Skip to main content
PMC home page
Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 2005 Jun 3;8:79–92. doi: 10.1016/S0165-5728(85)80049-7

Enhancement of encephalomyeloradiculitis in mice sensitized with spinal cord tissue and infected with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus*

William G Stroop 1,2,*, Margo A Brinton 2
PMCID: PMC7119811  PMID: 3998124

Summary

C57BR/cdJ mice develop encephalomyeloradiculitis following peripheral inoculation of the C strain of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV-C). We investigated the effect of subcutaneous administration of syngeneic spinal cord homogenate mixed with phosphate buffered saline or emulsified in complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant 1 week before or after inoculation of LDV-C on the incidence and severity of central nervous system lesions. C57BR/cdJ mice developed an acute histological allergic encephalomyelitis when given 2 weekly sensitizing injections of homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant. When peripheral inoculation of LDV-C was substituted for one of the two sensitizing injections, a higher percentage of mice developed lesions, and the lesions were more severe and persisted for much longer periods of time. This same lesion-enhancing effect was not observed if the mice were sensitized with homogenate suspended in buffer or emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Interestingly, mice sensitized with complete Freund's adjuvant alone before or after infection with LDV-C also developed intense central nervous system lesions, suggesting that the mycobacterial component of the adjuvant was the critical element in enhancing the lesions.

Key words: Central nervous system, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus

Footnotes

*

This work was supported by the medical research service of the Veterans Administration Medical Center, National Research Service Award, NS-07180 in Neurovirology and Microbiology from the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, and in part by Public Health Service Grant NS-110036.

