Abstract
High throughput assays for anti‐SARS‐CoV IgG antibody detection are need for large‐scale epidemiologic studies. The performance of a microplate enzyme immunoassay, DETECT‐SARS™, was evaluated for the detection of anti‐SARS‐CoV IgG antibody. This assay is based on synthetic peptides derived from the nucleocapsid and spike proteins. The results showed that the assay provided a high degree of sensitivity (95.9%) for convalescent serum samples. The level of specificity was close to 90%, and did not show significant variation among different control groups. The high degree of sensitivity together with the high‐throughput nature makes it advantageous as a screening assay for studies where handling of a large number of specimens is required. J. Med. Virol. 74:517–520, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Keywords: coronavirus, enzyme immunoassay, IgG, SARS, serology
REFERENCES
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 2004. Severe acute respiratory syndrome. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/sars/guidance/b/pdf/app1.pdf (assessed on 3 March 2004).
- Chan PK, Ng KC, Chan RC, Lam RK, Chow VC, Hui M, Wu A, Lee N, Yap HY, Cheng FW, Sung JJ, Tam JS. 2004a. Immunofluorescence assay for serologic diagnosis of SARS. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 530–532. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chan PK, To WK, Ng KC, Lam RK, Ng TK, Chan RC, Wu A, Yu WC, Lee N, Hui DS, Lai ST, Hon EK, Li CK, Sung JJ, Tam JS. 2004b. Laboratory diagnosis of SARS. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 825–831. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen X, Zhou B, Li M, Liang X, Wang H, Yang G, Wang H, Le X. 2004a. Serology of severe acute respiratory syndrome: Implications for surveillance and outcome. J Infect Dis 189: 1158–1163. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen Z, Pei D, Jiang L, Song Y, Wang J, Wang H, Zhou D, Zhai J, Du Z, Li B, Qiu M, Han Y, Guo Z, Yang R. 2004b. Antigenicity analysis of different regions of the severe acute respiraotyr syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. Clin Chem 50: 988–995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Drosten C, Gunther S, Preiser W, van der Werf S, Brodt HR, Becker S, Rabenau H, Panning M, Kolesnikova L, Fouchier RA, Berger A, Burguiere AM, Cinatl J, Eickmann M, Escriou N, Grywna K, Kramme S, Manuguerra JC, Muller S, Rickerts V, Sturmer M, Vieth S, Klenk HD, Osterhaus AD, Schmitz H, Doerr HW. 2003. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. New Eng J Med 348: 1967–1976. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guan M, Chen HY, Foo SY, Tan YJ, Goh PY, Wee SH. 2004. Recombinant protein‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic tests for detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus in SARS patients. Clin Diag Lab Immunol 11: 287–291. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kuiken T, Fouchier RA, Schutten M, Rimmelzwaan GF, van Amerongen G, van Riel D, Laman JD, de Jong T, van Doornum G, Lim W, Ling AE, Chan PK, Tam JS, Zambon MC, Gopal R, Drosten C, van der Werf S, Escriou N, Manuguerra JC, Stohr K, Peiris JS, Osterhaus AD. 2003. Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 362: 263–270. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lu L, Manopo I, Leung BP, Chng HH, Ling AE, Chee LL, Ooi EE, Chan SW, Kwong J. 2004. Immunological characterization of the spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. L Clin Microbiol 42: 1570–1576. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marra MA, Jones SJ, Astell CR, Holt RA, Brooks‐Wilson A, Butterfield YS, Khattra J, Asano JK, Barber SA, Chan SY, Cloutier A, Coughlin SM, Freeman D, Girn N, Griffith OL, Leach SR, Mayo M, McDonald H, Montgomery SB, Pandoh PK, Petrescu AS, Robertson AG, Schein JE, Siddiqui A, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Yang GS, Plummer F, Andonov A, Artsob H, Bastien N, Bernard K, Booth TF, Bowness D, Czub M, Drebot M, Fernando L, Flick R, Garbutt M, Gray M, Grolla A, Jones S, Feldmann H, Meyers A, Kabani A, Li Y, Normand S, Stroher U, Tipples GA, Tyler S, Vogrig R, Ward D, Watson B, Brunham RC, Krajden M, Petric M, Skowronski DM, Upton C, Roper RL. 2003. The Genome sequence of the SARS‐associated coronavirus. Science 300: 1399–1404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peiris JS, Chu CM, Cheng VC, Chan KS, Hung IF, Poon LL, Law KI, Tang BS, Hon TY, Chan CS, Chan KH, Ng JS, Zheng BJ, Ng WL, Lai RW, Guan Y, Yuen KY, HKU/UCH SARS Study Group . 2003a. Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus‐associated SARS pneumonia: A prospective study. Lancet 361: 1767–1772. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peiris JS, Lai ST, Poon LL, Guan Y, Yam LY, Lim W, Nicholls J, Yee WK, Yan WW, Cheung MT, Cheng VC, Chan KH, Tsang DN, Yung RW, Ng TK, Yuen KY, SARS study group . 2003b. Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 361: 1319–1325. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Poutanen SM, Low DE, Henry B, Finkelstein S, Rose D, Green K, Tellier R, Draker R, Adachi D, Ayers M, Chan AK, Skowronski DM, Salit I, Simor AE, Slutsky AS, Doyle PW, Krajden M, Petric M, Brunham RC, McGeer AJ. 2003. Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada. New Engl J Med 348: 1995–2005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rota PA, Oberste MS, Monroe SS, Nix WA, Campagnoli R, Icenogle JP, Penaranda S, Bankamp B, Maher K, Chen MH, Tong S, Tamin A, Lowe L, Frace M, DeRisi JL, Chen Q, Wang D, Erdman DD, Peret TC, Burns C, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Sanchez A, Liffick S, Holloway B, Limor J, McCaustland K, Olsen‐Rasmussen M, Fouchier R, Gunther S, Osterhaus AD, Drosten C, Pallansch MA, Anderson LJ, Bellini WJ. 2003. Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Science 300: 1394–1399. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tang P, Louie M, Richardson SE, Smieja M, Simor AE, Jamieson F, Fearon M, Poutanen SM, Mazzulli T, Tellier R, Mahony J, Loeb M, Petrich A, Chernesky M, McGeer A, Low DE, Phillips E, Jones S, Bastien N, Li Y, Dick D, Grolla A, Fernando L, Booth TF, Henry B, Rachlis AR, Matukas LM, Rose DB, Lovinsky R, Walmsley S, Gold WL, Krajden S, Ontario Laboratory Working Group for the Rapid Diagnosis of Emerging Infections . 2004. Interpretation of diagnostic laboratory tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome: The Toronto experience. Can Med Assoc J 170: 47–54. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- World Health Organization . 2003a. Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003 (revised 25 September 2003). http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2003_09_23/en/print.html (assessed on 30 December 2003).
- World Health Organization . 2003b. Case definitions for surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). http://www.who.int/csr/sars/casedefinition/en/print.html (assessed on 14 June 2003).