Abstract
The effect of relative humidity (RH) and temperature on the survival of airborne bovine rotavirus UK isolate (BRV-UK) and a murine rotavirus (MRV) was studied. In any one experiment, the virus under test was suspended in tryptose phosphate broth (TPB) supplemented with uranine (physical tracer) and an antifoam, was aerosolized using a Collison nebulizer into the rotating drum with the RH at either low (30 ± 5%), medium (50 + 5%) or high (80 ± 5%) level at 20 ± 1°C. Following a 15-min period of viral aerosol stabilization, sequential samples of drum air were collected using an All-Glass Impinger (AGI) for 24 h post-aerosolization. Both of the rotavirus isolates were found to survive best at medium RH level and high RH was found least favorable for the survival of these aerosolized rotaviruses. The survival pattern of aerosolized MRV was found to be the best when compared with survival pattern of all animal and human rotavirus isolates studies performed under aerosolized conditions in our laboratory. The findings of these experiments confirm and extend our previous reports on the survival of other animal and human aerosolized rotaviruses and emphasize the fact that air may be one of the vehicles for their dissemination and could explain why it is difficult to control nosocomial outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis and to keep animal colonies rotavirus-free.
Keywords: Rotaviruses, viral aerosols, rotavirus transmission, bovine rotavirus, murine rotavirus
Résumé
On a étudié ici les effets de l'humidité relative (RH) et de la température sur la survie du rotavirus bovin isolé, dans l'air ambiant, au Royaume-Uni (BRV-UK) et d'un rotavirus murin (MRV). Pour chaque expérience, le virus testé était placé dans un bouillon de culture de tryptose phosphate (TPB) supplémenté en uranine (marqueur physique) et en agent antimoussant, puis était mis en suspension aérosole à l'intérieur du tambour rotateur grâce au nébuliseur de Collinson, à une humidité relative, soit faible (30 ± 5%), soit moyenne (50 ± 5%), soit forte (80 ± 5%) et à une température de 20 ± 1°C. Une fois la suspension aérosole virale stabilisée au bout de 15 min, et pendant les 24 h suivant la nébulisation, des prélèvements d'air à l'intérieur du tambour étaient régulièrement effectués, grâce à un “All Glass Impinger” (AGI). On a alors observé que les deux virus isolés survivaient mieux à une humidité relative moyenne alors qu'une forte RH était la moins favorable à la survie en milieu aérosol des rotavirus. On a remarqué que le type de MRV ayant survécu en condition aérosole était celui correspondant le mieux aux rotavirus des animaux et de l'homme, déjà isolé dans notre laboratoire aux cours d'études en milieu aérosol. Les résultats de ces expériences confirment et complètent nos compte-rendus précédents sur la survie en suspension dans l'air des rotavirus d'autres animaux et de l'Homme; cela renforce l'idée que l'air pourrait être un des agents de leur dissémination, et pourrait expliquer pourquoi il est difficile d'endiguer l'apparition nosocomiale de gastro-entérites à rotavirus et de protéger de ces rotavirus les allotements de'animaux.
Mots-clé: Rotavirus, aerosols viraux, transmission, rotavirus bovin, rotavirus de muridés
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