Table 1.
The miRNAs involved in viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs), their pathways, and the targets that they regulate [2, 83]
| Virus | miRNAs | Pathways and targets |
|---|---|---|
| RV | miR-23b |
Pathways: Cancer, Inflammation Targets: SPRY2 |
| miR-128 |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Cancer, Inflammation Targets: BMI1, BAX |
|
| miR-155 |
Pathways: NFKβ, IRFs, Inflammation Mediators, Macrophage Inflammatory Response, Vascular Inflammation, Interleukins, TLRs pathways Targets: TNF, TAK1, IKKϵ, SOCS1, RIPK1, IRAK3, IKBKE, IRF8, SMAD5 |
|
| RSV | let-7b |
Pathways: Innate immune response, Cancer Targets: CASP3, SMAD2, SMAD4, TGFBR1, IL10, STAT3, TLR4 |
| let-7d |
Pathways: IL6 / STAT3 Signaling Targets: CASP3, SMAD2, SMAD4, TGFBR1, IL10, STAT3, TLR4 |
|
| let-7i |
Pathways: Cancer, Innate immune response Targets: CASP3, SMAD2, SMAD4, TGFBR1, IL10, STAT3, TLR4. |
|
| miR-24 |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Cell proliferation Targets: E2F2, Myc, INK4a, CASP9 |
|
| miR-26b |
Pathways: Inflammatory Response (IL-1), Pro-apoptotic, Cancer Targets: SMAD1, SMAD4, PTEN, TAF12 |
|
| miR-27a |
Pathways: Pro-apoptotic, Cancer, Wnt signalling pathway Targets: IL10, SOCS6 |
|
| miR-27b |
Pathways: Cancer, Innate immune response Targets: IL10, SOCS6, EGFR |
|
| miR-29c |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Wnt signalling pathway Targets: IL12B, CD276 |
|
| miR-30b |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Inflammation, Cancer Targets: TP53 |
|
| miR-31 |
Pathways: Pro-apoptotic, Cancer (tumour suppressor miRNA) Targets: TIAM1, p53 |
|
| miR-34b |
Pathways: Tumor suppressor, p53 pathway Targets: TP53, SIRT1 |
|
| miR-34c |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Cancer, Inflammation, p53 pathway Targets: TP53, SIRT1 |
|
| miR-125a |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Cancer, Inflammatory Responses Targets: MTOR, SMAD2, SMAD4, TNF, AGO2, IL6R, MYD88, TGFBR1, TP53 |
|
| miR-125b |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Cancer, Regulate TNFα Targets: TNF, IL6R, AGO2, MYD88 |
|
| miR-198 |
Pathways: Cancer, Cell proliferation Targets: ROCK1, SHMT1 |
|
| miR-203a |
Pathways: Inflammation Mediators, Apoptosis, Cancer, Targets: BCL2L2, p63, SOCS3, AP-1 |
|
| miR-429 |
Pathways: Cell cycle, Insulin signaling Targets: STAT4, TGFB2, TGFBR1 |
|
| miR-520a-5p |
Pathways: Innate immune response Targets: RELA, TGFBR2 |
|
| hMPV | let-7f |
Pathways: Cancer, Innate immune response Targets: CASP3, SMAD2, SMAD4, TGFBR1, IL10, STAT3, TLR4 |
| miR-16 |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Cancer, Inflammation Targets: MAPK3, MCL1, MYB |
|
| miR-30a |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Inflammation, Cancer Targets: TP53, UGT8 |
|
| miR-192 |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Cancer Targets: CD67, TYMS |
|
| IV | let-7c |
Pathways: IL6 / STAT3 Signaling, Apoptosis, Cancer Targets: CASP3, SMAD2, SMAD4, TGFBR1, IL10, STAT3, TLR4 |
| miR-17-3p |
Pathways: Cancer, apoptosis Targets: CASP7, ATM, MAPK9 |
|
| miR-221 |
Pathways: Pro-apoptotic, Cell migration, Proliferation, Oncogenic Targets: CD117, KIT, STAT5A |
|
| miR-323 |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Proliferation Targets: KIT, STAT3 |
|
| miR-491 |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Cell viability Targets: BCL2L1 |
|
| HcoV | miR-9 |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Cancer, Innate immune response, NFKβ Targets: NFKB1, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, PRDM1 |
| miR-98 |
Pathways: Anti-apoptotic, Cancer, Cytokines, Inflammation Targets: CASP3, IL10, KRAS, MYC, Ras, SMAD2, SMAD4, STAT3, TGFBR1, TLR4 |
|
| miR-214 |
Pathways: Apoptosis, Cancer, Autoimmune Disorders Targets: AP-2, MAPK8 |
|
| miR-223 |
Pathways: Interferons & Receptors, Interleukins Targets: E2F1, IGF1R |