1.21	1.07–1.37**
Systemic	341	48 (14.1)	1.08	0.80, 1.47	0.98	0.71–1.35	52	2 (3.8)	0.42	0.10–1.74	0.47	0.11–1.94
Single type
Systemic	238	35 (14.7)	1.14	0.79–1.63	1.07	0.73–1.56	42	2 (4.8)	0.53	0.13–2.20	0.55	0.13–2.30
Inhaled	2,248	372 (16.5)	1.31	1.17–1.47***	1.15	1.01–1.29**	1,000	118 (11.8)	1.42	1.17–1.73***	1.32	1.08–1.62**
Nasal	1,212	191 (15.8)	1.23	1.05–1.45**	1.23	1.04–1.45**	930	90 (9.7)	1.14	0.91–1.42	1.12	0.89–1.41
Dermal	882	126 (14.3)	1.10	0.91–1.33	1.11	0.91–1.36	738	68 (9.2)	1.08	0.84–1.39	1.17	0.91–1.52
Others	170	26 (15.3)	1.19	0.78–1.81	1.18	0.76–1.83	93	8 (8.6)	1.00	0.48–2.06	0.92	0.43–1.96

^*p > 0.050

^**p > 0.010

^***p > 0.001. The group of non-corticosteroid users is taken as reference. Mood and anxiety disorders are combined together due to otherwise small number of cases in users.

^aThe analyses are adjusted for age, sex, educational attainment, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, cardiovascular diseases, and use of psychotropic drugs.