Abstract
Flos Trollii, the flowers of Trollius chinensis Bunge, has been widely used in Chinese and Mongolian medicine for its efficacy of heat-clearing and detoxification. This drug has both medicinal and edible applications, and has led to various pharmacognosy, natural product chemistry, and pharmacology studies. As a result, its chemical constituents and bioactivities have been well-characterized in recent years. Nevertheless, a couple of critical issues, such as the major effective components, are still unresolved. The present review summarizes research progress on this drug regarding the constituents and bioactivities based on investigations in these laboratories and the results reported in recent publications. In addition, the pending issues are discussed and constructive suggestions for further investigation are proposed.
Key Words: Flos Trollii, Trollius chinensis, Constituents, Bioactivities
Footnotes
Available online Sept. 2013
[Research Funding] This project was supported by NSFC (Nos. 81073018, 81274044).
These authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
References
- 1.Beijing Pharmacy Factory The pharmacological tests and clinical observations of Trollius [J] J New Med. 1973;(5):31–34. [Google Scholar]
- 2.Li LQ. Geographical distribution of Subfam Helleboroideae [J] J Syst Evol. 1995;33(6):537–555. [Google Scholar]
- 3.Chinese Academy of Sciences, Flora of China Editorial Committee . Flora of China [M] Science Press; Beijing, China: 1997. pp. 70–88. [Google Scholar]
- 4.Fan XT, Fu Q, Li FL. Actuality and expectation of research in Trollius chinensis Bge [J] J Beihua Univ (Nat Sci) 2006;7(2):131–134. [Google Scholar]
- 5.Xin CL, Pan HF, Li SZ. Orthogonal in extraction process of Trollius [J] Chin Tradit Herb Med. 2005;36(12):1818–1819. [Google Scholar]
- 6.Jiangsu New College of Medicine . Chinese Materia Medica Dictionary [M] Shanghai People's Press; Shanghai, China: 1977. pp. 1398–1399. [Google Scholar]
- 7.Zhu YM. Flora of Inner Mongolia [M] Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House; Inner Mongolia: 2000. pp. 424–425. [Google Scholar]
- 8.Wang P. Observation of Trollius granules in treating upper respiratory tract infection [J] Chin Tradit Pat Med. 1996;18(3):50. [Google Scholar]
- 9.Wang CR. Trollius granules treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in 60 cases [J] Zhejiang J Integ Trad Chin West Med. 2003;13(3):179–180. [Google Scholar]
- 10.Wang P. Observation of Trollius granules in treating urinary infection [J] Chin Tradit Pat Med. 1995;17(8):51. [Google Scholar]
- 11.Cao XM, Ren GH. Report of Trollius granules treatment of acne in 122 cases [J] Chin J Modern Med Drugs Sci Technol. 2004;4(17):174. [Google Scholar]
- 12.Zhu DL, Ding WL, Chen SL. Advance on Trollius [J] Modern Tradit Chin Med Materia Medica - World Sci Technol. 2006;8(4):26–33. [Google Scholar]
- 13.Wang H, Yu J. Observation of Trollius soup in treating chronic pharyngitis in 86 cases [J] Gansu J Tradit Chin Med. 2003;16(10):20. [Google Scholar]
- 14.Xu XQ, Xu Q, Tang J. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Trollius chinensis by response surface methodology [J] Chin J Exper Tradit Med Form. 2011;17(14):35–38. [Google Scholar]
- 15.Su LJ, Wang H, Su ZW. Constituents and pharmacological effects of Trollius [J] Foreign Med Sci. 2005;20(1):14–16. [Google Scholar]
- 16.Su LJ, Wang H, Su ZW. Constituents and pharmacological effects of Trollius [J] Foreign Med Sci. 2003;22(6):19–21. [Google Scholar]
- 17.Tang JZ, Lu XX, Chen RF. Study on the isolation of total flavonoids in the flowers of Trollius chinensis and their antioxidative activity [J] Food Sci. 2003;24(6):88–91. [Google Scholar]
- 18.Wang JP, Chen ZY. Effects of different extraction and purification techniques on total flavonoids content in Troll flower [J] J Chengde Med Coll. 2008;25(4):356–359. [Google Scholar]
- 19.Liu W, Han FM, Li LJ. Research of macroporous resin in separation and purification of total flavonoids in Trollius [J] Acta Chin Med Pharmacol. 2007;35(2):42–44. [Google Scholar]
- 20.Yan LQ, Zhu DL, Ding WL. Determination on total flavonoids content in stems and leaves of Trollius chinensis Bge. and Trollius ledebouri Rchb. at different collection periods [J] Modern Chin Med. 2008;10(9):12–13. [Google Scholar]
- 21.Wang JP, Chen ZY. Research progress of extraction purification and determination of flavonoids in Trollius [J] J Chengde Med Coll. 2009;26(1):70–73. [Google Scholar]
- 22.Su LJ, Yang SB, Su ZW. Determination on total flavonoids content in stems and leaves of Trollius chinensis at different growth stages [J] Chin Tradit Herb Med. 2005;36(5):767–768. [Google Scholar]
- 23.Yan J, Qu CH, Tian JM. The study on purifying total flavonoids in Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] J Hebei North Univ (Med Edit) 2009;26(2):20–22. [Google Scholar]
- 24.Bai YE, Xi XM, Zhao H. The isolation ability of polyamide for total flavonoids of Flos Trollii [J] Chin Hosp Pharm J. 2006;26(5):512–514. [Google Scholar]
- 25.Hou BB. Study of microwave extraction on flavonoids of golden lotus [J] Tianjin Chem Ind. 2009;23(6):22–24. [Google Scholar]
- 26.Guo CY, Zhao Q, Zhao EL. Technology research of microwave-assisted extraction in the Trollius flavonoids [J] Chin Tradit Pat Med. 2009;31(8):1302–1304. [Google Scholar]
- 27.Su ZW, Tian H, Ma YL. Research in extraction technology of total flavonoids of Trollius chinensis [J] Chin Tradit Herb Med. 2007;38(6):850–851. [Google Scholar]
- 28.Liu Z, Wang L, Li W. Determination of orientin and vitexin in Trollius chinesis preparation by HPLC [J] Chin J Chin Mat Med. 2004;29(11):1049–1051. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 29.Wang P, Liu Z, Wang L. Determination of vitexin in Flos Trollii capsules by RP-HPLC [J] J Guiyang Med Coll. 2004;29(4):333–334. [Google Scholar]
- 30.Qu CH, Han Y, Tian JM. Determination of vitexin and orientin in Trollius chinensis with HPLC [J] J Hebei North Univ. 2009;25(6):21–28. [Google Scholar]
- 31.Xin CL, Pan HF, Li SZ. Determination of total flavonoids and orientin in Trollius dew [J] Chin Tradit Herb Med. 2005;36(9):1340–1342. [Google Scholar]
- 32.Zhang YP, Jin ZX, Zhang GJ. Studies on extraction and isolation of orientin from Flos Trollii [J] J Heilongjiang Med. 2004;17(2):90–91. [Google Scholar]
- 33.Yan LQ, Zhu DL, Ding WL. A comparative study of vitexin content in Trollius chinensis [J] Chin J Chin Mat Med. 2009;34(5):628–629. [Google Scholar]
- 34.Kang SW, Yu YF, Wang P. Investigation on the constituents of Trollius chinensis [J] Chin Tradit Herb Med. 1984;15(1):7–9. [Google Scholar]
- 35.Wang RF, Yang XW, Ma CM. Trollioside, a new compound from the flowers of Trollius chinensis [J] J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2004;6(2):139–144. doi: 10.1080/1028602031000147393. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 36.Cai SQ, Wang RF, Yang XW. Antiviral flavonoid-type C-glycosides from the flowers of Trollius chinensis [J] Chem Biodivers. 2006;3(3):343–348. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.200690037. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 37.Li ZL, Li DY, Wu Y. Antibacterial constituents from the flowers of Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] J Shenyang Pharm Univ. 2008;25(8):627–629. [Google Scholar]
- 38.Wei JX, Li DY, Hua HM. Isolation and identification of chemical constituents from flowers of Trollius chinensis (II) [J] J Shenyang Pharm Univ. 2012;29(1):12–15. [Google Scholar]
- 39.Yang XY, Zhang GJ. Study on the composition of flavone C-glycosides from the 70% ethanol extraction of Flos Trollii chinensis [J] J Heilongjiang Med. 2006;19(2):93–94. [Google Scholar]
- 40.Yang JF, Zhang GJ, Zhang CH. Determination of four active compounds in different water extracts of Flos Trollii by HPLC [J] Modern Chin Med. 2009;11(4):32–34. [Google Scholar]
