Skip to main content
Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 2002 Nov 11;101(2):153–170. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(87)90147-5

Hybridoma technology: new developments of practical interest

Sergio R Samoilovich 1, Charles B Dugan 1, Alberto JL Macario 1,2,
PMCID: PMC7130749  PMID: 3302047

The content is available as a PDF (1.4 MB).

References

  1. Abrams P.G., Knost J.A., Clarke G., Wilburn S., Oldham R.K., Foon K.A. Determination of the optimal human cell lines for development of human hybridomas. J. Immunol. 1983;113:1201. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Altshuler G.L., Dziewulski D.M., Sowek J.A., Belfort G. Continuous hybridoma growth and monoclonal antibody production in hollow fiber reactors-separators. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1986;28:646. doi: 10.1002/bit.260280503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. American Type Culture Collection . 5th edition. American Type Culture Collection; Rockville, MD: 1985. Catalogue of Cell Lines and Hybridomas. [Google Scholar]
  4. Bankert R.B., DesSoye D., Powers L. Vol. 12. 1980. Antigen-promoted cell fusion: Antigen-coated myeloma cells fuse with antigen-reactive spleen cells; p. 443. (Transplant. Proc.). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bastin J.M., Kirkley J., McMichael A.J. Production of monoclonal antibodies: A practical guide. In: McMichael A.J., Fabre J.W., editors. Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Medicine. Academic Press; New York: 1982. p. 503. [Google Scholar]
  6. Bazin H., Cormont F., DeClercq L. Rat monoclonal antibodies. II. A rapid and efficient method of purification from ascitic fluid or serum. J. Immunol. Methods. 1984;71:9. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90200-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Birch J.R., Thompson P.W., Boraston R. Production of monoclonal antibodies in large-scale cell culture. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1985;13:10. doi: 10.1042/bst0130010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bischoff R., Eisert R.M., Schedel I., Vienken J., Zimmerman U. Human hybridoma cells produced by electro-fusion. FEBS Lett. 1982;147:64. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)81012-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bloom P. An art in itself. Lab. Practice. 1986;35:11. [Google Scholar]
  10. Bodeus M., Burtonboy G., Bazin H. Rat monoclonal antibodies. IV. Easy method for in vitro production. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;79:1. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90385-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Borrebaeck C.A.K. In vitro immunization for production of murine and human monoclonal antibodies: Present status. Trends Biotechnol. 1986;4:147. [Google Scholar]
  12. Buck D.W., Larrick J.W., Raubitschek A., Truitt K.E., Senyk G., Wang J., Dyer B.J. Production of human monoclonal antibodies. In: Kennett R.H., Bechtol K.B., McKearn T.J., editors. Monoclonal Antibodies and Functional Cell Lines-Progress and Applications. Plenum Press; New York: 1984. p. 275. [Google Scholar]
  13. Campbell A.M. In: Burdon R.H., Van Knippenberg P.H., editors. Elsevier; Amsterdam: 1984. (Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 13, Monoclonal antibody technology: The production and characterization of rodent and human hybridomas). [Google Scholar]
  14. Casali P., Inghirami G., Nakamura M., Davies T.F., Notkins A.L. Human monoclonals from antigen-specific selection of B lymphocytes and transformation by EBV. Science. 1986;234:476. doi: 10.1126/science.3020687. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Clark M., Cobbold S., Hale G.H., Waldmann H. Advantages of rat monoclonal antibodies. Immunol. Today. 1983;4:100. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(83)90013-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Cleveland W.L., Wood I., Erlanger B.F. Routine large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies in a protein-free culture medium. J. Immunol. Methods. 1983;56:221. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90414-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Cole S.P.C., Vreeken E.H., Roder J.C. Antibody production by human×human hybridomas in serum-free medium. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;78:271. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90085-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Conway de Macario E., macario A.J.L. Long-term antibody synthesis in vitro. V. Conditions for prolonging the response, selection of different cell types and interculture transfer of functional structures. Cell. Immunol. 1976;25:90. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(76)90099-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Conway de Macario E., Macario A.J.L. Long-term antibody synthesis in vitro. VII. Induction of immunologic memory in cultures of horse lymph nodes. Cell. Immunol. 1978;39:395. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(78)90115-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Croce C.M., Linnenbach A., Hall W., Steplewski Z., Koprowski H. Production of human hybridomas secreting antibodies to measles virus. Nature. 1980;288:488. doi: 10.1038/288488a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Dalchau R., Fabre J.W. The purification of antigens and other studies with monoclonal antibody affinity columns: The complementary new dimension of monoclonal antibodies. In: McMichael A.J., Fabre J.W., editors. Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Medicine. Academic Press; New York: 1982. p. 520. [Google Scholar]
  22. Darfler F.J., Insel P.A. Growth of normal and transformed lymphoid cells and hybridomas in serum-free medium. In: Sato G.H., Pardee A.B., Sirbasku D.A., editors. Growth of Cells in Hormonally Defined Media. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; Cold Spring Harbor, NY: 1982. p. 717. Book B. [Google Scholar]
  23. Denis K.A., Wall R., Saxton A. Human-human cell hybridomas from in vitro stimulated lymphocytes of patients with common variable immunodeficiency. J. Immunol. 1983;131:2273. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. DePinho R.A., Feldman L.B., Scharff M.D. Tailor-made monoclonal antibodies. Ann. Intern. Med. 1986;104:225. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-104-2-225. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Edwards P.A.W., Smith C.M., Neville N., Hare M.J. A human-human hybridoma system based on a fast-growing mutant of the ARH-77 plasma cell leukemia-derived line. Eur. J. Immunol. 1982;12:641. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830120804. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Effros R.B., Hulette C.M., Ettenger R., Dillard L.C., Zeller E., Duong R., Walford R.L. A human-human hybridoma secreting anti-HLA class II antibody. J. Immunol. 1986;137:1599. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Eisenbarth G.S., Linnenbach A., Jackson R., Scearce R., Croce C.M. Human hybridomas secreting anti-islet autoantibodies. Nature. 1982;300:264. doi: 10.1038/300264a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Fazekas de St.Groth S., Scheidegger D. Production of monoclonal antibodies: Strategy and tactics. J. Immunol. Methods. 1980;35:1. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(80)90146-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Feder J., Tolbert W.R. The large-scale cultivation of mammalian cells. Sci. Am. 1983;248:37. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0183-36. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Galfrè G., Milstein C. Preparation of monoclonal antibodies: Strategies and procedures. In: Langone J.J., Van Vunakis H., editors. Academic Press; New York: 1981. p. 3. (Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 73, Immunochemical Techniques). Part B. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Galfrè G., Milstein C., Wright B. Rat×rat myelomas and a monoclonal anti-Fd portion of mouse IgG. Nature. 1979;277:131. doi: 10.1038/277131a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Garberi J.C., Macario A.J.L., Conway de Macario E. Antigenic mosaic of Methanosarcinaceae: Partial characterization of Methanosarcina barkeri 227 surface antigens by monoclonal antibodies. J. Bacteriol. 1985;164:1. doi: 10.1128/jb.164.1.1-6.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Gigliotti F., Smith L., Insel R.A. Reproducible production of protective human monoclonal antibodies by fusion of peripheral blood lymphocytes with a mouse myeloma cell line. J. Infect. Dis. 1984;149:43. doi: 10.1093/infdis/149.1.43. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Glacken M.W., Fleischaker R.J., Sinskey A.J. Mammalian cell culture: Engineering principles and scale-up. Trends Biotechnol. 1983;1:102. [Google Scholar]
  35. Glassy M.C., Handley H.H., Hagiwara H., Royston I. Vol. 80. 1983. UC 729-6, a human lymphoblastoid B-cell line useful for generating antibody-secreting human--human hybridomas; p. 6327. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Göbel U.F., Stanbridge E.J. Cloned mycoplasma ribosomal RNA genes for the detection of mycoplasma contamination in tissue cultures. Science. 1984;226:1211. doi: 10.1126/science.6505688. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Goding J. 2nd edn. Academic Press; Orlando, FL: 1986. Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice. Production and Application of Monoclonal Antibodies in Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Immunology. [Google Scholar]
  38. Groves D.J., Morris B.A., Tan K., De Silva M., Clayton J. Production of an ovine monoclonal antibody to testosterone by an interspecies fusion. Hybridoma. 1987;6:71. doi: 10.1089/hyb.1987.6.71. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Gruenberg M.L., Walker R.D. A new technique for controlled delivery of biochemical regulatory agents to isolated tissue in culture. BioTechniques. 1983;1:84. [Google Scholar]
  40. Hadas E., Theilen G. Production of monoclonal antibodies. The effect of hybridoma concentration on the yield of antibody-producing clones. J. Immunol. Methods. 1987;96:3. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(87)90359-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Hashizume S., Murakami H., Kamei M., Hirose S., Shirai T., Yamada K., Omura H. Specificity of anti-polynucleotide monoclonal antibodies from human-human hybridomas. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 1987;23:53. doi: 10.1007/BF02623493. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Heitzmann J.G., Cohn M. The WI-L2-729-HF2 human hybridoma system: Stable hybrids at high frequency. Mol. Biol. Med. 1983;1:235. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Hendershot L., Levitt D. Effects of mycoplasma contamination on immunoglobulin biosynthesis by human B lymphoblastoid cell lines. Infect. Immun. 1985;49:36. doi: 10.1128/iai.49.1.36-39.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Hirsch F., Vendeville B., DeClercq L., Bazin H., Druet P. Rat monoclonal antibodies. III. A simple method for facilitation of hybridoma cell growth in vivo. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;78:103. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90333-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Ho M.-K., Rand N., Murray J., Kato K., Rabin H. In vitro immunization of human lymphocytes. I. Production of human monoclonal antibodies against bombesin and tetanus toxoid. J. Immunol. 1985;135:3831. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Hulette C.M., Effros R.B., Dillard L.C., Walford R.L. Production of a human monoclonal antibody to HLA by human-human hybridoma technology. Am. J. Pathol. 1985;121:10. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Hunter J.R. Human monoclonal antibodies for prophylaxis and therapy of bacterial infections. In: Macario A.J.L., Conway de Macario E., editors. Vol. I. Academic Press; Orlando, FL: 1985. p. 207. (Monoclonal Antibodies against Bacteria). [Google Scholar]
  48. Ichimori Y., Harada K., Hitotsumachi S., Tsukamoto K. Establishment of hybridoma secreting human monoclonal antibody against hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1987;142:805. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91485-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Kawamoto T., Sato J.D., Le A., McClure D.B., Sato G.H. Development of a serum-free medium for growth of NS-1 mouse myeloma cells and its application to the isolation of NS-1 hybridomas. Anal. Biochem. 1983;130:445. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90614-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Kilmartin J.V., Wright B., Milstein C. Rat monoclonal antitubulin antibodies derived by using a new non-secreting rat cell line. J. Cell. Biol. 1982;93:576. doi: 10.1083/jcb.93.3.576. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Klausner A. Monoclonal makers upping production, vying for new contracts. Biotechnology. 1983;1:737. [Google Scholar]
  52. Knudsen K.A. Proteins transferred to nitrocellulose for use as immunogens. Anal. Biochem. 1985;147:285. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90273-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Knutton S., Pasternak C.A. The mechanism of cell-cell fusion. Trends Biochem. Sci. 1979;4:220. [Google Scholar]
  54. Köhler G. The technique of hybridoma production. In: Lefkovits I., Pernis B., editors. Vol. II. Academic Press; New York: 1981. p. 285. (Immunological Methods). [Google Scholar]
  55. Köhler G. Derivation and diversification of monoclonal antibodies. EMBO J. 1985;4:1359. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03787.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Köhler G., Milstein C. Continuous culture of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature. 1975;256:495. doi: 10.1038/256495a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Köhler G., Milstein C. Derivation of specific antibody-producing tissue culture and tumor lines by cell fusion. Eur. J. Immunol. 1976;6:511. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830060713. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Kovar J., Franek F. Serum-free medium for hybridoma and parental myeloma cell cultivation: A novel composition of growth-supporting substances. Immunol. Lett. 1984;7:339. doi: 10.1016/0165-2478(84)90092-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Kozbor D., Roder J.C. The production of monoclonal antibodies from human lymphocytes. Immunol. Today. 1983;4:72. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(83)90123-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Kozbor D., Roder J.C. In vitro stimulated lymphocytes as a source of human hybridomas. Eur. J. Immunol. 1984;14:23. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830140105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Kozbor D., Lagarde A.E., Roder J.C. Vol. 79. 1982. Human hybridomas constructed with antigen-specific Epstein-Barr virus-transformed cell lines; p. 6651. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Kozbor D., Dexter D., Roder J.C. A comparative analysis of the phenotypic characteristics of available fusion partners for the construction of human hybridomas. Hybridoma. 1983;2:7. doi: 10.1089/hyb.1983.2.7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Kozbor D., Abramow-Newery W., Tripputi P., Cole S.P.C., Weibel J., Roder J.C., Croce C.M. Specific immunoglobulin production and enhanced tumorigenicity following ascites growth of human hybridomas. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;81:31. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90119-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Kranz D.M., Billing P.A., Herron J.N., Voss E.W., Jr. Modified hybridoma methodology: Antigen-directed chemically mediated cell fusion. Immunol. Commun. 1980;9:639. doi: 10.3109/08820138009066015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Lane R.D. A short-duration polyethylene glycol fusion technique for increasing production of monoclonal antibody-secreting hybridomas. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;81:223. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90207-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Lane H.C., Shelhamer J.H., Mostowski H.S., Fauci A.S. Human monoclonal anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin antibody-secreting hybridoma produced from peripheral blood B lymphocytes of a keyhole limpet hemocyanin-immune individual. J. Exp. Med. 1982;155:333. doi: 10.1084/jem.155.1.333. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Lane R.D., Crissman R.S., Lachman M.F. Comparison of polyethylene glycols as fusogens for producing lymphocyte-myeloma hybrids. J. Immunol. Methods. 1984;72:71. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90434-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Lo M.M.S., Tsong T.Y., Conrad M.K., Strittmatter S.M., Hester L.D., Snyder S.H. Monoclonal antibody production by receptor-mediated electrically induced cell fusion. Nature. 1984;310:792. doi: 10.1038/310792a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. macario A.J.L., Conway de Macario E., Celada F. An immunoenzymatic system to study in vitro immune responses. Synthesis of antibodies directed toward different β-D-galactosidase determinants in lymph node fragment cultures. Immunology. 1973;24:237. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. McHugh Y.E., Walthall B.J., Steimer K.S. Serum-free growth of murine and human lymphoid and hybridoma cell lines. BioTechniques. 1983;1:72. [Google Scholar]
  71. Maeda T., Eda Y., Nishiyama K., Ishikawa Y., Tashiro A., Watanabe T. Production of stable mouse×human hybridomas secreting HBs antigen-specific human monoclonal antibody by using in vitro sensitization. Hybridoma. 1986;5:33. doi: 10.1089/hyb.1986.5.33. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Massicotte H., Rauch J., Shoenfeld Y., Tannenbaum H. Influence of fusion cell ratio and cell plating density on production of human-human hybridomas secreting anti-DNA autoantibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Hybridoma. 1984;3:215. doi: 10.1089/hyb.1984.3.215. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Matsuoka Y., Moore G.E., Yagi Y., Pressman D. Vol. 125. 1967. Production of free light chains of immunoglobulin by a hematopoetic cell line derived from a patient with multiple myeloma; p. 1246. (Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Matthew W.D., Patterson P.H. Vol. 48. 1983. The production of a monoclonal antibody that blocks the action of a neurite outgrowth-promoting factor; p. 625. (Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol.). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Milstein C. Monoclonal antibodies from hybrid myelomas: Theoretical aspects and some general comments. In: McMichael A.J., Fabre J.W., editors. Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Medicine. Academic Press; New York: 1982. p. 3. [Google Scholar]
