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. 2020 Mar 5;9(3):626. doi: 10.3390/cells9030626

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Proposed model for Frq1 and Frq2 to co-function in B. bassiana. (A) Possible changes in nuclear expression levels (rhythms) of Frq1 and Frq2 in a circadian day of different photoperiods. Nuclear and cytoplasmic accumulation levels of Frq1::GFP or Frq2::GFP in TS1 or TS2 and those of each fusion protein in the absence of the other frq (shown in Figure 2) were averaged on each sampling occasion during time-course exposure to light or dark. Error bar: SD of the mean from six replicates. (B) Dynamics of total FRQ (mean of Frq1 and Frq2) levels in nucleus and cytoplasm. Note that accumulation level of total FRQ in nucleus fluctuates in a narrow range and is most stable at the median time point (arrowed) of a circadian day irrespective of photoperiod change. Error bar: standard error (nuclear) or SD (cytoplamic) of the mean from 12 replicates. (C) Proposed model for Frq1 and Frq2 to function on alternate duty in the nucleus in the presence of FRH. Either Frq1 or Frq2 works alone for a period, co-works with the other for another period, and then disappears in nucleus irrespective of a day beginning from daytime or nighttime.