References

  1. Alvord E.C., Jr., Shaw C.-M., Hruby S., Kies M.W. Encephalitogen-induced inhibition of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis — Prevention, suppression and therapy. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1965;122:333–345. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb20218.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barnard C.C.A., Carnegie P.R. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice — Immunologic response to mouse spinal cord and myelin basic proteins. J. Immunol. 1975;114:1537–1540. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brinton M.A. Genetically controlled resistance to flavivirus and lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus-induced disease. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 1981;92:1–14. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-68069-4_1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brinton-Darnell M., Collins J.K., Plagemann P.G.W. Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus replication, maturation and viral RNA synthesis in primary mouse macrophage cultures. Virology. 1975;65:187–195. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90019-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brown A.M., McFarlin D.E. Relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL mouse. Lab. Invest. 1981;45:278–284. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brown A.M., McFarlin D.E., Raine C.S. Chronologic neuropathology of relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the mouse. Lab. Invest. 1982;46:171–185. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Duffy P.S., Martinez D., Abrams G.D., Murphy W.H. Pathogenetic mechanisms in immune polioencephalomyelitis — Induction of disease in immunosuppressed mice. J. Immunol. 1976;116:475–481. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gery I., Gershon R.K., Waksman B.H. Potentiation of the thymocyte response to mitogens, Part 1 (The responding cell) J. Exp. Med. 1972;136:128–142. doi: 10.1084/jem.136.1.128. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gumbiner C., Paterson P.Y., Youmans G.P., Youmans A.S. Adjuvanticity of microbacterial RNA and poly A:U for induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs. J. Immunol. 1973;110:309–312. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hochberg F.H., Lehrich J.R., Aranson B.G.W. Herpes simplex infection and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Neurology. 1977;27:584–587. doi: 10.1212/wnl.27.6.584. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Killen J.A., Swanborg R.H. Autoimmune effector cells, Part 3 (Role of adjuvant and accessory cells in the in vitro induction of autoimmune encephalomyelitis) J. Immunol. 1982;129:759–763. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Larsson E.-L., Iscove N.N., Coutinho A. Two distinct factors are required for induction of T cell growth. Nature (Lond.) 1980;283:664–666. doi: 10.1038/283664a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lee J.M., Schneider H.A. Critical relationships between the constituents of the antigen-adjuvant emulsion affecting experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in a completely susceptible mouse genotype. J. Exp. Med. 1962;115:157–167. doi: 10.1084/jem.115.1.157. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Martinez D., Wolanski B., Tytell A.A., Davlin R.G. Viral etiology of age-dependent polioencephalitis in C58 mice. Infect. Immunol. 1979;23:133–139. doi: 10.1128/iai.23.1.133-139.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Massanari R.M. Acceleration of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in hamsters with antecedent virus infection. Clin. Immunol. Immunopath. 1981;19:457–462. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(81)90089-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Massanari R.M., Paterson P.Y., Lipton H.L. Potentiation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in hamsters with persistent encephalitis due to measles virus. J. Infect. Dis. 1979;139:297–303. doi: 10.1093/infdis/139.3.297. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Murphy W.H., Tam M.R., Lansy R.L., Abell M.R., Kauffman C. Age dependence of immunologically induced central nervous system disease in C58 mice. Cancer Res. 1970;30:1612–1622. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Nawrocki J.F., Pease L.R., Murphy W.H. Etiology role of lactic dehydrogenase virus infection in age-dependent neuroparalytic disease in C58 mice. Virology. 1980;103:259–264. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90147-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Oppenheim J.J., Stadler B.N., Siraganian R.P., Mage M., Mathieson B. Vol. 41. 1982. Lymphokines — Their role in lymphocyte responses. Properties of interleukin 1; pp. 257–262. (Fed. Proc.). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Ortiz-Ortiz L., Weigle W.O. Activation of affector cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by interlukin II (I.L. II) J. Immunol. 1982;128:1545–1550. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Paterson P.Y. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis — Induction, pathogenesis and suppression. In: Meicher P.A., Muller-Eberhard H.J., editors. Textbook of Immunopathology. Grune and Stratton; Philadelphia: 1976. p. 179. [Google Scholar]
  22. Paterson P.Y. Adjuvants, cell-mediated immune responses and autoimmune diseases. J. Reticuloendothelial Soc. 1973;14:426–440. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Paterson P.Y., Drobish D.G. Adjuvanticity of a synthetic polynucleotides for induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs. J. Immunol. 1974;113:1942–1946. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Sager M.A., Lawton J.M., Murphy W.H. Serum transmissibility of immune polioencephalomyelitis in C58 mice. J. Immunol. 1973;110:219–226. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Shaw C., Alvord E.C., Jr., Fahlberg W.J., Kies M.W. Adjuvant-antigen relationships in the production of experimental ‘allergic’ encephalomyelitis in the guinea pig. J. Exp. Med. 1962;115:169–179. doi: 10.1084/jem.115.1.169. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Smith K.A., Lachman L.E., Oppenheim J.J., Favata M.F. The functional relationship of the interlukin. J. Exp. Med. 1980;151:1551–1556. doi: 10.1084/jem.151.6.1551. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Stroop W.G., Baringer J.R. Persistent slow and latent virus infections. Progr. Med. Virol. 1982;28:1–43. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Stroop W.G., Brinton M.A. Mouse strain specific central nervous system lesions associated with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus infection. Lab. Invest. 1983;49:334–345. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Swierkosz J.E., Swanborg R.H. Suppressor cell control of unresponsiveness to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 1975;115:631–633. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Swierkosz J.E., Swanborg R.H. Immunoregulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis — Conditions for induction of suppressor cells and analysis of mechanisms. J. Immunol. 1977;119:1501–1526. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Swinscow T.D.V. British Medical Association; New York: 1976. Statistics at Square One; pp. 54–57. [Google Scholar]
  32. Watanbe R., Wege H., Ter Meulen V. Adoptive transfer of EAE-like lesions from rats with coronavirus-induced demyelinating encephalomyelitis. Nature (Lond.) 1983;305:150–153. doi: 10.1038/305150a0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Welch A.M., Swanborg R.H. Characterization of suppressor cells involved in regulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Europ. J. Immunol. 1976;6:910–917. [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Neuroimmunology are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES