Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 2002 Nov 12;19(3):215–223. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(88)90016-X

Evaluation of an immunogold electron microscopy technique for detecting bovine coronavirus

AA El-Ghorr 1, DR Snodgrass 1,∗, FMM Scott 1
PMCID: PMC7119617  PMID: 2836459

Abstract

A solid phase colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy (IGEM) technique for detecting bovine coronavirus (BCV) was developed and shown to be specific. This test was compared with three other diagnostic tests using fifteen faecal samples. Bovine coronavirus was detected in 2 samples by direct electron microscopy (DEM), in 3 samples by immunosorbent electron microscopy, in 5 samples by haemadsorption-elution-haemagglutination and in 6 samples by IGEM. Ninety four faecal samples were tested by DEM and IGEM. Of 26 samples found to contain BCV by IGEM only 14 were positive by DEM. The IGEM technique is simple, efficient and less susceptible than others to non-specific reactions.

Keywords: Bovine coronavirus; Immunogold; Electron microscopy, Diagnosis

References

  1. Bridger J.C., Woode G.N., Meyling A. Isolation of coronaviruses from neonatal calf diarrhoea in Great Britain and Denmark. Vet. Microbiol. 1978;3:101–113. [Google Scholar]
  2. Crouch C., Raybould T., Acres S. Monoclonal antibody capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of bovine enteric coronavirus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1984;19:388–393. doi: 10.1128/jcm.19.3.388-393.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Crouch C., Acres S. Prevalence of rotavirus and coronavirus antigens in the faeces of normal cows. Can. J. Comp. Med. 1984;48:340–342. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dea S., Roy R.S., Elazhary M.A.S.Y. La diarrhee neonatale due au coronavirus de veau. Une revue de la Litterature. Can. Vet. J. 1981;22:51–58. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dea S., Roy R.S., Elazhary M.A.S.Y. Antigenic variations among calf diarrhea coronavirus by immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Ann. Rech. Vet. 1982;13:351–356. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. De Mey J. Colloidal gold as marker and tracer in light and electron microscopy. EMSA Bull. 1984;14:54. [Google Scholar]
  7. Ducatalle R., Castryk F., Hoorens F. Tagging of viral antigens using immunoperoxidase and immunogold techniques. In: McNulty M., McFerran J., editors. Recent Advances in Virus Diagnosis. Martinus Nijhoff; Boston: 1984. [Google Scholar]
  8. Horisberger M. Colloidal Gold: A cytochemical marker for light and fluorescent microscopy and for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In: Johari O., editor. Vol. 2. SEM Inc; Chicago: 1981. pp. 9–31. (Scanning Electron Microscopy). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hudson L., Hay F. Blackwell; Oxford: 1980. Practical Immunology. [Google Scholar]
  10. Kjeldsberg E. Specific labelling of human rotaviruses and adenoviruses with gold IgG complexes. J. Virol. Methods. 1985;12:47–57. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(85)90007-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kjeldsberg E. Demonstration of calicivirus in human faeces by immunosorbent and immunogold-labelling electron microscopy methods. J. Virol. Methods. 1986;14:321–333. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(86)90034-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Laporte J., L'Haridon R., Babulesco P. In vitro culture of bovine enteric coronavirus (BEC) INSERM. 1979;90:99–102. [Google Scholar]
  13. McNulty M.S., Bryson D.G., Allan G.M., Logan E.F. Coronavirus infection of the respiratory tract. Vet. Microbiol. 1984;9:425–434. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(84)90063-4. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mebus C., Stair E., Rhodes M., Twiehaus M. Neonatal calf diarrhoea: propagation, attenuation and characteristics of a coronavirus-like agent. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1973;34:145–150. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Patel J., Davies H., Edington N., Laporte J., MacNaughton M. Infection of a calf with the enteric coronavirus strain Paris. Arch. Virol. 1982;73:319–327. doi: 10.1007/BF01318085. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Reynolds D.J., Chasey D., Scott A.C., Bridger J.C. Evaluation of ELISA and electron microscopy for the detection of coronavirus and rotavirus in bovine faeces. Vet. Rec. 1984;114:397–401. doi: 10.1136/vr.114.16.397. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Reynolds D.J., Morgan J.H., Chanter N., Jones P.W., Bridger J.C., Debney T.G., Bunch K.J. Microbiology of calf diarrhoea in Southern Britain. Vet. Rec. 1986;119:34–39. doi: 10.1136/vr.119.2.34. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Saif L., Redman D., Moorhead P., Theil K. Experimentally induced coronavirus infections in calves: viral replication in the respiratory and intestinal tracts. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1986;47:1426–1432. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Sato K., Inaba Y., Kurogi H., Takahashi E., Satoda K., Omori T., Matumoto M. Haemagglutination by calf diarrhea coronavirus. Vet. Microbiol. 1977;2:83–87. [Google Scholar]
  20. Shockley L.J., Kapke P.A., Lapps W., Brian D., Potgieter L.N.D., Woods R. Diagnosis of porcine and bovine coronavirus infections using cloned cDNA probes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1987;25:1591–1596. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.9.1591-1596.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Siddell S.G., Anderson R., Cavanagh D., Fujiwara K., Klenk H.D., MacNaughton M.R., Pensaert M., Stohlman S.A., Sturman L., Van der Zeijst B.A.M. Coronaviridae. Intervirol. 1983;20:181–189. doi: 10.1159/000149390. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Snodgrass D.R., Terzolo H.R., Sherwood D., Campbell I., Menzies J.D., Synge B.A. Aetiology of diarrhoea in young calves. Vet. Rec. 1986;119:31–34. doi: 10.1136/vr.119.2.31. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Stair E., Rhodes M., White R., Mebus C. Neonatal calf diarrhoea: Purification and electron microscopy of a coronavirus-like agent. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1972;33:1147–1156. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Stott E.J., Thomas L.H., Bridger J.C., Jebbett N.J. Replication of a bovine coronavirus in organ cultures of foetal trachea. Vet. Microbiol. 1976;1:65–69. [Google Scholar]
  25. Van Balken J.A.M., De Leeuw P.W., Ellens D.J., Straver P.J. Detection of coronavirus in calf faeces with a haemadsorption-elution-haemagglutination assay (HEHA) Vet. Microbiol. 1978/1979;3:205–211. [Google Scholar]
  26. Viscidi R., Laughton B., Hanvanich M., Bartelett J., Yolken R. Improved enzyme immunoassays for the detection of antigens in fecal specimens. Investigation and correction of interfering factors. J. Immunol. Methods. 1984;67:129–143. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90092-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Woode G.N., Bridger J.C., Meyling A. Significance of bovine coronavirus infection. Vet. Rec. 1978;102:15–16. doi: 10.1136/vr.102.1.15. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virological Methods are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES