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. 2006;311:117–153. doi: 10.1007/3-540-32636-7_5

The Privacy of T Cell Memory to Viruses

R M Welsh 2, S K Kim 2, M Cornberg 2, S C Clute 2, L K Selin 2, Y N Naumov 2
Editors: Bali Pulendran1, Rafi Ahmed1
PMCID: PMC7122576  PMID: 17048707

Abstract

T cell responses to viral infections can mediate either protective immunity or damaging immunopathology. Viral infections induce the proliferation of T cells spe cific for viral antigens and cause a loss in the number of T cells with other specificities. In immunologically naïve hosts, viruses will induce T cell responses that, dependent on the MHC, recognize a distinct hierarchy of virus-encoded T cell epitopes. This hierarchy can change if the host has previously encountered another pathogen that elicited amemory pool of T cells specific to a cross-reactive epitope. This heterologous immunity can deviate the normal immune response and result in either beneficial or harmful effects on the host. Each host has a unique T cell repertoire caused by the random DNA rearrangement that created it, so the specific T cells that create the epitope hierarchy differ between individuals. This “private specificity” seems of little signifi-cance in the T cell responseof a naïvehost toinfection, but it is of profoundimportance under conditions of heterologous immunity, where a small subset of a cross-reactive memory pool may expand and dominate a response. Examples are given of how the private specificities of immune responses under conditions of heterologous immunity influence the pathogenesis of murine and human viral infections.

Keywords: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Cell Repertoire, Memory Pool, Heterologous Virus, Heterologous Immunity

Contributor Information

Bali Pulendran, Email: bpulend@rmy.emory.edu

Rafi Ahmed, Email: ra@microbio.emory.edu

R. M. Welsh, Email: raymond.welsh@umassmed.edu

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