Skip to main content
PMC home page
Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 2004 Apr 11;64(1):9–16. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(92)90052-P

Potential therapeutic approach for the hormonal treatment of lacrimal gland dysfunction in Sjögren's syndrome

David A Sullivan a,b, Elcio H Sato a,b
PMCID: PMC7133161  PMID: 1606757

The content is available as a PDF (1.1 MB).

References

  • 1.Holly F.J. Tear film physiology. Int. Ophthalmol. Clin. 1987;27:2–6. doi: 10.1097/00004397-198702710-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Whitcher J.P. Clinical diagnosis of the dry eye. Int. Ophthalmol. Clin. 1987;27:7–24. doi: 10.1097/00004397-198702710-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Lamberts D.W. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca. In: Smolin G., Thoft R.A., editors. The Cornea: Scientific Foundations and Clinical Practice. Little, Brown; Boston: 1983. pp. 293–308. [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Lemp M.A. Recent developments in dry eye management. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:1299–1304. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(87)80015-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Lubniewski A.J., Nelson J.D. Diagnosis and management of dry eye and ocular surface disorders. Ophthalmol. Clin. N.A. 1990;3:575–594. [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Kaswan R. Res. Prev. Blindness Writers Seminar. 1989. Cyclosporine drops: A potential breakthrough for dry eye; pp. 18–20. [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Tabbara K.F. Sjögren's Syndrome. In: Smolin G., Thoft R.A., editors. The Cornea: Scientific Foundations and Clinical Practice. Little, Brown; Boston: 1983. pp. 309–314. [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Moutsopoulos H.M., Talal N. Immunologic abnormalities in Sjögren's syndrome. In: Talal N., Moutsopoulos H.M., Kassan S.S., editors. Sjögren's Syndrome: Clinical and Immunological Aspects. Springer-Verlag; Berlin: 1987. pp. 258–265. [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Talal N., Moutsopoulos H.M. Treatment of Sjögren's syndrome. In: Talal N., Moutsopoulos H.M., Kassan S.S., editors. Sjögren's Syndrome: Clinical and Immunological Aspects. Springer-Verlag; Berlin: 1987. pp. 291–295. [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Kincaid M.C. The eye in Sjögren's syndrome. In: Talal N., Moutsopoulos H.M., Kassan S.S., editors. Sjögren's Syndrome: Clinical and Immunological Aspects. Springer-Verlag; Berlin: 1987. pp. 25–33. [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Daniels T.E., Talal N. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. In: Talal N., Moutsopoulos H.M., Kassan S.S., editors. Sjögren's Syndrome: Clinical and Immunological Aspects. Springer-Verlag; Berlin: 1987. pp. 193–199. [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Daniels T.T., Aufdemorte T.B., Greenspan J.S. Histopathology of Sjögren's syndrome. In: Talal N., Moutsopoulos H.M., Kassan S.S., editors. Sjögren's Syndrome: Clinical and Immunological Aspects. Springer-Verlag; Berlin: 1987. pp. 41–52. [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Alexander E.L. Neuromuscular complications of primary Sjögren's syndrome. In: Talal N., Moutsopoulos H.M., Kassan S.S., editors. Sjögren's Syndrome: Clinical and Immunological Aspects. Springer-Verlag; Berlin: 1987. pp. 61–82. [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Daniels T.E. Sjögren's Syndrome Foundation Inc. Report. 1990. Sjögren's syndrome: In a nut shell. Port Washington, NY. [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Talal N., Ahmed S.A. Sex hormones and autoimmune disease: A short review. Int. J. Immunother. 1987;3:65–70. [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Ahmed S.A., Penhale W.J., Talal N. Sex hormones, immune responses and autoimmune diseases. Am. J. Pathol. 1985;121:531–551. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Burns J.C. Persistent cytomegalovirus infection: The etiology of Sjögren's syndrome. Med. Hypotheses. 1983;10:451–460. doi: 10.1016/0306-9877(83)90011-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Fox R.I., Pearson G., Vaughan J.H. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus-associated antigens and DNA in salivary gland biopsies from patients with Sjögren's syndrome. J. Immunol. 1986;137:3162–3168. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Pflugfelder S.C., Tseng S.C.G., Pepose J.S., Fletcher M.A., Klimas N., Feuer W. Epstein-Barr virus infection and immunological dysfunction in patients with aqueous tear deficiency. Ophthalmology. 1990;97:313–323. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(90)32595-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Pepose J.S., Akata R.F., Pflugfelder S.C., Voigt W. Mononuclear cell phenotypes and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in lacrimal gland biopsies from patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1990;97:1599–1605. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(90)32372-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Green J.E., Hinrichs S.H., Vogel J., Jay G. Exocrinopathy resembling Sjögren's syndrome in HTLV-1 tax transgenic mice. Nature. 1989;341:72–74. doi: 10.1038/341072a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Garry R.F., Fermin C.D., Hart D.J., Alexander S.S., Donehower L.A., Luo-Zhang H. Detection of a human intracisternal A-type retroviral particle antigenically related to HIV. Science. 1990;250:1127–1129. doi: 10.1126/science.1701273. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Fox R. Epstein-Barr virus and human autoimmune diseases: Possibilities and pitalls. J. Virol. Methods. 1988;21:19–27. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(88)90049-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Maini R.N. The relationship of Sjögren's syndrome to rheumatoid arthritis. In: Talal N., Moutsopoulos H.M., Kassan S.S., editors. Sjögren's Syndrome: Clinical and Immunological Aspects. Springer-Verlag; Berlin: 1987. pp. 165–176. [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Venables P.J.W., Teo C.G., Baboonian C., Griffin B.E., Hughes R.A., Maini R.N. Persistence of Epstein-Barr virus in salivary gland biopsies from healthy individuals and patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1989;75:359–364. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Tabbara K.F., Frayha R.A. Alternate-day steroid therapy for patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Ann. Ophthalmol. 1983;15:358–361. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 27.Prijot E., Bazin L., Destexhe B. Essai de traitment hormonal de la keratoconjonctivite seche. Bull. Soc. Belge Ophthalmol. 1972;162:795–800. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Drosos A.A., Skopouli F.N., Galanopoulou K., Kitridou R.C., Moutsopoulos H.M. Cyclosporin A therapy in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: Results at one year. Scand. J. Rheum. Suppl. 1986;61:246–249. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 29.Nasu M., Matsubara O., Yamamoto H. Post-mortem prevalence of lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrymal gland: A comparative study in autoimmune and nonautoimmune diseases. J. Pathol. 1984;143:11–15. doi: 10.1002/path.1711430104. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 30.Carlsten H., Tarkowski A., Holmdahl R., Nilsson L.A. Oestrogen is a potent disease accelerator in SLE-prone MRL lpr/lpr mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1990;80:467–473. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1990.tb03311.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 31.Ahmed S.A., Aufdemorte T.B., Chen J.R., Montoya A.I., Olive D., Talal N. Estrogen induces the development of autoantibodies and promotes salivary gland lymphoid infiltrates in normal mice. J. Autoimmun. 1989;2:543–552. doi: 10.1016/0896-8411(89)90187-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 32.Frost-Larsen K., Isager H., Manthorpe R. Sjögren's syndrome treated with bromhexine: a randomized clinical study. Br. Med. J. 1978;1:1579–1581. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.6127.1579. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 33.Gilbard J.P., Rossi S.R., Heyda K.G., Dartt D.A. Stimulation of tear secretion and treatment of dry-eye disease with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Arch. Ophthalmol. 1991;109:672–676. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1991.01080050086035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 34.Manthorpe R., Petersen S.H., Prause J.U. Mucosolvan in the treatment of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol. 1984;62:537–541. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1984.tb03965.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 35.Kriegbaum N.J., von Linstow M., Oxholm P., Prause J.U. A follow-up study of the progress of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and response to treatment in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 1989;18:193–196. doi: 10.3109/03009748909099928. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 36.Raveche E.S., Steinberg A.D. Sex hormones in autoimmunity. In: Berczi I., editor. Pituitary Function and Immunity. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL: 1986. pp. 283–301. [Google Scholar]
  • 37.Ahmed S.A., Talal N. Sex hormones and the immune system. 2. Animal data. Bailliere's Clin. Rheum. 1990;4:13–31. doi: 10.1016/s0950-3579(05)80241-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 38.Roubinian J.R., Talal N., Greenspan J.S., Goodman J.R., Siiteri P.K. Effect of castration and sex-hormone treatment on survival, anti-nucleic acid antibodies, and glomerulonephritis in NZB/NZW F1 mice. J. Exp. Med. 1978;147:1568–1583. doi: 10.1084/jem.147.6.1568. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 39.Melez K.A., Boegel W.A., Steinberg A.D. Therapeutic studies in New Zealand mice. VII. Successful androgen treatment of NZB/NZW FI females of different ages. Arthritis Rheum. 1980;23:41–47. doi: 10.1002/art.1780230108. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 40.Nelson J.L., Steinberg A.D. Sex steroids, autoimmunity, and autoimmune diseases. In: Berczi I., Kovacs K., editors. Hormones and Immunity. MTP Press Limited; Lancaster, England: 1987. pp. 93–119. [Google Scholar]
  • 41.Shear H.L., Wofsy D., Talal N. Effects of castration and sex hormones on immune clearance and autoimmune disease in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr and MRL/Mp-+/+ mice. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1983;26:361–369. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(83)90120-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 42.Ansar Ahmed S., Young P.R., Penhale W.J. Beneficial effect of testosterone in the treatment of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in rats. J. Immunol. 1986;136:143–147. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 43.Allen J.B., Blatter D., Calandrea G.B., Wilder R.L. Sex hormonal effects on the severity of streptococcal cell wall induced polyarthritis in the rat. Arthritis Rheum. 1983;26:560–565. doi: 10.1002/art.1780260418. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 44.Ahn Y.S., Harrington W.J., Simon S.R., Mylvagnam R., Pall L.M., So A.G. Danazol for the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. N. Engl. J. Med. 1983;308:1396–1399. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198306093082306. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 45.Sullivan D.A. Hormonal influence on the secretory immune system of the eye. In: Berczi I., editor. The Neuroendocrine-Immune Network. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL: 1990. pp. 199–238. [Google Scholar]
  • 46.Sullivan, D. A., and Sato, E. H., Immunology of the lacrimal gland. In “Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology” (D. M. Albert, and F. A. Jakobiec, Eds.), Saunders, Philadelphia, in press.
  • 47.Frankel S.H., Ellis P.P. Effect of oral contraceptives on tear production. Ann. Ophthalmol. 1978;10:1585–1588. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 48.Valde G., Ghini M., Gammi L., Passarini M., Schiavi L. Effets des contraceptifs oraux triphases sur la secretion lacrymale. Ophtalmologie. 1988;2:129–130. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 49.MacDonald T.T., Challacombe S.J., Bland P.W., Stokes C.R., Heatley R.V., McI Mowat A., editors. Advances in Mucosal Immunology. Kluwer Academic Publishers; London: 1990. pp. 1–948. [Google Scholar]
  • 50.Sullivan D.A., Bloch K.J., Allansmith M.R. Hormonal influence on the secretory immune system of the eye: Androgen regulation of secretory component levels in rat tears. J. Immunol. 1984;132:1130–1135. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 51.Sullivan D.A., Bloch K.J., Allansmith M.R. Hormonal influence on the secretory immune system of the eye: Androgen control of secretory component production by the rat exorbital gland. Immunology. 1984;52:239–246. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 52.Sullivan D.A., Allansmith M.R. Hormonal influence on the secretory immune system of the eye: Androgen modulation of IgA levels in tears of rats. J. Immunol. 1985;134:2978–2982. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 53.Sullivan D.A., Hann L.E., Vaerman J.P. Selectivity, specificity and kinetics of the androgen regulation of the ocular secretory immune system. Immunol. Invest. 1988;17:183–194. doi: 10.3109/08820138809052959. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 54.Sullivan D.A., Hann L.E. Hormonal influence on the secretory immune system of the eye: Endocrine impact on the lacrimal gland accumulation and secretion of IgA and IgG. J. Steroid Biochem. 1989;34:253–262. doi: 10.1016/0022-4731(89)90089-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 55.Sullivan D.A., Kelleher R.S., Vaerman J.P., Hann L.E. Androgen regulation of secretory component synthesis by lacrimal gland acinar cells in vitro. J. Immunol. 1990;145:4238–4244. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 56.Sullivan D.A., Allansmith M.R. Hormonal influence on the secretory immune system of the eye: Endocrine interactions in the control of IgA and secretory component levels in tears of rats. Immunology. 1987;60:337–343. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 57.Sullivan D.A. Influence of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis on the androgen regulation of the ocular secretory immune system. J. Steroid Biochem. 1988;30:429–433. doi: 10.1016/0022-4731(88)90136-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 58.Kelleher R.S., Hann L.E., Edwards J.A., Sullivan D.A. Endocrine, neural and immune control of secretory component output by lacrimal gland acinar cells. J. Immunol. 1991;146:3405–3412. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 59.Hann L.E., Kelleher R.S., Sullivan D.A. Influence of culture conditions on the androgen control of secretory component production by acinar cells from the lacrimal gland. Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 1991;32:2610–2621. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 60.Ariga H., Edwards J., Sullivan D.A. Androgen control of autoimmune expression in lacrimal glands of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1989;53:499–508. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(89)90011-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 61.Vendramini A.C., Soo C.H., Sullivan D.A. Testosterone-induced suppression of autoimmune disease in lacrimal tissue of a mouse model (NZB/NZW F1) of Sjögren's syndrome. Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 1991;32:3002–3006. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 62.Appelmans M. La Keratto-conjonctivite seche de Gougerot-Sjögren. Arch. Ophtalmol. 1948;81:577–588. [Google Scholar]
  • 63.Bruckner R. Uber einem erfolgreich mit perandren behandelten fall von Sjogren'schem symptomen komplex. Ophthalmologica. 1945;110:37–42. doi: 10.1159/000300255. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 64.Bizzarro A., Valentini G., Di Martino G., Daponte A., De Bellis A., Iacono G. Influence of testosterone therapy on clinical and immunological features of autoimmune diseases associated with Klinefelter's syndrome. J. Clin. Endocr. Metabol. 1987;64:32–36. doi: 10.1210/jcem-64-1-32. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 65.Hoffman R.W., Alspaugh M.A., Waggie K.S., Durham J.B., Walker S.E. Sjögren's syndrome in MRL/l and MRL/n mice. Arthritis Rheum. 1984;27:157–165. doi: 10.1002/art.1780270206. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 66.Jabs D.A., Alexander E.L., Green W.R. Ocular inflammation in autoimmune MRL/Mp mice. Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 1985;26:1223–1229. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 67.Kessler H.S. A laboratory model for Sjögren's syndrome. Am. J. Pathol. 1968;52:671–678. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 68.Celenligil H., Kansu E., Ruacan S., Eratalay K. Secretory immune system and mucosal immunohistology in Sjögren's syndrome. Adv. Exp. Biol. Med. 1987;216B:1641–1648. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 69.Lahita R.G., Bradlow H.L., Ginzler E., Pang S., New M. Low plasma androgens in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1987;30:241–248. doi: 10.1002/art.1780300301. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 70.Lavalle C., Loyo E., Paniagua R., Bermudez J.A., Herrera J., Graef A., Gonzalez-Barcena D., Fraga A. Correlation study between prolactin and androgens in male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Rheumatol. 1987;14:268–272. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 71.Drosos A.A., Vliet-Dascalopoulou E., Andonopoulos A.P., Galanopoulou V., Skopouli F.N., Moutsopoulos H.M. Nandrolone decanoate (deca-durabolin) in primary Sjögren's syndrome: A double blind study. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 1988;6:53–57. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 72.Hene R.J., Kruize A., Kater L., Gmelig F.H.J., Oei H.Y. Lack of clinical effect of the androgenic steroid nandrolone on primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 1991;9:338. [Google Scholar]