  76. Miyahara M., Nakamura H., Hamaguchi Y. Colcemid treatment of myeloma prior to cell fusion increases the yield of hybridomas between myeloma and splenocyte. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1984;124:903. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)91043-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Nakamura M., Maggio E.T., Ott R. Monoclonal antibodies: Methods of production and application in the clinical laboratory. In: Homberger H.A., Batsakis J.G., editors. Vol. 2. Appleton-Century-Crofts; Norwalk, CN: 1982. p. 59. (Clinical Laboratory Annual). [Google Scholar]
  78. Nilsson K., Bennick H., Johansson S.G.P., Ponten J. Established immunoglobulin producing myeloma (IgE) and lymphoblastoid (IgG) cell lines from an (IgE) myeloma patient. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1970;7:477. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Nilsson K., Scheirer W., Merten O.W., Ostberg L., Leihl E., Katinger H.W.D., Mosbach K. Entrapment of animal cells for production of monoclonal antibodies and other biomolecules. Nature. 1983;302:629. doi: 10.1038/302629a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Noeman S.A., Misra D.N., Yankes R.Y., Kunz H.W., Gill T.J., III Growth of rat-mouse hybridomas in nude mice and nude rats. J. Immunol. Methods. 1982;55:319. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90091-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Nordan R.P., Potter M. A macrophage-derived factor required by plasmacytomas for survival and proliferation in vitro. Science. 1986;233:566. doi: 10.1126/science.3726549. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Ohashi H., Hashizume S., Murakami H., Aihara K., Shinohara K., Omura H. HO-323, a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line useful for making human-human hybridomas. Cell Biol. Int. Rep. 1986;10:77. doi: 10.1016/0309-1651(86)90090-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Oi V.T., Herzenberg L.A. Immunoglobulin-producing hybrid cell lines. In: Mishell B.B., Shiigi S.M., editors. Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology. W.H. Freeman and Co; San Francisco, CA: 1980. p. 351. [Google Scholar]
  84. Olsson L., Kaplan H.S. Vol. 77. 1980. Human-human hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies of predefined antigenic specificity; p. 5429. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Ostberg L., Pursch E. Human×(mouse×human) hybridomas stably producing human antibodies. Hybridoma. 1983;2:361. doi: 10.1089/hyb.1983.2.361. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Posner M.R., Schlossman S.F., Lazarus H. Novel approach to construction of human ‘myeloma analogues’ for production of human monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma. 1983;2:369. doi: 10.1089/hyb.1983.2.369. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. Rathjen D.A., Geczy C.L. Conditioned medium from macrophage cell lines supports the single-cell growth of hybridomas. Hybridoma. 1986;5:255. doi: 10.1089/hyb.1986.5.255. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  88. Rathjen D.A., Underwood P.A. Optimization of conditions for in vitro antigenic stimulation of dissociated mouse spleen cells for the production of monoclonal antibodies against peptide hormones. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;78:227. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90080-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  89. Raybould T.J.G., Crouch C.F., McDougall L.J., Watts T.C. Bovine-murine hybridoma that secretes bovine monoclonal antibody of defined specificity. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1985;46:426. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  90. Raybould T.J.G., Wilson P.J., McDougall L.J., Watts T.C. A porcine-murine hybridoma that secretes porcine monoclonal antibody of defined specificity. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1985;46:1768. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  91. Razin S., Gross M., Wormser M., Pollack Y., Glaser G. Detection of mycoplasmas infecting cell cultures by DNA hybridization. In Vitro. 1984;20:404. doi: 10.1007/BF02619586. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  92. Reading C.L. Theory and methods for immunization in culture and monoclonal antibody production. J. Immunol. Methods. 1982;53:261. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90175-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  93. Reuveny S., Velez D., Macmillan J.D., Miller L. Factors affecting cell growth and monoclonal antibody production in stirred reactors. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;86:53. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90264-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  94. Reuveny S., Velez D., Miller L., Macmillan J.D. Comparison of cell propagation methods for their effect on monoclonal antibody yield in fermentors. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;86:61. [Google Scholar]
