Table 1.
The expression of galectins and their main functions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA).
| Galectin | Role | Expression | Functions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gal1 | Pro-tumoral | Stroma | Increase cell proliferation | [58,61,62,64,65,66,67,68] |
| Induce migration and invasion | [58,61,65,66,67,68] | |||
| Enhance angiogenesis | [62,65] | |||
| Immune evasion | [57,62,65,69] | |||
| Induce acinar to ductal metaplasia | [62] | |||
| Gal3 | Pro-tumoral | Tumor epithelial cells | Increase tumor cell growth | [74,76,78,79,80,81] |
| Increase migration and invasion | [74,76,78,79,80,81] | |||
| Immune escape | [38,88] | |||
| Gal4 | Tumor suppressor | Tumor epithelial cells | Decrease migration and invasion | [49,90,91] |
| Gal9 | Pro-tumoral | Tumor epithelial cells | Immune reprogramming | [40,94] |