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. 2007 Nov 24;2007(396):61–73. [Article in French] doi: 10.1016/S1773-035X(07)80365-0

Infections respiratoires virales émergentes

Vincent Foulongne a, Michel Segondy a
PMCID: PMC7140287  PMID: 32288803

Résumé

Les infections respiratoires virales sont des affections particulièrement fréquentes et de sévérité variable. Ces dernières années, les progrès des techniques de biologie moléculaire ont permis d'identifier des virus respiratoires présents depuis longtemps chez l'homme mais jusqu'alors inconnus. II s'agit notamment du metapneumovirus humain (HMPV), des < nouveaux > coronavirus humains HCoV-NL63 HCoV-NH et HCoV-HK, du bocavirus humain (HBoV) et des nouveaux polyomavirus humains KI et WU. A côté de ces virus nouvellement identifiés, on a pu observer au cours de ces dernières années l'émergence chez l'homme de nouveaux virus responsables d'infections respiratoires. Ces virus récemment introduits dans l'espèce humaine proviennent d'un réservoir animal. IIs présentent généralement un pouvoir pathogène majeur avec un taux élevé de mortalité. Ces virus sont les henipavirus (virus Hendra et Nipah), les hantavirus du nouveau monde responsables du syndrome pulmonaire à hantavirus, le coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SARS-CoV) et le virus de la grippe aviaire H5N1. Ce dernier virus fait planer la menace d'une pandémie meurtriére faisant ressurgir le spectre de la grippe espagnole de 1918–1919, responsable de 20 à 50 millions de morts

Keywords: Infections respiratoires, metapneumovirus, bocavirus, coronavirus, henipavirus, hantavirus, polyomavirus, SRAS, grippe aviaire H5N1

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