  95. Roome A.J., Reading C.L. The use of Epstein-Barr virus transformation for the production of human monoclonal antibodies. Exp. Biol. 1984;43:35. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  96. Scheirer W., Nilsson K., Merten O.W., Katinger H.W.D., Mosbach K. Entrapment of animals cells for the production of biomolecules such as monoclonal antibodies. 5th General Meeting of ESACT; Copenhagen, Denmark; 1984. p. 155. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  97. Schelling M. Increase of hybridoma formation by addition of dextran sulphate to in vitro immunization system. Hybridoma. 1986;5:159. doi: 10.1089/hyb.1986.5.159. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  98. Schonherr O.T., Houwink E.H. Antibody engineering, a strategy for the development of monoclonal antibodies. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek J. Microbiol. 1984;50:597. doi: 10.1007/BF02386229. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  99. Seaver S., Rudolph J.L., Ducibella T., Gabriels J.E., Jr. Hybridoma cell metabolism/antibody secretion in culture. World Biotechnol. Rep. 1984;2:325. [Google Scholar]
  100. Seaver S.S., Rudolph J.L., Gabriels J.E., Jr. A rapid HPLC technique for monitoring amino acid utilization in cell culture. BioTechniques. 1984;2:254. [Google Scholar]
  101. Sherman D.M., Markhan R.J.F. Current and future applications of monoclonal antibodies against bacteria in veterinary medicine. In: Macario A.J.L., Conway de Macario E., editors. Vol. III. Academic Press, Inc; Orlando, FL: 1986. p. 295. (Monoclonal Antibodies against Bacteria). [Google Scholar]
  102. Shoenfeld Y., Witz I.P. Hybridomas from unimmunized individuals. Immunol. Today. 1986;7:350. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(86)90014-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  103. Shulman N., Wilde C.D., Köhler G. A better cell line for making hybridomas secreting specific antibodies. Nature. 1978;276:269. doi: 10.1038/276269a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  104. Sikora K. Human monoclonal antibodies. Br. Med. Bull. 1984;40:209. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071978. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  105. Siraganian R.P., Fox P.C., Berenstein E.H. Methods of enhancing the frequency of antigen-specific hybridomas. Methods Enzymol. 1983;92:17. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)92005-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  106. Sjögren-Jansson E., Jeansson S. Large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies in dialysis tubing. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;84:359. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90442-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  107. Steiner K.S. Serum-free growth of Sp2/0-Ag-14 hybridomas. In: Barnes D.W., Sirbasku D.A., Sato G.H., editors. Methods for Serum-Free Culture of Neuronal and Lymphoid Cells. Alan R. Liss; New York: 1984. p. 237. [Google Scholar]
  108. Sternick J.L., Sturmer A.M. A new high yielding immunization protocol for monoclonal antibody production against soluble antigens. Hybridoma. 1984;3:74. [Google Scholar]
  109. Taggart R.T., Samloff I.M. Stable antibody-producing murine hybridomas. Science. 1982;219:1228. doi: 10.1126/science.6402815. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  110. Takahashi M., Fuller S.A., Hurrell J.G.R. Production of IgG-producing hybridomas by in vitro stimulation of murine spleen cells. J. Immunol. Methods. 1987;96:247. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(87)90321-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  111. Teillaud J.-L., Desaymard C., Giusti A.M., Haseltine B., Pollock R.R., Yelton D.E., Zack D.J., Scharff M.D. Monoclonal antibodies reveal the structural basis of antibody diversity. Science. 1983;222:721. doi: 10.1126/science.6356353. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  112. Teng N.N.H., Lam K.S., Riera F.C., Kaplan H.S. Vol. 80. 1983. Construction and testing of mouse-human heteromyelomas for human monoclonal antibody production; p. 308. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  113. Thalhamer J., Freund J. Passive immunization: A method of enhancing the immune response against antigen mixtures. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;80:7. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90158-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  114. Tharakan J.P., Lucus A., Chau P.C. Hybridoma growth and antibody secretion in serum-supplemented and low protein serum-free media. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;94:225. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90237-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  115. Thompson K.M., Hough D.W., Maddison P.J., Melamed M.D., Hughes-Jones N. The efficient production of stable, human monoclonal antibody-secreting hybridomas from EBV-transformed lymphocytes using the mouse myeloma X63-Ag8.653 as a fusion partner. J. Immunol. Method. 1986;94:7. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90208-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  116. Truitt K.E., Larrick J.W., Raubitschek A.A., Buck D.W., Jacobson S.W. Production of human monoclonal antibody in mouse ascites. Hybridoma. 1984;3:195. doi: 10.1089/hyb.1984.3.195. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  117. Van Meel F.C.M., Steenbakkers P.G.A., Oomen J.C.H. Human and chimpanzee monoclonal antibodies. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;80:267. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90027-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  118. Van Meurs G.J.E., Jonker M. Production of primate monoclonal antibodies. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;95:123. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90326-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  119. Van Ness J., Laemmli U.K., Pettijohn D.E. Vol. 81. 1984. Immunization in vitro and production of monoclonal antibodies specific to insoluble and weakly immunogenic proteins; p. 7897. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  120. Van Snick J., Cayphas S., Vink A., Uyttenhove C., Coulie P.G., Rubira M.R., Simpson R.J. Vol. 83. 1986. Purification and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of a T-cell-derived lymphokine with growth factor activity for B-cell hybridomas; p. 9679. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  121. Velez D., Reuveny S., Miller L., Macmillan J.D. Kinetics of monoclonal antibody production in low serum growth medium. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;86:45. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90263-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  122. Wasserman R.L., Budens R.D., Thaxton E.S. In vitro stimulation prior to fusion generates antigen-binding human-human hybridomas. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;93:275. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90200-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  123. Weimann M.C., Ball E.D., Fanger M.W., Dexter D.L., McIntyre O.R., Bernier G., Jr., Calabresi P. Human and murine hybridomas: Growth and monoclonal antibody production in the artificial capillary culture system. Clin. Res. 1983;31:511A. [Google Scholar]
  124. Weissman D., Parker D.J., Rothstein T.L., Marshak-Rothstein A. Methods for the production of xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies in murine ascites. J. Immunol. 1985;135:1001. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  125. Wernerspach D. Benchtop fermentation systems: New equipment for an ancient process. Am. Biotechnol. Lab. 1986;4:22. [Google Scholar]
  126. Westerwoudt R.J. Improved fusion methods. IV. Technical aspects. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;77:181. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90031-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  127. Wojcieszyn J.W., Schlegel R.A., Lumley-Sapanski K., Jacobson K.A. Studies on the mechanism of polyethylene glycol-mediated cell fusion using fluorescent membrane and cytoplasmic probes. J. Cell. Biol. 1983;96:151. doi: 10.1083/jcb.96.1.151. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  128. Wojchowski D.M., Sytkowski A.J. Hybridoma production by simplified avidin-mediated electrofusion. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;90:173. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90073-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  129. Yarmush M.L., Gates F.T., III, Weisfogel D.R., Kindt T.J. Vol. 77. 1980. Identification and characterization of rabbit-mouse hybridomas secreting rabbit immunoglobulin chains; p. 2899. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  130. Zimmerman U., Scheurich P. High frequency fusion of plant protoplasts by electric fields. Planta. 1981;151:26. doi: 10.1007/BF00384233. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  131. Zimmerman D.H., Mundon F.K., O'Neill S.P. Industrial applications of monoclonal antibodies against bacteria. In: Macario A.J.L., Conway de Macario E., editors. Vol. II. Academic Press; Orlando, FL: 1985. p. 283. (Monoclonal Antibodies Against Bacteria). [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Immunological Methods are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES