Table 1.
Demographic and exposure histories for 97 sanitary workers from Spain, comparing statistical differences between Bartonella PCR-positive and PCR-negative individuals.
| Demographics and Travel | PCR+ n = 19 (%) |
PCR− n = 78 (%) |
U/OR | 95% CI | p-Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) Median Mean Minimum Maximum |
35.0 36.8 21 55 |
39.5 41.2 21 64 |
U = 527.5 | 0.174 | |
|
Gender Female Male |
13 (68.4%) 6 (31.6%) |
53 (67.9%) 25 (32.1%) |
0.978 | 0.272–3.169 | 1 |
|
Housing Urban Peri-urban Rural area/farm Rural area/forest |
15 (78.9%) 4 (21.1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) |
62 (79.5%) 11 (14.1%) 3 (3.8%) 1 (1.3%) |
0.798 | ||
|
Clinical condition Healthy Persistent/chronic disease Infectious disease |
17 (89.5%) 1 (5.3%) 2 (10.5%) |
66 (84.6%) 13 (16.7%) 8 (10.3%) |
1.539 0.280 1.029 |
0.297–15.463 0.006–2.118 0.098–5.852 |
0.731 0.291 1 |
|
Clinical features Persistent fever Fatigue Insomnia Sleepiness Memory problems Headache Irritability Anxiety Depression Tremor Vision impairment Eye pain Balance problems Bladder dysfunction Shortness of breath Tachycardia Poor appetite Weight gain Chronic diarrhea Corticosteroid treatment |
0 (0%) 2 (10.5%) 0 (0%) 1 (5.3%) 0 (0%) 3 (15.8%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0(0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (5.3%) 0 (0%) 1 (5.3%) 0 (0%) 2 (10.5%) |
3 (3.8%) 4 (5.1%) 8 (10.3%) 1 (1.3%) 1 (1.3%) 16 (20.5%) 3 (3.8%) 2 (2.6%) 0 (0%) 2 (2.6%) 0 (0%) 2 (2.6%) 1 (1.3%) 1 (1.3%) 1 (1.3%) 2 (2.6%) 2 (2.6%) 3 (3.8%) 1 (1.3%) 5 (6.4%) |
0 2.156 0 4.191 0 0.729 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 0 0 2.092 0 1.384 0 1.707 |
0–10.152 0.181–16.520 0–2.388 0.052–339.02 0–159.708 0.121–3.029 0–10.152 0–22.196 - 0–22.196 - 0–22.196 0–159.708 0–159.708 0–159.708 0.034–42.27 0–22.196 0.025–18.428 0–159.708 0.150–11.573 |
1 0.334 0.349 0.355 1 0.758 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 1 0.484 1 1 1 0.620 |
|
Allergy Autoimmune disease Dried fruits Metals Food Animals Lactose Mites Pollen |
3 (15.8%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (10.5%) 0 (0%) 1 (5.3%) 1 (5.3%) |
26 (33.3%) 1 (1.3%) 2 (2.6%) 3 (3.8%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 4 (5.1%) 12 (15.4%) |
0.378 0 0 0 - 8.762 - 1.027 0.308 |
0.065–1.498 0–159.708 0–22.196 0–10.152 - 0.433–538.98 - 0.020–11.243 0.007–2.358 |
0.169 1 1 1 - 0.097 - 1 0.453 |
|
Pets Dogs Cats Birds |
13 (68.4%) 10 (52.6%) 6 (31.6%) 3 (15.8%) |
50 (64.1%) 35 (44.9%) 26 (33.3%) 21 (26.9%) |
1.211 1.361 0.924 0.512 |
0.377–4.333 0.442–4.252 0.257–2.983 0.087–2.063 |
0.794 0.613 1 0.387 |
|
Arthropod exposure Fleas Ticks Lice Bed bugs |
4 (21.1%) 4 (21.1%) 3 (15.8%) 0 (0%) |
32 (41.0%) 29 (37.2%) 20 (25.6%) 5 (6.4%) |
0.387 0.454 0.547 0 |
0.085–1.367 0.100–1.612 0.093–2.213 0–4.559 |
0.121 0.280 0.549 0.580 |
|
Animal exposure Dogs Cats |
4 (21.1%) 3 (15.8%) |
17 (21.8%) 10 (12.8%) |
0.957 1.272 |
0.204–3.571 0.202–2.756 |
1 0.715 |
|
Animal scratches and/or bites Dogs Cats Birds |
2 (10.5%) 4 (21.1%) 1 (5.3%) |
15 (19.2%) 17 (22.8%) 5 (6.4%) |
0.497 0.957 0.813 |
0.050–2.488 0.204–3.571 0.016–7.945 |
0.511 1 1 |
|
Outdoors activities Trekking Hunting Fishing Agriculture Gardening |
5 (26.3%) 0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (10.5%) |
44 (56.4%) 0 3 (3.8%) 8 (10.3%) 19 (24.4%) |
0.280 - 0 0 0.368 |
0.072–0.924 - 0–10.152 0–2.388 0.038–1.792 |
0.022 - 1 0.349 0.231 |
|
Travel out of Spain Other European countries North America Central America South America Asia Africa Australia/New Zealand |
15 (78.9%) 8 (42.1%) 7 (36.8%) 2 (10.5%) 4 (21.1%) 4 (21.1%) 0 (0%) |
66 (84.6%) 28 (35.9%) 28 (35.9%) 16 (20.5%) 13 (16.7%) 8 (10.3%) 5 (6.4%) |
0.685 1.295 1.041 0.459 1.329 2.309 0 |
0.173–3.319 0.401–4.030 0.310–3.270 0.047–2.277 0.277–5.167 0.450–10.081 0–4.559 |
0.510 0.609 1 0.512 0.737 0.243 0.580 |
Percentages may not total 100% if participants checked more than one category. U is statistic of the Mann–Whitney test. OR is the odds ratio. Percentages are relative to the group (PCR+ or PCR−).