Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 2003 Aug 27;2(3):347–352. doi: 10.1016/0952-7915(89)90140-4

Immunity to viruses

A Zurbriggen 1, RS Fujinami 1
PMCID: PMC7135515  PMID: 2483882

The content is available as a PDF (965.8 KB).

References

  • 1.Schijns V.E., Borman T.H., Schellekens H., Horzinek M.C. Antiviral activity of recombinant rat interferon gamma in immunologically impaired and immunosupressed rats. J Gen Virol. 1989;69:1979–1985. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-8-1979. Of interest. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; IFNγ may directly inhibit virus replication in the cell without stimulation of the immune system.
  • 2.Maier K., Gabriel P., Koscielniak E., Stierhof Y.-D., Wiedmann K.H., Flehmig B., Vallbracht A. Human gamma interferon production by cytotoxic T lymphocytes sensitized during hepatitis A virus infection. J Virol. 1988;62:3756–3763. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.10.3756-3763.1988. Of interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; HAV-infected fibroblasts and peripheral blood lymphocytes from HAV-infected patients showed the induction of virus-specific T cells, which secrete HAV-specific human IFNγ.
  • 3.Anderson K.P., Fennie E.H., Yilma T. Enhancement of a secondary antibody response to vesicular stomatitis virus “G” protein by IFN-γ treatment at primary immunization. J Immunol. 1988;140:3599–3604. Of interest. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Administration of IFNγ enhanced the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies after VSV infection.
  • 4.Chen X.-Z., Yun J.S., Wagner T.E. Enhanced viral resistence in transgenic mice expressing the human beta 1 interferon. J Virol. 1988;62:3883–3887. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.10.3883-3887.1988. Of interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Transgenic mice expressing human IFNβ in their serum showed an enhanced resistance to pseudorabies virus infection.
  • 5.Kerry J.A., Tymms M.J., Linnane A.W. Conserved amino acid residues arginine 33 and tyrosine 123 are critical for the antiviral activity of murine interferon-α1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988;155:714–719. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80553-9. Of interest. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Using oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis, 2 conserved amino-acid residues could be determined. An arginine at position 33 and a tyrosine at 123 were important in maintaining an antiviral activity of IFNα in 1292 cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus.
  • 6.Goble A.E., Funa K., Alm G.V. Different induction patterns of mRNA for IFN-α and -β in human mononuclear leukocytes after in vitro stimulation with herpes simplex virus infected fibroblasts and sendai virus. J Immunol. 1988;140:3605–3609. Of interest. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Diverse kinetics and appearance of IFNα and IFNβ messenger RNAs after in vitro stimulation with a DNA and an RNA virus, HSV and SV, were demonstrated.
  • 7.King N.J., Kesson A.M. Interferon-dependent increases in class I major histocompatibility complex antigen expression follow flavivirus infection. J Gen Virol. 1988;69:2535–2543. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-10-2535. Of interest. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; MHC class I expression by fibroblasts infected with flavivirus was dependent on cellular RNA synthesis, as determined by actinomycin D treatment.
  • 8.Kohl S., Loo L.S. Use of interleukin-2 and macrophages to treat herpes simplex virus infection in neonatal mice. J Infect Dis. 1988;157:1187–1192. doi: 10.1093/infdis/157.6.1187. Of interest. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; A combination of both macrophages and IL-2 was required for protection of neonatal mice against HSV infection.
  • 9.Wu L., Ilonen J., Mäkelä M.J., Salonen R., Marusyk R., Salmi L.U. Impaired interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 production following in vitro abortive infection of murine spleen mononuclear cells by Semliki forest virus. Cell Immunol. 1988;116:112–122. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(88)90214-6. Of interest. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Abortive Semliki Forest virus infection of murine spleen macrophages decreases the production of IL-1 and, thus, IL-2 levels.
  • 10.Kapasi K., Rice G.P.A. Cytomegalovirus infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells: effects on interleukin-1 and -2 production and responsiveness. J Virol. 1988;62:3603–3607. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.10.3603-3607.1988. Of interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; An abortive infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with cytomegalovirus resulted in reduced synthesis of IL-1 and IL-2. Exogenously added IL-1 and IL-2 could not restore the proliferative response of cytomegalovirus-infected lymphocytes and monocytes to mitogens.
