Table 1.

IFN-γ Signature Cytokines/Chemokines in Dry Eye Tears

Author – Year	Study Group	Findings
Chen X et al. - 2019105	Sjögren syndrome (SS) ATD	• Significantly increased IL-12p70, IFN-γ, CXCL10 (IP-10) vs. non-SS ATD and normal control, correlated with conjunctival and corneal staining
Enriquez-de-Salamanca et al. - 2010106	Evaporative dry eye	• CXCL10 was significantly increased compared to normal control
Jackson et al. - 2016107	Dry eye	• Tear IFN-γ level > 3 fold higher in hyperosmolar group (P = 0.03). Tear IFN-γ was significantly correlated with tear osmolarity and total ocular surface dye staining.
Shetty et al. - 2016108	Dry eye	• Significantly higher levels of IFN-γ was observed in the tears of patients with compared with low serum vitamin D concentration vs. controls (P < 0.05)
Agrawal et al. - 2016109	HIV associated dry eye	• CXCL10 increased compared to dry eye without HIV infection.
Riemens et al. - 2012110	Ocular GVHD	• Following allogenic bone marrow stem cell transplant, IFN-γ increased in GVHD vs. no GVHD. Tear IFN-γ inversely correlated with tear break up time.
Meadows et al. - 2016111	4 subtypes of dry eye	• IFN-γ high in all 4 subtypes of dry eye with highest concentration in ATD that had most severe ocular surface dye staining.
Zywalewska-Gorna et al. - 2007112	SS ATD	• IFN-γ increased vs control and correlated with severity of symptoms and signs.
Zhao H et al. - 2018113	ATD	• IFN-γ higher and IL-12p70 significantly increased (P<0.05) in ATD vs control.
Yoon KC et al. - 2010114	SS ATD	• CXCL9, −10, −11 concentrations significantly increased in tears of SS vs. non-SS dry eye (P < 0.05). CXCL11 significantly correlated (P< 0.05) with keratoepitheliopathy score (positive) and goblet cell density (negative).

ATD: aqueous tear deficiency; SS: Sjögren syndrome; C-X-C-L: motif chemokine ligand