  • 73.Steinberg A.D., Roths J.B., Murphy E.D., Steinberg R.T., Raveche E.S. Effects of thymectomy or androgen administration upon the autoimmune disease of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. J. Immunol. 1980;125:871–873. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 74.Brick J.E., Walker S.E., Wise K.S. Hormone control of autoantibodies to calf thymus nuclear extract (CTE) and DNA in MRL-lpr and MRL-+/+ mice. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1988;46:68–81. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(88)90007-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 75.Sawada K., Noumura T. Effects of castration and sex steroids on sexually dimorphic development of the mouse submandibular gland. Acta Anat. 1991;140:97–103. doi: 10.1159/000147042. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 76.Jabs D.A., Prendergast R.A. Murine models of Sjögren's syndrome. Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 1988;29:1437–1443. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 77.Jonsson R.L., Tarkowski A., Backman K., Klareskog L. Immunohistochemical characterization of sialadenitis in NZB × NZW F1 mice. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1987;42:93–101. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(87)90176-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 78.Fox R.I., Adamson T.C., Fong S., Young C., Howell F.V. Characterization of the phenotype and function of lymphocytes infiltrating the salivary gland in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Diagn. Immunol. 1983;1:233–239. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 79.McKenzie W.N., Sunderrajan E.V., Kavanaugh J.L., Braun S.R., Ansbacher L., Walker S.E. Sex hormones modulate the response of pulmonary perivascular inflammation to cyclophosphamide therapy in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice. Am. J. Pathol. 1988;131:530–538. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 80.Connolly K.M., Stecher V.J., Snyder B.W., Bohnet E., Potts G.O. The effect of danazol in the MRL/lpr mouse model of autoimmune disease. Agents Actions. 1988;25:164–170. doi: 10.1007/BF01969108. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 81.Mountz J.D., Smith H.R., Wilder R.L., Reeves J.P., Steinberg A.D. CS-A therapy in MRL-lpr/lpr mice: Amelioration of immunopathology despite autoantibody production. J. Immunol. 1987;138:157–163. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 82.Carlsten H., Holmdahl R., Tarkowski A., Nilsson L.A. Oestradiol- and testosterone-mediated effects on the immune system in normal and autoimmune mice are genetically linked and inherited as dominant traits. Immunology. 1989;68:209–214. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 83.Michalski J.P., McCombs C.C., Roubinian J.R., Talal N. Effect of androgen therapy on survival and suppressor cell activity in aged NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1983;52:229–233. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 84.Olsen N.J., Watson M.B., Kovacs W.J. Studies of immunological function in mice with defective androgen action: Distinction between alterations in immune function due to hormonal insensitivity and alterations due to other genetic factors. Immunology. 1991;73:52–57. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 85.Weisz-Carrington P., Roux M.E., McWilliams M., Phillips Quagliata J.M., Lamm M.E. 2nd ed. Vol. 75. 1978. Hormonal induction of the secretory immune system in the mammary gland; pp. 2928–2932. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 86.Danel L., Menouni M., Cohen J.H.M., Magaud J.P., Lenoir G., Revillard J.P., Saez S. Distribution of androgen and estrogen receptors among lymphoid and haemopoietic cell lines. Leukemia Res. 1985;9:1373–1378. doi: 10.1016/0145-2126(85)90125-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 87.Takeda H., Chodak G., Mutchnik S., Nakamoto T., Chang C. Immunohistochemical localization of androgen receptors with mono- and polyclonal antibodies to androgen receptor. J. Endocrinol. 1990;126:17–25. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1260017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 88.Dalavanga Y.A., Detrick B., Hooks J.J., Drosos A.A., Moutsopoulos H.M. Effect of cyclosporin A (CyA) on the immunopathological lesion of the labial minor salivary glands from patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 1987;46:89–92. doi: 10.1136/ard.46.2.89. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 89.Jevnikar A.M., Wuthrich R.P., Takei F., Xu H.W., Brennan D.C., Glimcher L.H., Rubin-Kelley V.E. Differing regulation and function of ICAM-1 and class II antigens on renal tubular cells. Kidney Int. 1990;38:417–425. doi: 10.1038/ki.1990.221. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 90.Berczi I. Neurohormonal-immune interaction. In: Kovacs K., Asa S., editors. Functional Endocrine Pathology. Blackwell; Edinburgh: 1990. pp. 990–1004. [Google Scholar]
  • 91.Berczi I., Nagy E. Effects of hypophysectomy on immune function. In: Ader R., Felten D.L., Cohen N., editors. Psychoneuroimmunology II. Academic Press; San Diego: 1991. pp. 339–375. [Google Scholar]
  • 92.Ota M., Kyakumoto S., Nemoto T. Demonstration and characterization of cytosol androgen receptor in rat exorbital lacrimal gland. Biochem. Int. 1985;10:129–135. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 93.Stimson W.H., Crilly P.J. Effects of steroids on the secretion of immunoregulatory factors by thymic epithelial cell cultures. Immunology. 1981;44:401–407. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 94.Brown W.R., Kloppel T.M. The liver and IgA: Immunological, cell biological and clinical implications. Hepatology. 1989;9:763–784. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840090518. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 95.Wilson T., Christie D.L. Gravidin, an endogenous inhibitor of phospholipase A2 activity, is a secretory component of IgA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1991;176:447–452. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)90944-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 96.Mestecky J., McGhee J.R. Immunoglobulin A (IgA): Molecular and cellular interactions involved in IgA biosynthesis and immune response. Adv. Immunol. 1987;40:153–245. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60240-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 97.Childers N.K., Bruce M.G., McGhee J.R. Molecular mechanisms of immunoglobulin A defense. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 1989;43:503–536. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.43.100189.002443. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 98.Freier S., editor. The Neuroendocrine-Immune Network. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL: 1990. pp. 1–266. [Google Scholar]
  • 99.Hadden J.W., Masek K., Nistico G., editors. Interactions among Central Nervous System, Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems. Pythagora Press; Rome: 1989. pp. 1–464. [Google Scholar]
  • 100.Ader R., Felten D.L., Cohen N., editors. Psychoneuroimmunology. 2nd ed. Academic Press; San Diego: 1991. pp. 1–1248. [Google Scholar]
  • 101.D'Orisio S., Panerai A., editors. Neuropeptides and Immunopeptides: Messengers in a Neuroimmune Axis. N.Y. Acad. Sci; New York: 1990. pp. 1–499. [Google Scholar]
  • 102.Hann L.E., Tatro J., Sullivan D.A. Morphology and function of lacrimal gland acinar cells in primary culture. Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 1989;30:145–158. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 103.Sullivan D.A., Hann L.E., Soo C.H., Yee L., Edwards J.A., Allansmith M.R. Neural-immune interrelationship: Effect of optic, sympathetic, temporofacial or sensory denervation on the secretory immune system of the lacrimal gland. Reg. Immunol. 1991;3:204–212. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 104.Amstey M.S. Effect of pregnancy hormones on herpesvirus and other deoxyribonucleic acid viruses. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1977;129:159–163. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(77)90738-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 105.Herbort C.P., Weissman S.S., Payan D.G. Role of peptidergic neurons in ocular herpes simplex infection in mice. FASEB J. 1989;3:2537–2541. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.3.13.2553522. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 106.Ijaz M.K., Dent D., Babiuk L.A. Neuroimmunomodulation of in vivo anti-rotavirus humoral immune response. J. Neuroimmunol. 1990;26:159–171. doi: 10.1016/0165-5728(90)90087-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 107.Sato E.H., Ariga H., Sullivan D.A. Impact of androgen therapy in Sjögren's syndrome: hormonal influence on lymphocyte populations and Ia expression in lacrimal glands of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1992 in press. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES