Skip to main content
PMC home page
Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 2002 Nov 12;119(2):153–187. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(89)90394-3

Immunoblotting and dot blotting

DI Stott 1,∗
PMCID: PMC7172508  PMID: 2656867

The content is available as a PDF (2.9 MB).

References

  1. Adkinson M.A., Stott J.L., Osburn B.I. Identification of bluetongue virus protein-specific antibody responses in sheep by immunoblotting. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1987;48:1194. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Aebersold R.H., Teplow D.B., Hood L.E., Kent S.B.H. Electroblotting on to activated glass. High efficiency preparation of proteins from analytical sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels for direct sequence analysis. J. Biol. Chem. 1986;261:4229. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Ahmann A., Baker J.R., Weetman A.P., Wartofsky L., Nutman T.B., Burman K.D. Antibodies to porcine eye muscle in patients with Graves' opthalmopathy: identification of serum immunoglobulins directed against unique determinants by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1987;64:454. doi: 10.1210/jcem-64-3-454. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Ahmed C.A., Stott D.I., Campbell A.M. Analysis of Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Protein Antigens in Systemic Rheumatic Disease. In: Peeters H., editor. Protides of the Biological Fluids, Proc. 33rd Colloq.; 1985; Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1985. p. 205. [Google Scholar]
  5. Aitchison E.J., Lambert P.A., Smith E.G., Farrell I.D. Serodiagnosis of Streptococcus faecalis endocarditis by immunoblotting of surface protein antigens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1987;25:211. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.2.211-215.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Al-Hussami O., Godinot C., Monier J.M., Trepo C., Monier J.C. Use of immunoblotting to characterise the mitochondrial antigens recognised by anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;113:61. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90382-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Allis C.D., Ziegler Y.S., Garvosky M.A., Olmsted J.B. A conserved histone variant enriched in nucleoli of mammalian cells. Cell. 1982;31:131. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90412-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Alterman L., Bird C., Callus M., Ford A., Thorpe R. The use of monoclonal antibodies raised against a human IgE myeloma paraprotein for the study of allergen extracts and sera from allergic patients. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1987;67:617. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Andersen H., Birkelund S., Christiansen G., Freundt E.A. Electrophoretic analysis of proteins from Mycoplasma hominis strains detected by SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1987;133:181. doi: 10.1099/00221287-133-1-181. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Anderson A.B., Yuan Z.L., Haslov K., Vergmann B., Bennedsen J. Interspecies reactivity of five monoclonal antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis as examined by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1986;23:446. doi: 10.1128/jcm.23.3.446-451.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Anderson P.J. The recovery of nitrocellulose-bound protein. Anal. Biochem. 1985;148:105. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90634-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Anderson N.L., Nance S.L., Pearson T.W., Anderson N.G. Specific antiserum staining of 2-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of human plasma proteins immobilised on nitrocellulose. Electrophoresis. 1982;3:135. [Google Scholar]
  13. Aubertin A.M., Tondre L., Lopez C., Obert G., Kirn A. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-mediated transfer of electrophoretically separated DNA-binding proteins. Anal. Biochem. 1983;131:127. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90143-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Avrameas A. Coupling of enzymes to proteins with glutaraldehyde. Use of the conjugates for the detection of antigens and antibodies. Immunochemistry. 1969;6:43. doi: 10.1016/0019-2791(69)90177-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Awdeh Z.L., Williamson A.R., Askonas B.A. Isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel and its application to immunoglobulins. Nature. 1968;219:66. doi: 10.1038/219066a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Aznar C., Andre P.M., Deunff J., Robert R. Investigation of human immune response to Micropolyspora faeni antigens by enzyme-linked immunoelectrodiffusion assay and immunoblotting. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1988;26:443. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.3.443-447.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Bako G., Islam M.N., Vertes M., Farid N.R., Leovey A. Dot immunobinding assay for antibodies to TSH receptor. Radiobiol. Radiother. 1987;28:595. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Baldo B.A., Sutton R., Wrigley C.W. Grass allergens with particular reference to cereals. Prog. Allergy. 1982;30:1. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Bansal G., Martenson R.E., Leveille P., Campagnoni A.T. Characterization of a novel monoclonal antimyelin basic protein antibody: use in immunoblotting and immunohistochemical studies. J. Neuroimmunol. 1987;15:279. doi: 10.1016/0165-5728(87)90122-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Bartles J.R., Hubbard A.L. 125I-wheat germ agglutinin blotting: Increased sensitivity with polyvinylpyrrolidone quenching and periodate oxidation/reductive phenylamination. Anal. Biochem. 