Skip to main content
Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 2015 Jan 13;31(3):455–472. doi: 10.1016/S0195-5616(01)50602-6

Feline Vaccination Guidelines

James Richards 1,2,*, Ilona Rodan 1,2
PMCID: PMC7134452  PMID: 11446098

Abstract

The 1998 Report of the American Association of Feline Practitioners and Academy of Feline Medicine Advisory Panel on Feline Vaccines was developed to help veterinary practitioners formulate vaccination protocols for cats. The current panel report updates information, addresses questions, and speaks to concerns raised by the 1998 report. In addition it reviews vaccine licensing, labeling, and liability issues and suggests ways to successfully incorporate vaccination protocol changes into a private practice setting.

References

  • 1.Addie D.D., Jarrett O. A study of naturally occurring feline coronavirus infections in kittens. Vet Rec. 1992;130:133–137. doi: 10.1136/vr.130.7.133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Barr S.C. Enteric protozoal infections. In: Greene C.E., editor. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. ed 2. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: 1998. pp. 482–491. [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Bennett D., Gaskell R.M., Mills A. Detection of feline calicivirus antigens in the joints of infected cats. Vet Rec. 1989;124:329–332. doi: 10.1136/vr.124.13.329. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Bergman J.E., Vernooij J., Zegers E.M. Prevalence of antibodies against Bordetella bronchi-septica in cats with a history of respiratory disease. Vet Q. 1997;19(suppl):S50–51. doi: 10.1080/01652176.1997.9694809. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Binns S.H., Dawson S., Speakman A.J. Prevalence and risk factors for feline Bordetella bronchiseptica infection. Vet Rec. 1999;144:575–580. doi: 10.1136/vr.144.21.575. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Bowman D. Feline giardiasis. CFHC Information Bulletin. 1994;13:1–3. [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Church R. Lameness in kittens after vaccination. Vet Rec. 1989;125:609. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Coutts A.J., Dawson S., Binns S. Studies on natural transmission of Bordetella bronchiseptica in cats. Vet Microbiol. 1996;48:19–27. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(95)00128-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Dawson S., Gaskell R.M. Problems with respiratory virus vaccination in cats. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet. 1993;15:1347–1354. [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Dawson S., Bennett D., Carter S.D. Acute arthritis of cats associated with feline calicivirus infection. Res Vet Sci. 1994;56:133–143. doi: 10.1016/0034-5288(94)90095-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Dawson S., McArdle F., Bennett D. Investigation of vaccine reactions and breakdowns after feline calicivirus vaccination. Vet Rec. 1993;132:346–350. doi: 10.1136/vr.132.14.346. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.de Lahunta A. Comments on cerebellar ataxia and its congenital transmission in cats by feline panleukopenia virus. JAVMA. 1971;158:901–906. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Edwards D., Elston T., Loar A. American Association of Feline Practitioners Meeting; Nashville TN: 1996. American Association of Feline Practitioners and the Academy of Feline Medicine recommendations for feline leukemia virus testing and recommendations for feline immunodeficiency virus testing. [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Elston T., Rodan I., Flemming D. 1998 Report of the American Association of Feline Practitioners and Academy of Feline Medicine Advisory Panel on Feline Vaccines. JAVMA. 1998;212:227–241. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Foley J.E., Pedersen N.C. The inheritance of susceptibility to feline infectious peritonitis in purebred catteries. Feline Pract. 1996;24:14–22. [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Foley J.E., Poland A., Carlson J. Patterns of feline corona virus infection and fecal shedding from cats in multiple-cat environments. JAVMA. 1997;210:1307–1312. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Ford R.B. Viral upper respiratory infection in cats. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet. 1991;13:593–602. [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Ford R.B., Levy J.K. Infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. In: Sherding R.G., editor. The Cat: Diseases and Clinical Management. Churchill Livingstone; New York: 1994. pp. 489–500. [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Gerber J.D., Ingersoll J.D., Gast A.M. Protection against feline infectious peritonitis by intranasal inoculation of temperature-sensitive FIPV vaccine. Vaccine. 1990;8:536–542. doi: 10.1016/0264-410X(90)90004-6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Greene C.E. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. ed 2. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: 1998. Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy; pp. 717–750. [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Greene C.E., Dreesen D.W. Rabies. In: Greene C.E., editor. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Ca. ed 2. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: 1998. pp. 114–126. [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Harpold L.M., Legendre A.M., Kennedy M.A. Fecal shedding of feline coronavirus in adult cats and kittens in an Abyssinian cattery. JAVMA. 1999;215:948–951. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Hoover E.A., Olsen R.G., Hardy W.D., Jr. Feline leukemia virus infection: Age-related variation in response of cats to experimental infection. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1976;57:365–369. doi: 10.1093/jnci/57.2.365. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Hoskins J.D., Taylor H.W., Lomax T.L. Independent evaluation of a modified-live feline infectious peritonitis virus-vaccine under experimental conditions (Louisiana experience) Feline Pract. 1995;23:72–73. [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Hoskins J.D., Williams J., Roy A.F. Isolation and characterization of Bordetella bronchiseptica from cats in southern Louisiana. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1998;65:173–176. doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00152-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Jenkins S.R., Auslander M., Conti L. Compendium of animal rabies prevention and control, 2000. JAVMA. 2000;216:338–343. doi: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.216. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 27.Johnson R.P., Povey R.C. Vaccination against feline viral rhinotracheitis in kittens with maternally derived feline viral rhinotracheitis antibodies. JAVMA. 1985;186:149–152. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Kass P.H., Barnes W.G., Spangler W.L. Epidemiologic evidence for a causal relation between vaccination and fibrosarcoma tumorigenesis in cats. JAVMA. 1993;203:396–405. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 29.Krebs J.W., Smith J.S., Rupprecht C.E. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1997. JAVMA. 1998;213:1713–1728. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 30.Lappin M.R. Protozoal and miscellaneous infections. In: Ettinger S.J., Feldman E.C., editors. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. ed 5. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: 2000. pp. 408–417. [Google Scholar]
  • 31.Leib M.S., Zajac A.M. Giardia: diagnosis and treatment. In: Bonagura J.D., Kirk R.W., editors. Current Veterinary Therapy XII. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: 1995. pp. 716–720. [Google Scholar]
  • 32.Leib M.S., Zajac A.M. Giardiasis in dogs and cats. Vet Med (U.S.) 1999;94:793–802. [Google Scholar]
  • 33.Levy J.K. FeLV and non-neoplastic FeLV-related disease. In: Ettinger S.J., Feldman E.C., editors. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. ed 5. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: 2000. pp. 424–432. [Google Scholar]
  • 34.Macy D.W., Chretin J. Local postvaccinal reactions of a recombinant rabies vaccine. Vet Forum. 1999;16:44–49. [Google Scholar]
  • 35.Macy D.W., Hendrick M.J. The potential role of inflammation in the development of postvaccinal sarcomas in cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1996;26:103–109. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(96)50009-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 36.McArdle F., Tennant B., Bennett M. Independent evaluation of a modified-live FIPV vaccine under experimental conditions (University of Liverpool experience) Feline Pract. 1995;23:67–71. [Google Scholar]
  • 37.McArdle H.C., Dawson S., Coutts A.J. Seroprevalence and isolation rate of Bordetella bronchiseptica in cats in the UK. Vet Rec. 1994;135:506–507. doi: 10.1136/vr.135.21.506. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 38.Moriello K.A., DeBoer D.J. Dermatophytosis: Advances in therapy and control. In: August J.R., editor. Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine. ed 3. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: 1997. pp. 177–190. [Google Scholar]
  • 39.Olson L., Larson L., Schultz R. Canine parvovirus (CPV-2b) infection in cats. Proceedings of the 79th Annual Meeting—Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, IL, November 8–10; 1998. [Google Scholar]
  • 40.Pedersen N.C. Basic and clinical immunology. In: Holzworth J., editor. Diseases of the Cat: Medicine and Surgery. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: 1987. pp. 146–181. [Google Scholar]
  • 41.Pedersen N.C. Common infectious diseases of multi-cat environments. In: Pratt P.W., editor. Feline Husbandry: Diseases and Management in the Multi-Cat Environment. American Veterinary Publications; Goleta, CA: 1991. pp. 163–288. [Google Scholar]
  • 42.Pedersen N.C. Feline Infectious Diseases. American Veterinary Publications; Goleta, CA: 1988. Feline calicivirus infection. pp 61–67. [Google Scholar]
  • 43.Pedersen N.C. An overview of feline enteric coronavirus and infectious peritonitis virus-infections. Feline Pract. 1995;23:7–20. [Google Scholar]
  • 44.Pollock R.V.H., Postorino N.C. Feline panleukopenia and other enteric viral diseases. In: Sherding R.G., editor. The Cat: Diseases and Clinical Management. Churchill Livingstone; New York: 1994. pp. 479–487. [Google Scholar]
  • 45.Reubel G.H., Hoffmann D.E., Pedersen N.C. Acute and chronic faucitis of domestic cats. A feline calicivirus-induced disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1992;22:1347–1360. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(92)50131-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 46.Richards J.R. Feline sarcoma task-force meets. JAVMA. 1997;210:310–311. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 47.Scott F. Viral diseases: Panleukopenia. In: Holzworth J., editor. Diseases of the Cat: Medicine and Surgery. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: 1987. pp. 182–193. [Google Scholar]
  • 48.Scott F.W., Geissinger C. Duration of immunity in cats vaccinated with an inactivated feline panleukopenia, herpesvirus, and calicivirus vaccine. Feline Pract. 1997;25:12–19. [Google Scholar]
  • 49.Scott F.W., Geissinger C.M. Long-term immunity in cats vaccinated with an inactivated trivalent vaccine. Am J Vet Res. 1999;60:652–658. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 50.Scott F.W., Glsen C.W., Corapi W.V. Antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection. Feline Pract. 1995;23:77–80. [Google Scholar]
  • 51.Scott F.W., Corapi W.V., Olsen C.W. Independent evaluation of a modified-live FIPV vaccine under experimental conditions (Cornell experience) Feline Pract. 1995;23:74–76. [Google Scholar]
  • 52.Sharp N.J.H., Davis B.J., Guy J.S. Hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia in two kittens attributed to intrauterine parvovirus infection. J Comp Pathol. 1999;121:39–53. doi: 10.1053/jcpa.1998.0298. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 53.Sparkes A.H. Feline leukemia virus—a review of immunity and vaccination. J Small Anim Pract. 1997;38:187–194. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1997.tb03339.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 54.Speakman A.J., Dawson S., Binns S.H. Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in the cat. J Small Anim Pract. 1999;40:252–256. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1999.tb03074.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 55.Starr R.M. Reaction rate in cats vaccinated with a new controlled-titer feline panleuko-penia-rhinotracheitis-calicivirus-Chlamydia psittaci vaccine. Cornell Vet. 1993;83:311–323. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 56.Sykes J.E., Anderson G.A., Studdert V.P. Prevalence of feline Chlamydia psittaci and feline herpesvirus 1 in cats with upper respiratory tract disease. J Vet Intern Med. 1999;13:153–162. doi: 10.1892/0891-6640(1999)013<0153:pofpaf>2.3.co;2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 57.Tenorio A.P., Franti C.E., Madewell B.R. Chronic oral infections of cats and their relationship to persistent oral carriage of feline calici-, immunodeficiency, or leukemia viruses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1991;29:1–14. doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(91)90048-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 58.Vennema H., Poland A., Hawkins K.F. A comparison of the genomes of FECVs and FIPVs and what they tell us about the relationships between feline coronaviruses and their evolution. Feline Pract. 1995;23:40–44. [Google Scholar]
  • 59.Vennema H., Poland A., Foley J. Feline infectious peritonitis viruses arise by mutation from endemic feline enteric coronaviruses. Virology. 1998;243:150–157. doi: 10.1006/viro.1998.9045. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 60.Welsh R.D. Bordetella bronchiseptica infections in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1996;32:153–158. doi: 10.5326/15473317-32-2-153. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 61.Wills J., Howard P., Gruffydd-Jones T. Prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci in different cat populations in Britain. J Small Anim Pract. 1988;29:327–339. [Google Scholar]
  • 62.Wolf A.M. Other feline viral diseases. In: Ettinger S.J., Feldman E.C., editors. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. ed 5. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: 2000. pp. 444–453. [Google Scholar]
  • 63.Zajac A.M. Giardiasis. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet. 1992;14:604–611. [Google Scholar]
  • 64.Zajac A.M. Giardiasis. In: August J.R., editor. Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine. ed 2. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: 1994. pp. 83–86. [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES