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. 2016 Jan 6;13(3):455–469. doi: 10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30308-X

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis, Parainfluenza-3, and Respiratory Coronavirus

Sanjay Kapil 1,*, Randall J Basaraba 1
PMCID: PMC7135389  PMID: 9368989

Abstract

A number of viruses have been proven to be primary respiratory pathogens of cattle. Viruses may play an important role in making cattle susceptible to secondary respiratory bacterial pathogens. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and important properties in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), parainfluenza-3 (PI-3), and bovine respiratory coronavirus (BRCV) are described in this article.

Footnotes

This work was supported in part by grants to SK and RJB from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. This is publication number 97-268-B from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station.

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