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Schematic diagram summarizes the mechanism whereby Apelin upregulates VEGF expression in human synovial fibroblasts. APLN induces VEGF expression and angiogenesis through the FAK/Src/Akt signaling cascade and reduces miR-150-5p expression in OASFs. FAK: focal adhesion kinase; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; EPCs: Human endothelial progenitor cells.
