Skip to main content
Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 2002 Apr 8;29(4):237–257. [Article in French] doi: 10.1016/S0399-077X(99)80032-8

Infections respiratoires basses de l'adulte: pneumonie communautaire et bronchite aiguë

PMCID: PMC7130595  PMID: 38620207

The content is available as a PDF (2.1 MB).

Références

  • 1.Trémolières F. En pratique: antibiothérapie des pneumopathies communautaires de l'adulte. Lettre Infectiol. 1998;XIII:220–228. [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Mayaud C, Parrot A, Houacine S, Denis M, Akoun G. Épidémiologie des germes responsables des pneumopathies communautaires. Rev Pneumol Clin. 1992;48:101–110. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Dunlay J, Reinhardt R, Arbor A. Clinical features and treatment of acute bronchitis. J Fam Pract. 1984;18:719–722. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Lehtomaki K. Clinical diagnosis of pneumococcal adenoviral, mycoplasmal and mixed pneumonias in young men. Eur Respir J. 1988;1:324–329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.MacFarlane JT, Colville A, Guion A, MacFarlane RM, Rose DH. Prospective study of aetiology and outcome of adult lower — respiratory — tract infections in the community. Lancet. 1993;341:511–514. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90275-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Melbye K, Dale K. Interobserver variability in the radiographic diagnosis of adult outpatient pneumonia. Acta Radiol. 1992;33:79–81. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Hope-Simpson RE, Miller DL. The definition of acute respiratory illnesses in general practice. Postgrad Med J. 1973;49:763–770. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.49.577.763. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Howie JGR. A new look at respiratory illness in general practice. Acta Radiol. 1992;33:79–81. [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Huchon GJ, Gialdroni-Grassi G, Leophonte P, Manresa F, Schaberg T, Woodhead MA. Initial antibiotic therapy for lower respiratory tract infection in the community: a European survey. Eur Resp J. 1996;9:1590–1595. doi: 10.1183/09031936.96.09081590. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Taytard A, Touron D, Lorioux D, Masson F, Vernejoux JM, Tunon de Lara JM. Stratégies diagnostiques et thérapeutiques devant les pneumopathies aiguës en pratique de ville. Rev Mal Resp. 1994;11:385–391. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Verheij TJM, Hermans J, Kaptein AA, Wijkel D, Mulder JD. Acute Bronchitis: general practionner's views regarding diagnosis and treatment. Fam Pract. 1990;7:175–180. doi: 10.1093/fampra/7.3.175. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Bartlett JG, Mundy LM. Community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1618–1624. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199512143332408. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Bartlett JG, Breiman RF, Mandell LA, File TM. Community-acquired pneumonia in adults: Guidelines for management. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;26:811–838. doi: 10.1086/513953. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Singal BM, Hedges JR, Radack KL. Decision rules and clinical prediction of pneumonia: evaluation of low-yield criteria. Ann Emerg Med. 1989;18:13–20. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(89)80304-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Diehr P, Wood RW, Bushyhead J, Krueger L, Wolcott B, Tompkins RK. Prediction of pneumonia in out patients with acute cough — a statistical approach. J Chron Dis. 1984;37:215–225. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(84)90149-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Heckerling PS, Tape TG, Wigton RS, Hissong KK, Leikin JB, Ornato JP, et al. Clinical prediction rule for pulmonary infiltrates. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:664–670. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-113-9-664. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Metlay JP, Kapoor WN, Fine JM. Does this patient have community-acquired pneumonia? Diagnosing Pneumonia by history and physical examination. JAMA. 1997;278:1440–1445. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Spiteri MA, Cook DG, Clarke SW. Reliability of eliciting physical signs in examination of the chest. Lancet. 1988;16:873–875. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)91613-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Woodhead M, MacFarlane JT, McCracken JS, Rose DH, Finch RG. Prospective study of the aetiology and outcome of pneumonia in the community. Lancet. 1987;1:671–674. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90430-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Woodhead M, Gialdroni Grassi G, Huchon GJ, Leophonte P, Manresa F, Schaberg T. Use of investigations in lower respiratory tract infection in the community: a European survey. Eur Resp J. 1996;9:1596–1600. doi: 10.1183/09031936.96.09081596. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Marrie TJ, Durant H, Yates L. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: 5 year prospective study. Rev Infect Dis. 1989;11:586–599. doi: 10.1093/clinids/11.4.586. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Metlay JP, Schulz R, Yi-Hwei Singer DE, Marrie JT, Coley CM, et al. Influence of age on symptoms at presentation in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Int Med. 1997;157:1453–1459. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Melbye H, Berdal BP, Straume B, Russel H, Vorland L, Thacker L. Pneumonia: a clinical and radiographic diagnosis? Scand J Infect Dis. 1992;24:647–655. doi: 10.3109/00365549209054652. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Melbye H, Straume B, Aasebo U, Dale K. Diagnosis of pneumonia in adults in general practice. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1992;10:226–233. doi: 10.3109/02813439209014066. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Recommandations pour la prise en charge des BPCO. Rev Mal Respir. 1997;14:S2–S11. doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2010.04.012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.4e Conférence de consensus en thérapeutique anti-infectieuse de la Société de pathologie infectieuse de langue française — Les infections des voies respiratoires; Lille, 18 octobre 1991; 1992. [Google Scholar]
  • 27.Vives L, Biel P, Maler G, Labonne F, Lecoules N, Dufour M, et al. Pneumopathies aiguës communautaires préoccupantes ou graves explorées par fibroscopie bronchique. Analyse de 193 cas hospitalisés en hôpital général. Rev Mal Resp. 1996;13:175–182. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Marrie JT. Community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Inf Dis. 1994;18:501–515. doi: 10.1093/clinids/18.4.501. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 29.Niederman MS, Bass JB, Campbell GD, Fein AM, Grossman RF, Mandell LA, et al. Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity and initial antimicrobial therapy. Am Rev Resp Dis. 1993;148:1418–1426. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/148.5.1418. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 30.Management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Working groups of the South African Pulmonology Society and the Antibiotic study Group of South AfricaSouth Afr Med J. 1996;86:1152–1163. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 31.European study on community-acquired pneumonia committee Guidelines for management of adult community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Eur Resp J. 1998;11:986–991. doi: 10.1183/09031936.98.11040986. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 32.Mouton Y, Bignolas G, Chidiac C, Decazes JM. Gehanno P et groupe de travail. Recommandations sur la prise en charge de la pathologie infectieuse respiratoire. Méd Mal Infect. 1995;25:1021–1028. [Google Scholar]
  • 33.The British Thoracic Society Guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults admitted to hospital. Br J Hosp Med. 1993;49:346–350. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 34.Fine MJ, Smith DN, Singer DE. Hospitalization decision in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study. Am J Mcd. 1990;89:713–721. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(90)90211-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 35.Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, Hanusa BH, Weissfeld LA, Singer DE, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk partients with community-acquired Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:243–250. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199701233360402. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 36.Lange P, Vesbo J, Nyboe J. Risk factors for death, hospitalization from pneumonia. A prospective study of a general population. Bur Resp J. 1995;8:1694–1698. doi: 10.1183/09031936.95.08101694. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 37.Fine MJ, Smith MA, Carson CA, Mutha SS, Sankey SS, Weissfeld LA, et al. Prognosis and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. A meta-analysis. JAMA. 1996;275:134–141. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 38.Pesola GR, Charles A. Pneumococcal bacteremia with pneumonia. Mortality in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Chest. 1992;101:150–155. doi: 10.1378/chest.101.1.150. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 39.Gomez J, Banos V, Ruiz Gomez J, Soto MC, Munoz L, Nunez ML, et al. Prospective study of epidemiology and prognostic factors in community-acquired pneumonia. Europ J Clin Microbiol Inf Dis. 1996;15:556–560. doi: 10.1007/BF01709363. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 40.Michetti G, Pugliese C, Bamberga M, Ori Belometti M, Villa R, Maggi L, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia, is there difference in etiology between hospitalized and out-patients? Minerva Mcd. 1995;86:341–351. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 41.Moine P, Vereken JB, Chevret S, Gajdos P. Severe communityacquired pneumococcal pneumonia. The French Study Group of community-acquired pneumonia in ICU. Scand J Inf Dis. 1995;27:201–206. doi: 10.3109/00365549509019009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 42.Paganin F, Chanez P, Brousse C, Lilienthal F, Darbas H, Jonquet O, et al. Pneumonies communautaires dans la région de Montpellier. Augmentation des pneumocoques de sensibilité diminuée aux pénicillines. Presse Med. 1995;24:1341–1344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 43.Porath A, Schlaeffer F, Lieberman D. The epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized adults. J Inf. 1997;34:41–48. doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(97)80008-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 44.Stout JE, Yu VL. Legionellosis. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:682–687. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199709043371006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 45.Marrie TJ, Peeling RW, Fine MJ, Singer DE, Coley CM, Kapoor WN. Ambulatory patients with community-acquired pneumonia: the frequency of atypical agents and clinical cause. Am J Med. 1996;101:508–515. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(96)00255-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 46.Allen MB, Prowske K. Bacteraemie Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 1988;1:929–931. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 47.Farley MM, Stephens SD, Brachman PS, Harvey RC, Smith JD, Wenger JD. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in adults: a prospective, population-based surveillance. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:806–812. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-116-10-806. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 48.Fang GD, Fine MJ, Orloff J, Arisumi D, Yu VL, Kapoor W, et al. New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy. A prospective multicentcr study of 359 cases. Medicine. 1990;69:307–316. doi: 10.1097/00005792-199009000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 49.Farr BM, Kaiser DL, Harrison BDW, Connolly CK. Prediction of microbial aetiology at admission to hospital for pneumonia from the presenting clinical features. Thorax. 1989;44:1031–1035. doi: 10.1136/thx.44.12.1031. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 50.Granados A, Podzamczer D, Gudiol F, Manresa F. Pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila and pneumococcal pneumonia: similarities and differences on presentation. Eur Respir J. 1989;2:130–134. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 51.Helms CM, Viner JP, Sturm RH, Renner ED, Johnson W. Comparative features of pneumococcal. mycoplasmal and Legionnaire's disease pneumonias. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:543–547. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-543. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 52.Kauppinen MT, Saikku P, Kujala P, Herva E, Syrjala H. Clinical picture of community-acquired Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia requiring hospital treatment: a comparison between chlamydial and pneumococcal pneumonia. Thorax. 1996;51:185–189. doi: 10.1136/thx.51.2.185. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 53.Leophonte P, Didier A, Carré P. In: Aubier M, Fournier M, Pariente R, editors. Vol. 37. Flammarion Médecine-sciences; Paris: 1996. Infections respiratoires non tuberculeuses; pp. 313–348. (Pneumologie). [Google Scholar]
  • 54.Ponka A, Sarna S. Differential diagnosis of viral, mycoplasmal and bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonias on admission to hospital. Eur J Resp Dis. 1983;64:360–368. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 55.Sopena N, Sabria-Leal M, Pedro-Botet ML, Padilla E, Dominguez J, Morera J, et al. Comparative study of the clinical presentation of Legionella pneumonia and other community-acquired pneumonias. Chest. 1998;113:1195–1200. doi: 10.1378/chest.113.5.1195. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 56.Woodhead M, MacFarlane JT. Comparative clinical and laboratory features of Legionella with pneumococcal and mycoplasma pneumonias. Br J Dis Chest. 1987;81:133–139. doi: 10.1016/0007-0971(87)90130-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 57.Leophonte P, Mularczyk M, Rouquet R, Geslin P. In: Infections à pneumocoques de sensibilité diminuée aux bêtalactamines. Carbon C, Chastang C, Decazes JM, editors. Springer Verlag; Paris: 1993. membres du GRIP Résultats d'une enquête nationale sur les pneumonies ä pneumocoques hospitalisés. [Google Scholar]