  • 11.Goldfeld A.E., Maniatis T. Vol. 86. 1989. Coordinate viral induction of tumor necrosis factor α and interferon β in human B cells and monocytes; pp. 1490–1494. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA). Of interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; TNFs are synthesized primarily in stimulated macrophages and stimulated B cells.
  • 12.Ruggiero V., Antonelli G., Conciatori G., Van Damme J., Dianzani F. The in vitro antiviral activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in WISH cells is mediated by IFN-β induction. Antiviral Res. 1989;11:77–88. doi: 10.1016/0166-3542(89)90010-7. Of interest. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; TNF is able to protect human WISH cells from the cytopathic effects of VSV. Pretreatment with TNF, which could activate IFNβ, was required for this antiviral activity.
  • 13.Feduchi E., Alonso M.A., Carrasco L. Human gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor exert a synergistic blockade on the replication of herpes simplex virus. J Virol. 1989;63:1354–1359. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.3.1354-1359.1989. Of interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Demonstration that the antiviral activity of TNF as well as that of IFNγ was enhanced if they were used in combination.
  • 14.Matsuyama T., Hamamoto T.Y., Soma G.-I., Mizuno D., Yamamoto N. Cytocidal effect of tumor necrosis factor on cells chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): enhancement of HIV replication. J Virol. 1989;63:2504–2509. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.6.2504-2509.1989. Of interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; TNF could chronically lyse HIV-infected cells in vitro. Additionally, virus replication in vitro increased shortly after exposure to TNF.
  • 15.Roux-Lombard P., Modoux C., Cruchaud A., Dayer J.-M. Purified blood monocytes from HIV 1-infected patients produce high levels of TNFα and IL-1. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1989;50:374–384. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(89)90144-x. Of interest. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Production of TNFα and IL-1 in cultured peripheral blood monocytes from AIDS patients was measured. TNFα levels in symptomatic HIV-1-infected patients were significantly higher, and the levels of IL-1 were only slightly increased, compared with normal controls.
  • 16.Ito M., Baba M., Sato A., Hirabayashi K., Tanabe M., Shigeta S., De Clercq E. Tumor necrosis factor enhances replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989;158:307–312. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(89)80213-x. Of interest. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; An enhanced cytopathogenicity of HIV-1 and enhanced HIV antigen expression in TNF-treated MOLT-4 cells was demonstrated.
  • 17.Folks T.M., Clouse K.A., Justement J., Rabson A., Duh E., Kehrl J.H., Fauci A.S. Vol. 86. 1989. Tumor necrosis factor α induces expression of human immunodeficiency virus in a chronically infected T-cell clone; pp. 2365–2368. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA). Of interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; TNFα induced the expression of HIV in a chronically infected T-cell clone, as determined by the activity of reverse transcriptase.
  • 18.Del Val M., Volkmer H., Rothbard J.B., Jonjić S., Messerle M., Schickedanz J., Reddehase M.J., Koszinowski U.H. Molecular basis for cytolytic T-lymphocyte recognition of the murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early protein pp89. J Virol. 1988;62:3965–3972. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.11.3965-3972.1988. Of outstanding interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; The antigenicity and immunogenicity of a single domain of murine cytomegalovirus protein pp89, cloned into recombinant vaccinia virus expression vectors, was determined by studying vaccinia virus vectors expressing various deletion mutants. Administration of the above recombinant vaccinia virus constructs to Balb/c mice protected them against a lethal cytomegalovirus infection.
  • 19.Oldstone M.B.A., Whitton J.L., Lewicki H., Tishon A. Fine dissection of a nine amino acid glycoprotein epitope, a major determinant, recognized by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific class 1-restricted H-2Db cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1988;168:559–570. doi: 10.1084/jem.168.2.559. Of outstanding interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Definition of a discrete viral protein sequence responsible for MHC H-2Db, but not H-2Kb, restricted CTL recognition.
  • 20.Townsend A., Öhlén C., Bastin J., Ljunggren H.-G., Foster L., Kärre K. Association of class I major histocompatibility heavy and light chains induced by viral peptides. Nature. 1989;340:443–448. doi: 10.1038/340443a0. Of interest. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Viral peptides can influence the association of class 1 and 2 microglobulin. This has major implications for virus recognition.
  • 21.Yasukawa M., Inatsuki A., Kobayashi Y. Helper activity in antigen-specific antibody production mediated by CD4 human cytotoxic T cell clones directed against herpes simplex virus. J Immunol. 1988;140:3419–3425. Of outstanding interest. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; CD4+ T cells can simultaneously stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and lyse infected cells.
  • 22.Scherle P.A., Gerhard W. Vol. 85. 1988. Differential ability of B cells specific for external vs. internal influenza virus proteins to respond to help from influenza virus-specific T-cell clones in vivo; pp. 4446–4450. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA). Of interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; B cell recognizing influenza virus surface antigen can receive help from TH cells specific for an influenza virus protein, including internal viral proteins, whereas B cells recognizing internal influenza virus proteins are restricted to aid from TH cells specific for the same processed internal viral protein.
  • 23.De Vries P., Uytdehaag F.G.C.M., Osterhaus A.D.M.E. Canine distemper virus (CDV) immune-stimulating complexes (isocoms), but not measles virus iscoms, protect dogs against CDV infection. J Gen Virol. 1988;69:2071–2083. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-8-2071. Of interest. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; ISCOMS containing canine distemper virus surface proteins induced neutralizing antibodies which protected animals from a virulent challenge.
  • 24.Ishii H., Kobayashi Y., Kuroki M., Kodama Y. Protection of mice from lethal infection with Aujeszky's disease virus by immunization with purified gVI. J Gen Virol. 1988;69:1411–1414. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-6-1411. Of interest. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Purified envelope glycoprotein of Aujeszky's disease virus induced virus-specific neutralizing antibodies and protected mice against a virus challenge.
  • 25.Talbot P.J., Dionne G., Lacroix M. Vaccination against lethal coronavirus-induced encephalitis with a synthetic decapeptide homologous to a domain in the predicted peplomer stalk. J Virol. 1988;62:3032–3036. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.8.3032-3036.1988. Of interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Small chemically synthesized oligopeptides homologous to the external spike glycoprotein of murine hepatitis virus induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and protected mice from a lethal virus infection.
  • 26.Taniguchi K., Hoshino Y., Nishikawa K., Green K.Y., Maloy W.L., Morita Y., Urasawa S., Kapikian A.Z., Chanock R.M., Gorziglia M. Cross-reactive and serotype-specific neutralization epitopes on VP7 of human rotavirus: nucleotide sequence analysis of antigenic mutants selected with monoclonal antibodies. J Virol. 1988;62:1870–1874. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.6.1870-1874.1988. Of interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Neutralizing epitopes of rotaviruses were determined by evaluating the nucleotide sequence of antigenic mutants resistant to neutralization by mAbs.
  • 27.Pfaff E., Thiel H.-J., Beck E., Strohmaier K., Schaller H. Analysis of neutralizing epitopes on foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Virol. 1988;62:2033–2040. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.6.2033-2040.1988. Of interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Epitopes involved in neutralization of foot-and-mouth-disease virus were determined.
  • 28.Zurbriggen A., Fujiami R.S. A neutralization resistant Theiler's virus variant produces an altered disease pattern in the mouse central nervous system. J Virol. 1989;63:1505–1513. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.4.1505-1513.1989. Of outstanding interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; A neutralizing epitope in TMEV VP-1 is important in determining neurovirulence.
  • 29.Murray M.G., Bradley J., Yang X.F., Moss E.G., Racanielloo V.R. Polivirus host range is determined by a short amino acid sequence in neutralization antigenic site I. Science. 1988;241:213–215. doi: 10.1126/science.2838906. Of outstanding interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; A short amino-acid sequence corresponding to a neutralization antigenic site I in the mouse-adapted Lansing strain of poliovirus type 2 was described to define the host range.
  • 30.Gould A.R., Hyatt A.D., Eaton B.T. Morphogenesis of a bluetongue virus variant with an amino acid alteration site in the outer coat protein, VP2. Virology. 1988;165:23–32. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90654-x. Of interest. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; Neutralization-resistant virus variants were used to study intracellular viral morphogenesis in vitro.
  • 31.McGuire T.C., Norton L.K., O'Rourke K.I., Cheevers W.P. Antigenic variation of neutralization-sensitive epitopes of caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus during persitent arthritis. J Virol. 1988;62:3488–3492. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.9.3488-3492.1988. Of interest. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; A delayed neutralizing antibody response and the appearance of virus variants which escape neutralization could allow caprine arthritis—encephalitis virus persistence in goats.

Articles from Current Opinion in Immunology are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES