The content is available as a PDF (618.7 KB).
References
- 1. Aberg N, Aberg B, Alestig K. The effect of inhaled and intranasal sodium cromoglycate on symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. Clin Exp Allergy 1996. (in press). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2. Johnston SL, Holgate ST. Epidemiology of viral respiratory tract infections In: Myint S, Taylor–Robinson D, eds. Viral and other infections of the human respiratory tract. London : Chapman & Hall, 1996: p 1–38. [Google Scholar]
- 3. Johnston SL, Pattemore PK, Sanderson S et al. Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9–11 year old children. Br Med J 1995; 310:1225–8. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4. Nicholson KG, Kent J, Ireland DC. Respiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults. Br Med J 1993; 307:982–6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5. Naclerio RM, Proud D, Lichtenstein LM et al. Kinins are generated in experimental rhinovirus colds. J Infect Dis 1988; 157:133–45. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6. Naclerio RM, Proud D, Kagey‐Sobotka A et al. Is histamine responsible for the symptoms of rhinovirus colds? A look at the inflammatory mediators following infection. Paediatr Infect Dis J 1988; 7:219–22. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7. Bardin PG, Johnston SL, Pattemore PK. Viruses as precipitants of asthma symptoms II. Physiology and mechanisms. Clin Exp Allergy 1992; 22:809–22. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8. Thomas LH, Come JM, Johnston SL et al. Integrin clustering causes increased histamine release (HR) from basophils of patients with symptomatic colds. FASEB J 1995; 9:A1046. [Google Scholar]
- 9. Igarashi Y, Skoner DP, Doyle WJ et al. Analysis of nasal secretions during experimental rhinovirus upper respiratory infections. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993; 92:722–31. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10. Lau LCK, Corne JM, Scott SJ et al. Nasal cytokines in common cold. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (abstract) 1996; 153;A697. [Google Scholar]
- 11. Volovitz B, Welliver RC, De Castro G et al. The release of leukotrienes in the respiratory tract during infection with respiratory syncytial virus: role in obstructive airway disease. Pediatr Res 1988; 24:504–7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12. Thomas LH, Corne JM, Johnston SL et al. Changes in circulatory leukocyte responses during symptomatic colds. Proceedings of AAAI/ATS asthma meeting, Chicago , Illinois , July 1995. p. 23.
- 13. Levandowski RA, Weaver CW, Jackson GG. Nasal‐secretion leukocyte populations determined by flow cytometry during acute rhinovirus infection. J Med Virol 1988; 25:423–32. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 14. Winther B, Farr B, Turner RB. Histopathologic examination and enumeration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the nasal mucosa during experimental rhinovirus colds. Acta Otolaryngologica Supplement (Stockholm) 1984; 413:19–24. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 15. Fraenkel DJ, Bardin PG, Sanderson G et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of nasal biopsies during rhinovirus experimental colds. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 10:1130–36. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 16. Teran L, Johnston SL, Schröder J‐M et al. Relationship of interleukin‐8 to neutrophil influx in naturally occurring colds in asthmatic children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; submitted.
- 17. Fraenkel DJ, Bardin PG, Sanderson G et al. Lower airways inflammatory response during rhinovirus colds in normal and asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:879–86. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 18. Seminario M‐C, Squillace D, Bardin PG et al. Increased levels of eosinophil major basic protein in nasal secretions in rhinovirus infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 95:259. [Google Scholar]
- 19. Heymann PW, Rakes GP, Hogan AD et al. Assessment of eosinophils viruses and IgE antibody in wheezing infants and children. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1995; 107:380–2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 20. Einarsson O, Geba GP, Panuska JR et al. Asthma‐associated viruses specifically induce lung stromal cells to produce interleukin‐11, a mediator of airways hyperreactivity. Chest 1995; 107:132–38. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 21. Teran LM, Johnston SL, Holgate ST. Immunoreactive RANTES and MIP‐lα are increased in the nasal aspirates of children with virus‐associated asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:A385. [Google Scholar]
- 22. Taylor CE, Webb MSC, Milner AD et al. Interferon alfa, infectious virus, and virus antigen secretion in respiratory syncytial virus infections of graded severity. Arch Dis Child 1989; 64:1656–60. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 23. Johnston SL. unpublished observations.
- 24. Kharitonov SA, Yates D, Barnes PJ. Increased nitric oxide in inhaled air of normal human subjects with upper respiratory tract infections. Eur Respir J 1995; 8:295–7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 25. Hemilä H, Herman ZS. Vitamin C and the common cold: a retrospective analysis of Chalmers' review. J Am Coll Nutrition 1995; 14:116–23. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 26. Tyrrell D, Barrow I, Arthur J. Local hyperthermia benefits natural and experimental common colds. Br Med J 1989; 298:1280–3. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 27. Sperber SJ, Hayden FG. Chemotherapy of rhinovirus colds. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother 1988; 32:409–19. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 28. Douglas RM, Moore BW, Miles HB et al. Prophylactic efficacy of intranasal alpha2‐interferon against rhinovirus infections in the family setting. N Engl J Med 1986; 314:65–70. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 29. Johnston SL, Bardin PG, Pattemore PK. Viruses as precipitants of asthma symptoms III. Rhinoviruses: molecular biology and prospects for future intervention. Clin Exp Allergy 1993; 23:237–46. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 30. Kaplan G, Peters D, Racaniello VR. Poliovirus mutants resistant to neutralization with soluble cell receptors. Science 1990; 250:1596–99. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 31. Alwan WH, Kozlowska WJ, Openshaw PJM. Distinct types of lung disease caused by functional subsets of antiviral T cells. J Exp Med 1994; 179:81–9. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 32. Farr B, Gwaltney JM Jnr, Hendley JO et al. A randomized controlled trial of glucocorticoid prophylaxis against experimental rhinovirus infection. J Infect Dis 1990; 162:1173–7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 33. Wilson NW, Silverman M. Treatment of acute, episodic asthma in preschool children using intermittent high dose inhaled steroids at home. Arch Dis Child 1990; 65:407–10. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 34. Connett G, Lenney W. Prevention of viral induced asthma attacks using inhaled budesonide. Arch Dis Child 1993; 68:85–7. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 35. Stick SM, Burton PR, Clough JB et al. The effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate on lung function and histamine responsiveness in recurrently wheezy infants. Arch Dis Child 1995; 73:327–32. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 36. Wilson N, Sloper K, Silverman M. Effect of continuous treatment with topical corticosteroid on episodic viral wheeze in preschool children. Arch Dis Child 1995; 72:317–20. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 37. Doull IJM, Lampe F, Holgate ST. Effect of regular inhaled corticosteroids on episodes of viral associated wheezing in school age children Proceedings of the British Paediatric Association 1996; in press. [Google Scholar]
- 38. Eggleston PA, Hendley JO, Gwaltney JM Jr. Mediators of immediate hypersensitivity in nasal secretions during natural colds and rhinovirus infection. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1984; 413 (Suppl.):25–35. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 39. Smith TF, Remigio LK. Histamine in nasal secretions and serum may be elevated during viral respiratory tract infections. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1982; 67:380–3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 40. Crutcher JE, Kantner TR. The effectiveness of antihistamines in the common cold. Pharmacology 1981; 21:945–52. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 41. Howard JC, Kantner TR, Lilienfield LS et al. Effectiveness of antihistamines in the symptomatic management of the common cold. JAMA 1979; 242:2414–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 42. Gaffey MJ, Gwaltney JM Jnr, Sastre A. Intranasally and orally administered antihistamine treatment of experimental rhinovirus colds. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 136:556–60. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 43. Vignola AM, Crampette L, Mondain M et al. Inhibitory activity of Loratidine and decarboxoithoxyloratidine on expression of ICAM‐1 and HLA DR by nasal epithelial cells. Allergy 1995; 50:200–3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 44. Higgins PG, Barrow GI, Tyrrell DAJ et al. A study of the efiicacy of the bradykinin antagonist NPC 567 in rhinovirus infections in human volunteers. Antiviral Res 1990; 14:339–44. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 45. Gwaltney JM Jr. Combined antiviral and antimediator treatment of rhinovirus colds. J Infect Dis 1992; 166:776–782. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 46. Barrow GI, Higgins PG, Al‐Nakib W et al. The effect of intranasal nedocromil sodium on viral upper respiratory tract infection in human volunteers. Clin Exp Allergy 1990; 20:45–51. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 47. Konig P, Eigen H, Ellis MH et al. The effect of nedocromil sodium on childhood asthma during the viral season. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:1879–86. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 48. Penttinen K, Aarnio A, Hovi T. Disodium cromoglycate can inhibit virus‐induced cytopathic effects in vitro. Br Med J 1977; 1:82. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 49. Loveday DEE, Wenham RBM. Effect of disodium cromoglycate on virus‐cell systems in vitro. Br Med J 1977; 2:557–8. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]