Skip to main content
Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 2009 Dec 17;73:S26–S32. doi: 10.1016/S0165-5876(09)70006-0

Ear, nose and throat manifestation of viral systemic infections in pediatric patients

N Mansi a,*, V de Maio a, A della Volpe a, G Ripa a, L Malafronte a, C de Filippis b
PMCID: PMC7119457  PMID: 20114152

Abstract

Objective/Methods

An exhaustive review of literature was performed to investigate available data and evidences regarding pediatric otolaryngologic manifestations of viral systemic infections.

Results/Conclusions

Modern otolaryngologists should be familiar with viral systemic infections since many have head and neck manifestations. Cooperation between otolaryngologist, paediatrician and virologist can be considered and excellent tool in diagnosis and treatment of these diseases in particular when complications occur.

Keywords: Viral diseases, Viral deafness, ENT complications

References

  • 1.Hopp R. Evaluation of recurrent respiratory tract infection in children. Curr Probl Paediatr. 1996;26:148–158. doi: 10.1016/s0045-9380(96)80002-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.ACMG statement Genetic evaluation guidelines for the etiologic diagnosis of congenital hearing loss. Genet Med. 2002;4:162–171. doi: 10.1097/00125817-200205000-00011. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Cuda D, Murri A. Quaderni Monografici di Aggiornamento AOICO. Legma Napoli. 2005:96–106. [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Tauriainen S, Oikarinen S, Taimen K, Laranne J, Sipilä M, Lönnrot M, Ilonen J, Simell O, Knip M, Hyöty H. Temporal relationship between human parechovirus 1 infection and otitis media in young children. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:35–40. doi: 10.1086/588677. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Cotter CS, Singleton GT, Corman LC. Immune-mediated inner ear desease and parvovirus B19. Laryngoscope. 1994;104:1235–1239. doi: 10.1288/00005537-199410000-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.del Bo M., Giaccai F., Grisanti G. Manuale di Audiologia. 3rd ed. Masson; 1995. [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Lindsay JR, Hemenway WG. The patology of ribella deafness. J Laryng Otol. 1954;68:461–464. doi: 10.1017/s0022215100049872. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Brook I, Gober AE. Concurrent influenza A and group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2008;117:310–312. doi: 10.1177/000348940811700412. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Samileh N, Ahmad S, Mohammad F, Framarz M, Azardokht T, Jomeht E. Role of cytomegalovirus in sensorineural hearing loss of children: a case-control study Tehran, Iran. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;72:203–208. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.10.009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Serafini I, Chiesa F. Papillomatosi Laringea. In: Saetti R, Serafini I, Villari G, editors. Laserchirurgia in Otorinolaringoiatria. Gruppo Formenti Milano; 1995. pp. 343–352. [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Boppana SB, Pass RF, Britt WJ, Stagno S, Alford CA. Syntomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection: neonatal morbilità and mortalità. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1992;11:93–99. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199202000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Roy A, Schneller SW, Keith KA, Hartline CB, Kern ER. The 4′,4′-difluoro analog of 5′-noraristeromycin: a new structural prototype for possible antiviral drug development toward orthopoxvirus and cytomegalovirus. Bioorg Med Chem. 2005;13:4443–4449. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.044. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Wellman MB, Sommer DD, McKenna J. Sensorineural hearing loss in post-meningitic children. Otol Neurotol. 2003;24:907–912. doi: 10.1097/00129492-200311000-00015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Tantawy AZ, Sobhy O, Al-Farargy M, Shafik M. Studying the etiology of deafness in the “deaf” schools of Alexandria. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 1998;73:125–136. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Rossi G. Trattato di Otorinolaringoiatria. Minerva Medica; 2004. [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Wassilew SW. Varicella-zoster virus infections. 1: Chickenpox and shingles. Treatment and prevention. MMW Fortschr Med. 2006;Spec no. 1:1–5. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Worrall G. Croup. Can Fam Physician. 2008;54:573–574. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Chiu CY, Urisman A, Greenhow TL, Rouskin S, Yagi S, Schnurr D, Wright C, Drew WL, Wang D, Weintrub PS, Derisi JL, Ganem D. Utility of DNA microarrays for detection of viruses in acute respiratory tract infections in children. J Pediatr. 2008;153:76–83. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.12.035. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Hon KL, Leung E, Hung E, Tang J, Chow CM, Leung TF, Cheung KL, Ng PC. Premorbid factors and outcome associated with respiratory virus infections in a pediatric intensive care unit. Premorbid factors and outcome associated with respiratory virus infections in a pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008;43:275–280. doi: 10.1002/ppul.20768. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Hydén D, Akerlind B, Peebo M. Inner ear and facial nerve complications of acute otitis media with focus on bacteriology and virology. Acta Otolaryngol. 2006;126:460–466. doi: 10.1080/00016480500401043. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Ralli G. Malattie delle tonsille palatine e loro trattamento. Ed. Limiti E, 2004.
  • 22.Alper CM, Doyle WJ, Winther B, Hendley JO. Upper respiratory virus detection without parent-reported illness in children is virus-specific. J Clin Virol. 2008;43:120–122. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.04.008. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Duse M, Bondioni MP, Ugazio AG. Le basi patogenetiche delle infezioni respiratorie ricorrenti. Il bambino con infezioni ricorrenti. Masson, 2003.
  • 24.Russi EW. Inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airways. Epidemiology and pathophysiology. Ther Umsch. 2008;65:133–136. doi: 10.1024/0040-5930.65.3.133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Ryan T, Brewer M, Small L. Over-the-counter cough and cold medication use in young children. Pediatr Nurs. 2008;34:174–180. 184. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Di Lorenzo A. Rinofaringite Acute. World Therapy 20075, no. 8.
  • 27.Di Marco R, Giordano C, Mazzaglia G, Nicoletti G, Paolii I, Rossi A. Infezioni delle alte vie respiratorie, faringotonsilliti e rinosinusiti acute e croniche. GIMMOC Quaderni Microbiol Med Gen. 2005;9:1–14. [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Esposito S, Droghetti R, Bosis S, Principi N. Etiologia delle faringo-tonsilliti: nuovi dati interessanti. Novità faringo-tonsilliti. UTET Torino, 2003.
  • 29.Hanna BC, McMullan R, Gallagher G, Hedderwick S. The epidemiology of peritonsillar abscess disease in Northern Ireland. J Infect. 2006;52:247–253. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.07.002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 30.Sarah SL, Larry K Pickering, Charles G. Prober. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 2nd ed. Churchill Livigstone; 2003. [Google Scholar]
  • 31.Arkema JM, Meijer A, Paget WJ, van Casteren V, Hungnes O, Mazick A, Van der Velden J. The influenza season has started in a number of European countries. Euro Surveill. 2008;13:8021. 24;pii: [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 32.Mackay IM. Human rhinoviruses: The cold wars resume. J Clin Virol. 2008;42:297–320. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.04.002. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 67.Abramson AL, Shikowitz MJ, Mullooly VM, Steinberg BM, Hyman RB. Variable light-dose effect on photodynamic therapy for laryngeal papillomas. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;120:852–855. doi: 10.1001/archotol.1994.01880320054012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 68.Bergler W, Honig M, Gotte K, Petroianu G, Hormann K. Treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with argon plasma coagulation. J Laryngol Otol. 1997;111:381–384. doi: 10.1017/s0022215100137387. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 69.Carney S, Psaltis A. Radiofrequency coblation for the treatment of laryngotracheal papillomas. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;131:137. [Google Scholar]
  • 70.Ossoff RH, Werkhaven JA, Dere H. Soft-tissue complications of laser surgery for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Laryngoscope. 1991;101:1162–1166. doi: 10.1288/00005537-199111000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 71.Schraff S, Derkay CS, Burke B, Lawson L. American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology Members' experience with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and the use of adjuvant therapy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130:1039–1042. doi: 10.1001/archotol.130.9.1039. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 72.Endres DR, Bauman NM, Burke D, Smith RJ. Acyclovir in the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. A Pilot Study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1994;103:301–305. doi: 10.1177/000348949410300407. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 73.Coll DA, Rosen CA, Auborn K, Potsic Wp, Bradlow HL. Treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with indole-3-carbinol. Am J Otolaryngol. 1997;18:283–285. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0709(97)90012-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 74.Alberts DS, Coulthard SW, Meyskens FL., Jr Regression of aggressive laryngeal papillomatosis with 13-Cis-Retinoic Acid (Accutane) J Biol Response Mod. 1986;5:124–128. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 75.Andrus JG, Spiegel JH, Stefanato CM, Heeren T. The histopathologic effects of cidofovir on cartilage. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;133:666–671. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.07.035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 76.Naiman An, Ceruse P, Coulombeau B, Froehlich P. Intralesional cidofovir and surgical excision for laryngeal papillomatosis. Laryngoscope. 2003;113:2174–2181. doi: 10.1097/00005537-200312000-00024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 77.Snoeck R, Wellens W, Desloovere C, Van Ranst M, Naesens L, De Clercq E, Feenstra L. Treatment of severe laryngeal papillomatosis with intralesional injections of cidofovir [(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) cytosine] J Med Virol. 1998;54:219–225. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199803)54:3<219::aid-jmv13>3.0.co;2-c. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 78.Van Valckenborgh I, Wellens W, De Boeck K, Snoeck R, De Clercq E, Feenstra L. Systemic cidofovir in papillomatosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:E62–E64. doi: 10.1086/318497. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 79.Avidano MA, Singleton GT. Adjuvant drug strategies in the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;112:197–202. doi: 10.1016/S0194-59989570236-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 80.Pashley NR. Can mumps vaccine induce remission in recurrent respiratory papilloma? Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;128:783–786. doi: 10.1001/archotol.128.7.783. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 81.World Health Organization Initiative for Vaccine Research: state of the art of new vaccines – Research & Development. World Health Organization; Geneve: 2003. [Google Scholar]
  • 82.Cheng CC, Chang LY, Shao PL, Lee PI, Chen JM, Lu CY, Lee CY, Huang LM. Clinical manifestations and quantitative analysis of virus load in Taiwanese children with Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2007;40:216–221. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 83.The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, 1995.
  • 84.Jmal A, Boussen H, Ghanem A, Abaza H, Gara S, Douik H, Harzallah L, Benna F, Ladgham A, Guemira F. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Tunisian children: retrospective epidemiological, clinical and biological study about 48 cases. Bull Cancer. 2005;92:977–981. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 85.Lee SL, Lee CY, Batniji RK, Silver S. Unilateral tonsillar lymphoepithelioma with ipsilateral parapharyngeal space involvement: a case report. Ear Nose Throat J. 2007;86:754–755. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES