Diagram 1.

Proposed Structural and Conceptual Integration of One Health into Pandemic Planning in Singapore (also see Lai & Tan, op. cit. note 44). On the left of the solid line is the existing Singapore pandemic framework engaging a Whole‐of‐Government response that is defined by Public Health. The National Environment Agency coordinates the monitoring of human sentinel events (unidirectional arrows), thereby initiating various security functions and actions by the Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) and Ministry of Health (MoH). Outside of this framework (left), is a box indicating additional Ministries and statutory bodies that would be engaged depending on the circumstances of the pandemic. On the right of the solid line is the animal‐mediated response that would identify further sentinel events impacting on human health (unidirectional arrows). One Health is depicted as a circle encompassing all areas, integrating Public Health and Animal Health; and as engaging with the Whole‐of‐Government response with a wider resource and knowledge base that is potentially outside of the existing framework, shown by the boxes at the bottom of the diagram. Of particular importance to One Health is the bidirectional and equal weighted (arrowed) interaction between Public Health and Animal Health.