  • 58.Mansel JK, Rosenow EC, Smith TH, Martin JW. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia. Chest. 1989;95:639–646. doi: 10.1378/chest.95.3.639. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 59.Reed WW, Byrd GS, Gates RH, Howard RS, Weaver MJ. Sputum gram's stain in community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia. A meta-analysis. West J Med. 1996;165:197–204. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 60.Geslin P. 1997. Centre national de référence des pneumocoques. (Rapport d'activité). [Google Scholar]
  • 61.Goldstein FW, Acar JF, The Alexander Project Collaborative Group Antimicrobial resistance among lower respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: results of a 1992–1993 Western Europe and USA collaborative surveillance study. J Antimicrob Chemothcr. 1996;38(Suppl A):71–84. doi: 10.1093/jac/38.suppl_a.71. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 62.Pallares R, Linares J, Vadillo M, Cabellos C, Manresa F, Viladrich PF, et al. Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain. N Engl J Mcd. 1995;333:474–480. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199508243330802. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 63.Aucher P, Piron C, Laland C, Fauchere JL. Enquête épidémiologique sur la résistance de Streptococcus pneumoniae aux antibiotiques en région Poitou-Charentes. Méd Mal Infect. 1997;27:31–37. [Google Scholar]
  • 64.Corrichons V, Abinars A, Arminaud du Chatelet A, Barbeau P, Bezian MC, Boineau F, et al. Enquête épidémiologique régionale sur la résistance aux antibiotiques de Streptococcus pneumoniae: résultats de l'observatoire pneumocoque région Aquitaine. Méd Mal Infect. 1997;27:16–23. [Google Scholar]
  • 65.May C, Bellon O, Lagier E, Lefrand H, Brisou P, Nguyen AM, et al. Observatoire régional du pneumocoque. Bilan 1995 de la région provençale. Méd Mal Infect. 1997;27:24–30. [Google Scholar]
  • 66.Weber M, Roussel-Delvallez M, Laurans G, Fosse T, Dupont MJ, Perez R, et al. Enquêtes épidémiologiques régionales sur la résistance aux antibiotiques de S. Pneumoniae: résultats préliminaires de 6 observatoires régionaux. Méd Mal Infect. 1997;27:7–15. [Google Scholar]
  • 67.Weber M, Laurans G, Chardon H, Maugein J, Roussel-Delvallez M, Aucher P, et al. Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in French countries in 1995. ICAAC. Toronto Abstract C44. 1997 [Google Scholar]
  • 68.Mularezyk M, Leophonte P. ICAAC; 1997. Pneumopathies à pneumocoque de l'adulte: résultats d'une étude multicentrique française. (abstract K 88-K94). [Google Scholar]
  • 69.Bedos JP, Vallee E, Moine P, Geslin P, Chastang C. Pneumonies à S. pneumoniae de sensibilité diminuée à la pénicilline: données épidémiologiques, facteurs de risques et impact thérapeutique. Méd Mal Inf. 1995;25:740–747. [Google Scholar]
  • 70.Chidiac C, Floret E, Alfandari S, Yazdanpanah Caillaux M, Bourez JM, et al. ICAAC; 1996. Resistance Among Isolated Pathogens in Hospitalized patients with VIH infection (PWH) with Bacterial infection (BI): prospective study in the North France AIDS Reference Center. (Abstract 133). [Google Scholar]
  • 71.Clavo-Sanchez AJ, Giron-Gonzalez JA, Lopez-Prieto D, Canueto-Guintero J, Sanchcz-Porto A, Vergara-Campos A, et al. multivariate analysis of risk factors for infection due to penicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: a multicenter Study. Clin Inf Dis. 1997;24:1052–1059. doi: 10.1086/513628. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 72.Pallares R, Gudiol F, Linares J, Ariza J, Rufi G, Murgui I, et al. Risk factors and response to antibiotic therapy in adults with bacteremic pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant pneumococi. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:18–22. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198707023170104. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 73.Geslin P. Bêtalactamines et pneumocoques multirésislants isolés en France (1984–1994) Mcd Hyg. 1995;53:211–218. [Google Scholar]
  • 74.Bedos JP, Leophonte P. Expérience clinique du traitement par l'amoxicilline des pneumonies à pneumocoques de sensibilité diminuée à la pénicilline. Méd Mal Inf. 1997;27:58–67. [Google Scholar]
  • 75.Poirier R, Chardon H, Beraud A, Devieuvre D, Petitprelz P, Montestruc E, et al. Efficacité et tolérance de la pristinamycine vs l'association amoxicilline-acide clavulanique dans le traitement des pneumopathies aiguës communautaires de l'adulte hospitalisé. Rev Pneumol Clin. 1997;53:325–331. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 76.Meehan TP, Fine MJ, Krumholz HM, Scinto JD, Galusha DH, Mockalis JT, et al. Quality of care process, and outcomes in Elderly patients with pneumonia. JAMA. 1997;278:2080–2084. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 77.Jay SJ, Johanson WG, Pierce AK. The radiographic resolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1975;293:798–801. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197510162931604. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 78.MacFarlane JT, Miller AC, Roderick Smith WH, Morris AH, Rose DH. Comparative radiographic features of community acquired Legionnaire's disease, pneumococcal pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia and psittacosis. Thorax. 1994;39:28–33. doi: 10.1136/thx.39.1.28. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 79.Dunlay J, Reinhardt R, Roi LD. A placebo-controlled double-blind trial of erylhromycin in adults with acute bronchitis. J Fam Pract. 1987;25:137–141. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 80.Jarlier V. In: L'infection bronchique en question. Groupe ECRIR, editor. Flammarion Médecine-Sciences; Paris: 1997. Bronchites et bactéries; pp. 36–41. [Google Scholar]
  • 81.Mackay DN. Treatment of acute bronchitis in adults without underlying lung disease. J Gen Intern Med. 1996;11:557–562. doi: 10.1007/BF02599608. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 82.Verheij TJM, Hermans J, Mulder JD. Effects of doxycycline in patients with cough and purulent sputum: a double blind placebo controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract. 1994;44:400–404. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 83.Le Fur PH, Sermet C. Broncho-pneumopathies aiguës et anlibiohcrapie en 1992. Aspects socioéconomiques. CREDES n∘ 1062. mars 1995:1–35. [Google Scholar]
  • 84.Piccoli . In: L'infection bronchique en question. groupe ECRIR, editor. Flammarion Médecine-Sciences; Paris: 1997. La bronchite en question: témoignage d'un médecin généraliste; pp. 90–94. [Google Scholar]
  • 85.Gonzales R, Steiner JF, Merle A. Antibiotic Prescribing for Adults with Colds. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, and Bronchitis by Ambulatory Care Physicians. JAMA. 1997;278:901–904. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 86.Gwaltney JM. In: Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 3rd edition. Mandell JR, Douglas RG, Bennet JE, editors. Churchill Livingstone; New York: 1995. Acute bronchitis; pp. 606–608. [Google Scholar]
  • 87.Verheij TJM, Kaptein AA, Mulder JD. Acute bronchitis: Aetiology, symptoms and treatment. Fam Pract. 1989;6:66–69. doi: 10.1093/fampra/6.1.66. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 88.Marquette CH. In: L'infection bronchique en question. groupe ECRIR, editor. Flammarion Médecine-Sciences; Paris: 1997. Apport des techniques microbiologiques; pp. 86–88. [Google Scholar]
  • 89.Leophonte P, Mouton Y. In: L'infection bronchique en question. groupe ECRIR, editor. Flammarion Médecine-Sciences; Paris: 1997. Bronchites, insatisfactions actuelles; pp. 2–4. [Google Scholar]
  • 90.Kronenberg RS, Griffith DE. In: Respiratory Infections. A scientific basis for management. Niederman MS, Sarosi GA, Glassroth J, editors. Saunders; Philadelphia: 1994. Bronchitis and acute febrile tracheobronchitis; pp. 91–101. [Google Scholar]
  • 91.Franks P, Gleiner JA. The treatment of acute bronchitis with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. J Fam Pract. 1984;19:185–190. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 92.Stott NCH, West RR. Randomised controlled trial of antibiotics in patients with cough and purulent sputum. BMJ. 1976;2:556–559. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6035.556. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 93.Williamson HA. A randomized, controlled trial of doxycycline in acute bronchitis. J Fam Pract. 1984;19:481–488. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 94.Brickfield FX, Carter WH, Johnson RE. Erythromycin in the treatment of acute bronchitis in a community practice. J Fam Pract. 1986;23:119–122. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 95.Howic JGR, Clark GA. Double-blind trial of early demethylchlortetracycline in minor respiratory illness in general practice. Lancet. 1970;2:1099–1102. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(70)92294-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 96.King DE, Williams WC, Bishop L, Shechter A. Effectiveness of erythromycin in the treatment of acute bronchitis. J Fam Pract. 1996;42:601–605. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 97.Scherl ER, Riegler SL, Cooper JK. Doxycycline in acute bronchitis: a randomized double-blind trial. J Ky Med Assoc. 1987:539–541. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 98.Hueston WJ. A comparison of albutcrol and erythromycin for the treatment of acute bronchitis. J Fam Pract. 1991;33:476–480. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 99.Hueston WJ. Alhuterol delivered by metered-dose inhaler to treat acute bronchitis. J Fam Pract. 1994;39:437–440. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 100.Fahcy T, Stocks N, Thomas T. Quantitative systematic review of randomised controlled trials comparing antibiotic with placebo for acute cough in adults. BMJ. 1998;316:906–910. doi: 10.1136/bmj.316.7135.906. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES