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. 2002 Nov 14;4(2):175–189. doi: 10.1016/0147-9571(81)90003-5

Antibody-mediated enhancement of disease in feline infectious peritonitis: Comparisons with dengue hemorrhagic fever☆

Rôle des anticorps dans l'aggravation de la péritonite infectieux feline (comparaisons avec une fiévre hémorragique, la dengue)

Richard C Weiss 1,†, Fredric W Scott 1
PMCID: PMC7134169  PMID: 6754243

Abstract

Non-immune kittens passively immunized with feline serum containing high-titered antibodies reactive with feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) developed a more rapid disease after FIPV challenge than did kittens pretreated with FIPV antibody-negative serum. Antibody-sensitized, FIPV challenged—kittens developed earlier clinical signs (including pyrexia, icterus, and thrombocytopenia) and died more rapidly than did non-sensitized, FIPV-challenged kittens. Mean survival time in sensitized kittens was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared to non-sensitized kittens (mean ± SEM, 10.0 ± 0.6 days vs. 28.8 ± 8.3 days, respectively). Lesions induced included fibrinous peritonitis, disseminated pyogranulomatous inflammation and necrotizing phlebitis and periphlebitis. FIPV antigen, immunoglobulin G, complement (C3) and fibrinogen were demonstrated in lesions by immunofluorescence microscopy.

The pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in persons bears striking resemblance to that of FIP in experimental kittens. In both FIP and DHF, non-neutralizing antibody may promote acute disease by enhancement of virus infection in mononuclear phagocytes or by formation of immune complexes, activation of complement and secondary vascular disturbances.

Keywords: (FIP), Feline infectious peritonitis; (DHF), dengue hemorrhagic fever; immunopathology; immunofluorescence; passive immunity

Footnotes

☆

This study was performed in partial fulfillment by the senior author for a PhD thesis at Cornell University. Support for the study was obtained from private contributions to the Cornell Feline Health Center and a grant from Pitman-Moore, Inc., Washington Crossing, New Jersey.

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