Summary
In vitro studies were undertaken to examine the effects of non-immune porcine peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) on a Coronavirus infection due to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). The assay consisted of TGEV-infected epithelial cells expressing viral antigens on the cell surface and producing low amounts of interferon (IFN). Non-immune PBL were found to limit virus replication at an effector-to-target ratio of 100/1 even when effector cells were depleted of phagocytic cells. Neutralizing anti-IFN antibodies did not abrogate the effect. PBL from newborn animals were as effective as adult cells, whereas fibroepithelial cells, human and mouse lymphoid cells did not exert antiviral effects. Under similar conditions, PBL from adult animals could lyse TGEV-infected cells even in the presence of anti-IFN antibodies. However, newborn PBL were not cytotoxic. Moreover, depletion of NK cells by monoclonal antibodies plus complement did not alter the inhibitory effect. These latter observations suggest that virus multiplication-inhibition effects and cytotoxic (or NK) activities are unrelated.
Key-words: Coronavirus, TGEV, Cytotoxicity, Lymphocyte; Interferon, Pig
Résumé
Nous avons entrepris d’étudier in vitro les effets de leucocytes sanguins de porcs non immuns sur l’infection par le coronavirus de la gastroentérite transmissible (get). En l’absence de lymphocytes, le virus get se réplique dans des cellules épithéliales, induisant l’expression d’antigènes viraux de surface et la production de faibles quantités d’interféron (IFN). Des lymphocytes non immuns, mis en présence de cellules infectées, sont en mesure de limiter la multiplication virale quand ils sont utilisés à un rapport effecteur sur cibles de 100 et cela, même quand les cellules effectrices sont appauvries en cellules phagocytaires. Des anticorps anti-IFN neutralisants n’empêchent pas cet effet. Les lymphocytes d’animaux nouveaux-nés sont aussi actifs que ceux des adultes, alors que des cellules fibroépithéliales et des cellules lymphoïdes humaines ou murines n’ont aucun effet antiviral. Dans les mêmes conditions, des lymphocytes provenant d’animaux adultes détruisent des cellules infectées par le virus get, même en présence d’anticorps anti-IFN. Cependant, puisque les lymphocytes de nouveaux-nés ne sont pas cytotoxiques et que la destruction des cellules NK par anticorps monoclonal plus complément ne modifie pas l’effet inhibiteur, il apparaît que cet effet antiviral n’est pas dû aux fonctions cytotoxiques (NK) des lymphocytes. La nature du mécanisme responsable de l’effet antiviral décrit dans cet article reste donc à élucider.
Mots-clés: Coronavirus, TGEV, Cytotoxicité, Lymphocyte; Porc, Interféron
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