Skip to main content
PMC home page
Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 1998 Jan 5;55(1):247–257. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1135(96)01325-9

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) interaction with Haemophilus parasuis

Gloria I Solano a, Joaquim Segalés b, James E Collins c, Thomas W Molitor a, Carlos Pijoan a,∗
PMCID: PMC7117440  PMID: 9220620

Abstract

The interaction of bacteria and virus has been well demonstrated in the pathogenesis of respiratory disease in swine. The interaction between porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSv) and Haemophilus parasuis has not been studied. We initiated studies to evaluate a possible effect of the PRRSv on the pathogenesis of polyserositis caused by H. parasuis. A group of 30 three week old piglets were distributed in 4 groups. Group I (10 pigs) was inoculated with PRRSv and H. parasuis. Group II (10 pigs) was inoculated with H. parasuis alone. Group III (5 pigs) was inoculated with virus alone and group IV (5 pigs) was inoculated with culture media. Lesions consisted of a severe fibrinous polyserositis affecting 7 of 10 animals in group II and a mild fibrinous pleuritis in 1 of 10 animals of group I. Three of ten animals dually infected with the two agents died during the course of the study. These animals had pulmonary congestion and focal lung hemorrhages. No other animals died from other groups. Group III and IV had no macroscopic lesions. Microscopically group III had interstitial pneumonia. Immunomodulating virus effect may explain the differences in terms of lesions severity between groups I and II. Septic shock was suspected as cause of sudden death.

Keywords: PRRSv, H. parasuis, Interaction, Polyserositis, Pneumonia, Immunomodulation, Septic shock

References

  1. Benfield D.A., Collins J.E., Jenny A.L., Loula T.J. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. In: Leman A.D., Straw B.E., Mengeling W.L., D'Allaire S., Taylor D.J., editors. Diseases of Swine. Iowa State University Press; Ames: 1992. pp. 756–762. [Google Scholar]
  2. Brun A., Chayerre C., Vaganay A., Reynaud G. PRRS: Role of togavirus and other infectious agents in the respiratory disease of pigs. Proc. Int. Pig Vet. Soc. Congress; Bangkok, Thailand; 1994. p. 52. [Google Scholar]
  3. Christianson W.T., Joo H.S. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: A review. Swine Health Prod. 1994;2:10–28. [Google Scholar]
  4. Collins J.E., Benfield D.A., Christianson W.T., Harris L., Gorcyca D.E., Chaldek D.W., Morrison R.B. MN Swine Conference for Veterinarians. 1991. Swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (mystery swine disease) pp. 200–205. [Google Scholar]
  5. Collins J.E. Newly recognized respiratory syndrome in North American Swine herds. Am. Assoc. Swine Pract. News. 1991;3:7–11. [Google Scholar]
  6. Collins J.E., Benfield D.A., Christianson W.T., Harris L., Hennings J.C., Shaw D.P., Goyal S.M., McCullogh S., Morrison R.B., Joo H.S., Gorcyca D., Chladek D. Isolation of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332) in North America and experimental reproduction of the disease in gnotobiotic pigs. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1992;4:117–126. doi: 10.1177/104063879200400201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Done S., Lanza I., Paton D., Brown J., Higgins D. Comparative pathology of viral respiratory infections in pigs. Am. Assoc. Swine Pract. News. 1992;4:25. [Google Scholar]
  8. Done S.H., Paton D.J. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: Clinical disease, pathology and inmmnosuppression. Vet. Rec. 1995;136:32–35. doi: 10.1136/vr.136.2.32. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Galina L., Pijoan C., Sitjar M., Christianson W., Rossow K., Collins J. Interaction between Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and PRRS virus in specific pathogen free piglets. Vet. Rec. 1994;134:60–64. doi: 10.1136/vr.134.3.60. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Galina L., Molitor T., Pijoan C. Effect of PRRS virus on the clearance of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 by pig alveolar macrophages. Proc. Int. Pig Vet. Soc. Congress; Bangkok, Thailand; 1994. p. 142. [Google Scholar]
  11. Galina L. Possible mcchanisms of viral-bactcrial interaction in swine. Swine Health Prod. 1995;3(1):9–14. [Google Scholar]
  12. Hayatdavoudi G., Grapo J.D., Miller F.J., O'Neil J.J. Factors determining degree of inflation in intratracheally fixed rat lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. 1980;48:389–393. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1980.48.2.389. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kerkaert B., Pijoan C., Dial G. Financial impact of chronic PRRS. Proc. Al. D. Leman Conf.; St. Paul, MN; 1994. pp. 213–214. [Google Scholar]
  14. Little T.W.A. Haemophilus infection in pigs. Vet. Rec. 1970;87:399–402. doi: 10.1136/vr.87.14.399. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Menard J., Moore C. Epidemiology and management of Glässer's disease in SPF herds. Proc. Am. Assoc. Swine Pract.; Denver, CO; 1990. pp. 187–200. [Google Scholar]
  16. Molitor T., Leitner G., Choi C., Rishdal J., Rossow K., Collins J. Modulation of host immune response by SIRS virus. Am. Assoc. Swine Pract. News. 1992;4:27–28. [Google Scholar]
  17. Molitor T. Immune responses to PRRS virus. Proc. Al. D. Leman Conf.; St. Paul, MN; 1993. pp. 49–50. [Google Scholar]
  18. Morikoshi T., Kobayashi K., Kamino T., Owaki S., Hayashi S., Hirano S. Characterization of Haemophilus parasuis isolated in Japan. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci. 1990;52(3):667–669. doi: 10.1292/jvms1939.52.667. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Morozumi T., Nicolet J. Morphological variations of Haemophilus parasuis strains. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1986;1:138–142. doi: 10.1128/jcm.23.1.138-142.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nielsen R., Danielson V. An outbreak of Glässer's disease. Studies on etiology, serology and the effect of vaccination. Nord. Vet. Med. 1975;27:20–25. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ohlinger V., Haas B., Sallmuller A., Beyer J., Teuffert J., Visser N., Weiland F. In vivo and in vitro studies on the immunobiology of PRRS. Am. Assoc. Swine Pract. News. 1992;4:24. [Google Scholar]
  22. Pijoan C., Solano G., Segales J. PRRS virus and secondary disease. Proc. Al. D. Leman Conf.; St. Paul, MN; 1994. pp. 225–226. [Google Scholar]
  23. Rapp-Gabrielson V.J., Gabrielson D.A. Prevalence of Haemophilus parasuis serovars among isolates from swine. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1992;53(5):659–664. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Rossow K.D., Bautista E.M., Goyal S.M., Molitor T., Murtaugh M., Morrison R., Benfield D.A., Collins J.E. Experimental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in one, four and 10 week old pigs. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1994;6:3–12. doi: 10.1177/104063879400600102. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Rossow K., Collins J., Goyal S.M., Nelson F., Hennings J.C., Benfield D.A. Pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in gnotobiotic pigs. Vet. Pathol. 1995;32:361–373. doi: 10.1177/030098589503200404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Vahle J.L., Androws J.J., Haynes J.S. Experimental reproduction of Haemophilus parasuis in swine: Clinical, bacteriological and morphologic findings. Proc. Annu. Meeting Am. Assoc. Vet. Lab. Diagn.; Grand Rapids, MN; 1994. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Van Rieth K., Koycu A., Pensaert M. Clinical effects of dual infections with PRRS virus, PRC virus and swine influenza virus. Proc. Int. Pig Vet. Soc. Congress; Bangkok, Thailand; 1994. p. 51. [Google Scholar]
  28. Wensvoort G. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. Proc. Int. Pig Vet. Soc. Congress; Bangkok, Thailand; 1995. p. 12. [Google Scholar]
  29. Wiseman B., Molitor T., White M., Morrison B., Dial G. Health and immunological aspects of early weaning. Proc. Am. Assoc. Swine Practicioners; Chicago, IL; 1994. pp. 191–193. [Google Scholar]
  30. Yoon D., Joo H.S., Christianson W.T., Kim H.S., Collins J.E., Morrison R.B., Dial G. An indirect fluorescent antibody test for the detection of antibody to swine infertility and respiratory syndrome virus in swine sera. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1992;4:144–147. doi: 10.1177/104063879200400205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Veterinary Microbiology are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES