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. 2009 Jan 6;25(8):535–548. [Article in Spanish] doi: 10.1157/13109990

Efectos de la infección viral en el paciente trasplantado

Effects of viral infection on transplant recipients

Juan José Castón a, José Miguel Cisneros b, Julián Torre-Cisneros a,⁎
PMCID: PMC7130329  PMID: 17915112

Abstract

Las infecciones virales continúan siendo una importante causa de morbimortalidad en los pacientes trasplantados. En estos pacientes, el riesgo de infección viral depende de varios factores como el tipo de trasplante, la intensidad de la inmunosupresión y la susceptibilidad del receptor. Además de efectos directos, la infección viral puede causar efectos indirectos derivados del efecto inmunomodulador de algunos virus como citomegalovirus o herpesvirus 6. Entre estos efectos se encuentran un mayor riesgo de replicación de otros virus, de rechazo, de otras infecciones oportunistas y de otras entidades específicas en cada tipo de trasplante. Los tests moleculares cuantitativos han reemplazado en la mayoría de las ocasiones a los métodos serológicos y al cultivo para el diagnóstico de estas infecciones, especialmente en el caso de citomegalovirus, virus de Epstein-Barr, y los virus de la hepatitis B y C. Sin embargo, estos avances diagnósticos no se han acompañado del desarrollo de antivirales específicos o de vacunas eficaces, por lo que las medidas de prevención continúan siendo fundamentales en estos pacientes.

Palabras clave: Infección viral, Trasplante, Citomegalovirus, Hepatitis, Enfermedad linfoproliferativa postrasplante

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