- 41.Yang XY, Zhang GJ. Determination of 2″-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin from Trollius chinensis [J] J Chin Med Mater. 2006;29(12):1312–1313. [Google Scholar]
- 42.Li SY. Studies on Chemical Constituents in Trollius chinensis Bunge [D] Soochow University; Jiangsu: 2008. pp. 13–15. [Google Scholar]
- 43.Liu ZY, Luo DQ. Studies on chemical constituents in Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] Chin Tradit Herb Med. 2010;41(3):370–373. [Google Scholar]
- 44.Li ZL, Li DY, Hua HM. Three new acylated flavone C-glycosides from the flowers of Trollius chinensis [J] J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2009;11(5):426–432. doi: 10.1080/10286020902877747. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 45.Li SY, Cai JN, Liu JY. Investigation on the constituents of Trollius chinensis [J] Asia-Pac Tradit Med. 2008;4(7):18–19. [Google Scholar]
- 46.Li XQ, Zhang FX, Liu HP. RP-HPLC determination of flavonoids in Flos Trollii [J] Chin J Pharm Anal. 2007;27(11):1683–1687. [Google Scholar]
- 47.Su LJ. The Study on Effective Substance and Evaluation of Quality of Trollius chinensis [D] Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin: 2005. pp. 20–23. [Google Scholar]
- 48.Xin CL, Pan HF. Research progress of Trollius chinensis [J] J Chengde Med Coll. 2003;20(4):348–350. [Google Scholar]
- 49.Yang YT, Li YL, Cen YZ. Research progress of Trollius chinensis [J] J Chin Med Mat. 2000;23(9):585–587. [Google Scholar]
- 50.Wu LX, Huang JX, Cui T. A review of the studies on elements and preparations of Flos Trolli [J] Hebei J Forestry Orchard Res. 2004;19(4):392–396. [Google Scholar]
- 51.Huang JR, Suo QL, Zhu MD. Research and application of medical Trollius [J] Inner Mong Petrochem Ind. 2006;16(7):4–5. [Google Scholar]
- 52.Lan HJ, Hou DY, Hui RH. Comparison of total flavonoid content of Flos Trollii [J] J Anshan Normal Univ. 2007–2008;9(4):47–49. [Google Scholar]
- 53.Li Z. Separation and identification of veratric acid from Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] Chin Tradit Herb Med. 1982;13(3):34. [Google Scholar]
- 54.Liu Y, Wang RF, Yuan M. HPLC assay of trollioside in flowers of Trollius chinensis [J] Chin J Exper Tradit Med Form. 2012;18(12):73–75. [Google Scholar]
- 55.Li YL, Ma SC, Yang YT. Antiviral activities of flavonoids and organic acid from Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;79(3):365–368. doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00410-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 56.Wang RF, Yang XW, Ma CM. Analysis of fatty acids from the flowers of Trollius chinensis [J] J Chin Med Mat. 2010;33(10):1579–1581. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 57.Wang RF, Yang XW, Ma CM. A bioactive alkaloid from the flowers of Trollius chinensis [J] Hetercycles. 2004;63(8):1443–1448. [Google Scholar]
- 58.Wang RF, Ma Q, Yang JF. Determination of trolline in flowers of Trollius chinensis by HPLC [J] Chin J Chin Mat Med. 2012;37(2):247–249. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 59.Zhang PM, Yang XM, Shi JG. Testing of alkaloid derived from Trollius with high performance liquid chromatography [J] J Hebei North Univ. 2008;24(1):43–45. [Google Scholar]
- 60.Wang RF, Liu RN, Zhang T. A new natural ceramide from Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] Molecules. 2010;15:7467–7471. doi: 10.3390/molecules15107467. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 61.Feng XF. Analysis of volatile oils from the Flowers of Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] Chin Tradit Herb Med. 1998;29(9):587–591. [Google Scholar]
- 62.Hung JR, Suo QL, Lang ZM. Separation and purification and spectra characterization of active components from Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] Nat Prod Res Dev. 2008;20:14–16. [Google Scholar]
- 63.Zhao XM. Supplement to Compendium of Mmateria Medica [M] People's Medical Publishing House; Beijing, China: 1963. p. 256. [Google Scholar]
- 64.Song DM, Sun QS. Advances on Trollius [J] J Shenyang Pharm Univ. 2005;22(3):231–234. [Google Scholar]
- 65.Liu DM. The extraction technology and the development in pharmacology research on Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] J Baotou Med Coll. 2009;25(2):223–225. [Google Scholar]
- 66.Bano H, Kumar I, Shamsi MA. Pharmacological investigations on vitexin [J] Planta Med. 1981;43(4):396–403. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-971532. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 67.Ye YF, Peng Y, Fu G. Research progress of medicinal Trollius [J] Modern Chin Med. 2007;9(3):29–33. [Google Scholar]
- 68.Nie B, Zhang GJ, Sun SQ. Identification study of different Flos Trollii by IR [J] J Chin Med Mater. 2006;29(4):323–326. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 69.Dou WY, Luo WR, Yang FD. Identification study of Flos Trollii from different areas by IR [J] J Gansu Coll Tradit Chin Med. 2010;27(4):67–70. [Google Scholar]
- 70.Wen YH, Lin YS, Huang H. Study on the antiviral activities of the crude extract from Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] Chin J Microbiol Immunol. 1999;19(1):21. [Google Scholar]
- 71.Zhao HW, Zhao YZ. Study on effect of ethanol extracts from Trollius chinensis Bge. on resisting influenza virus A in vitro [J] Chin Pharm. 2010;19(1):10–11. [Google Scholar]
- 72.Fu YH. Antiviral activity compositions and their mechanism of Chinese medicine herb and natural medicine [J] Pharm Bull. 1988;23(4):195–199. [Google Scholar]
- 73.Lin C, Shen WZ, Li YL. Comparison of the antibacterial effect of Trollius chinensis extracts from different solvents [J] J Jinan Univ (Med Edit) 2001;22(6):54–55. [Google Scholar]
- 74.Wang LY, Zhou YH, Li YL. Antibacterial activity of flavonol glycosides in Trollius macropetalus Fr. Schmidt and their content determination [J] Tradit Chin Drug Res Clin Pharm. 2003;14(4):252–253. [Google Scholar]
- 75.Li QF, Li YL, Feng SQ. Study on the active compositions of Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] Chin J Anal Lab. 2003;22(11):310–311. [Google Scholar]
- 76.Li QF, Feng SQ, Li YL. Study on the antibacterial and antiviral activity compositions of Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] J Zhejiang Univ (Sci Edit) 2004;31(4):412–415. [Google Scholar]
- 77.Speciality of Pharmacology and Chemistry of Chinese Medical Herbs, Peking University. Studies on the bacteriostatically active constituents of Trollius chinensis Bge [J] J Tsinghua Univ (Sci Technol Edit) 1974;1(2):165–174. [Google Scholar]
- 78.Miski M, Ulubelen A, Mabry TJ. Antibacterial activity studies of flavonoids from Salvia palaestina [J] J Nat Prod. 1983;46(6):874–875. doi: 10.1021/np50030a007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 79.Sun L, Chen JZ, Luo Q. Effects of Trollius flavonoids on proliferation of K562, HeLa, Ec-109 and NCI-H446 tumor cells [J] J Zhengzhou Univ (Med Sci Edit) 2009;44(5):981–983. [Google Scholar]
- 80.Sun L, Liu F, Liu H. The effects of Trollius flavonoids on human breast cancer cells [J] Chin J Gerontol. 2009;29(5):1098–1099. [Google Scholar]
- 81.Sun L, Luo Q, Zhang L. Effects of Trollius flavonoids on growth and apoptosis of A549 cells [J] Chin J Gerontol. 2011;31(1):82–83. [Google Scholar]
- 82.Zhao EL, Zhao XH, Fan JF. Study on the extraction and antioxidation of flavone from Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] J Food Sci Biotechnol. 2009;28(1):81–85. [Google Scholar]
- 83.Li HP, Zhang MM, Ma GJ. Radical scavenging activity of flavonoids from Trollius chinensis Bunge [J] Nutrition. 2011;27(10):1061–1065. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.03.005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 84.Zhou X, Fan GR, Wu YT. Study on the antioxidation activities in vitro of total flavonoids and components from Trollius ledebouri [J] J Chin Med Mat. 2007;30(8):1000–1002. [Google Scholar]