1984;140:284. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90166-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Battaglia M., Passarani N., Di Matteo A., Gerna G. Human enteric coronavivuses: further characterization and immunoblotting of viral proteins. J. Infect. Dis. 1987;155:140. doi: 10.1093/infdis/155.1.140. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Batteiger B., Newhall W.J., Jones R.B. The use of Tween 20 as a blocking agent in the immunological detection of proteins transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. J. Immunol. Methods. 1982;55:297. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90089-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Baumann E.A., Hand R. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation alter the structure of D2 hybrid T antigen. J. Virol. 1982;44:78. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.1.78-87.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Beisiegel U. Protein Blotting. Electrophoresis. 1986;7:1. [Google Scholar]
  25. Bennett F.C., Yeoman L.C. An improved procedure for the ‘dot immunobinding’ analysis of hybridoma supernatants. J. Immunol. Methods. 1983;61:201. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90163-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Beyer C.F. A ‘dot-immunobinding assay’ on nitrocellulose membrane for the determination of the immunoglobulin class of mouse monoclonal antibodies. J. Immunol. Methods. 1984;67:79. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90087-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Bhullar B.S., Hewitt J., Candido E.P.M. The large high mobility group proteins of rainbow trout are localised predominantly in the nucleus and nucleoli of a cultured trout cell line. J. Biol. Chem. 1981;256:8801. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Biberfeld G., Bredberg-Raden U., Bottiger B., Biberfeld P., Morfeldt-Mansson L., Suni J., Vaheri A., Saxinger C., Gallo R. Antibodies to human T lymphotropic virus type III demonstrated by a dot immunobinding assay. Scand. J. Immunol. 1985;21:289. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01432.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Bird C.R., Gearing A.J.H., Thorpe R. The use of Tween-20 alone as a blocking agent for immunoblotting can cause artefactual results. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;106:175. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90194-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Bittner M., Kupferer P., Morris C.F. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins and nucleic acids from slab gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl cellulose or nitrocellulose sheets. Analyt. Biochem. 1980;102:459. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90182-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Bjerrum O.J. Native immunoblotting of membrane proteins separated in presence of non-ionic detergent. In: Bjerrum O.J., Heegaard N.H.H., editors. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL: 1988. (Handbook of Immunoblotting of Proteins, Vol. II, Experimental and Clinical Applications). [Google Scholar]
  32. Bjerrum O.J., Heegaard N.H.H. Vol. I. CRC Press; London: 1988. Technical Descriptions. (CRC Handbook of Immunoblotting of Proteins). [Google Scholar]
  33. Bjerrum O.J., Heegaard N.H.H. Vol. II. CRC Press; London: 1988. Experimental and Clinical Applications. (CRC Handbook of Immunoblotting of Proteins). [Google Scholar]
  34. Bjorck L., Kronvall G. Purification and some properties of streptococcal protein G, a novel IgG-binding reagent. J. Immunol. 1984;133:969. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Blake M.S., Johnston K.H., Russell-Jones G.J., Gotschlich E.C. A rapid, sensitive method for detection of alkaline phosphates-conjugated anti-antibody on Western blots. Anal. Biochem. 1984;136:175. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90320-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Blangarin P., Deviller P., Kindbeiter K., Madjar J.J. Gamma heavy chain disease studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis and immuno-blotting techniques. Clin. Chem. 1984;30:2021. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Blomberg J., Klasse P.J. Specificities and sensitivities of three systems for determination of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus by electrophoretic immunoblotting. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1988;26:106. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.1.106-110.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Blumberg R.S., Hartshorn K.L., Ardman B., Kaplan J.C., Paradis T., Vogt M., Hirsch M.S., Schooley R.T. Dot immunobinding assay for detection of human immunodeficiency virus-associated antigens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1987;25:1989. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.10.1989-1992.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Bolton A.E., Hunter W.M. The labelling of proteins to high specific radioactivities by conjugation to a 125I-containing acylating agent. Biochem. J. 1973;133:529. doi: 10.1042/bj1330529. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Bonfa E., Llovet R., Elkon K. Immunoblot analysis of IgG subclasses of multiple lupus autoantibidies. J. Immunol. 1988;140:2231. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Bowen B., Steinberg J., Laemmli U.K., Weintraub H. The detection of DNA-binding proteins by protein blooting. Nucl. Acids Res. 1980;8:1. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Boyce W.M., Branstetter B.A., Kazacos K.R. Comparative analysis of larval excretory-secretory antigens of Baylisascaris procyonis, Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum by Western blotting and enzyme immunoassay. Int. J. Parasitol. 1988;18:109. doi: 10.1016/0020-7519(88)90044-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Brada D., Roth J. Golden blot - detection of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies bound to antigens on nitrocellulose by protein A-gold complexes. Anal. Biochem. 1984;142:79. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90518-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Bradbury J.M., Thompson R.J. Photoaffinity labelling of central nervous system myelin. Evidence for an endogenous type I cyclic AMP-dependent kinase phosphorylating the larger subunit of 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase. Biochem. J. 1984;221:361. doi: 10.1042/bj2210361. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Bradley W.C., Mills S.D., Preston M.A., Barton L.J., Penner J.L. Detection of lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels by transfer to nitrocellulose followed by immunoautoradiography with antibody and 125I-protein A: LPS blotting. Anal. Biochem. 1984;137:129. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90358-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Brooks R.G., Sharma S.D., Remington J.S. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii antigens by a dot-immunobinding technique. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1985;21:113. doi: 10.1128/jcm.21.1.113-116.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Brower M.S., Brakel C.L., Garry K. Immunodetection with streptavidin-acid phosphatase complex on Western blots. Anal. Biochem. 1985;147:382. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90286-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Burger J.G., Du Plessis D. Detection of partially proteolysed cauliflower mosaic virus coat protein in infected leaf tissue by Western blotting. J. Virol. Methods. 1983;7:11. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(83)90018-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Burks A.W., Jr., Brooks J.R., Sampson H.A. Allergenicity of major component proteins of soybean determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting in children with atopic dermatitis and positive soy challenges. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1988;81:1135. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(88)90881-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Burnette W.N. Western blotting: electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein. A. Anal. Biochem. 1981;112:195. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90281-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Burnie J.P., Mattews R.C. Immunoblot analysis: a new method for fingerprinting hospital pathogens. J. Immunol. Methods. 1987;100:41. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(87)90171-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Burnie J.P., Matthews R.C., Fox A., Tabaqchali S. Use of immunoblotting to identify antigenic differences between the yeast and mycelial phases of Candida albicans. J. Clin. Pathol. 1985;38:701. doi: 10.1136/jcp.38.6.701. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Butikofer P., Frenkel E.J., Ott P. Crossed immunoblotting: identification of proteins after crossed immunoelectrophoresis and electrotransfer to nitrocellulose membranes. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;84:65. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90415-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Caldwell H.D., Stewart S., Johnson S., Taylor H. Tear and serum antibody response to Chlamydia trachomatis antigens during acute chlamydial conjunctivitis in monkeys as determined by immunoblotting. Infect. Immun. 1987;55:93. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.1.93-98.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Carnow T.B., Manthorpe M., Davis G.E., Varon S. Localised survival of ciliary ganglionic neurons identifies neuronotrophic factor bands on nitrocellulose blots. J. Neurosci. 1985;5:1965. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.05-08-01965.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Carrey E.A., Hardie D.G. Mapping of radiolabelled peptides derived from proteolysis of polypeptides bound to nitrocellulose after Western blotting. Analyt. Biochem. 1986;158:431. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(86)90571-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Cevenini R., Rumpianesi F., Sambri V., La Placa M. Antigenic specificity of serological response in Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis detected by immunoblotting. J. Clin. Pathol. 1986;39:325. doi: 10.1136/jcp.39.3.325. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Chapman A.J., Alder B., Faine S. Genus-specific antigens in Leptospira revealed by immunoblotting. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. 1987;264:279. doi: 10.1016/s0176-6724(87)80046-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Chen P.P., Fong S., Normansell D., Houghten R.A., Karras J.G., Vaughan J.H., Lerner R.A., Carson D.A. Anti-hypervariable region antibody induced by a defined peptide: An approach for studying the structural correlates of idiotypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984;81:1784. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.6.1784. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Chiodi F., Bredberg-Raden U., Biberfeld G., Bottiger B., Albert J., Asjo B., Fenyo E.M., Norrby E. Radioimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting with sera of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: a comparative study. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 1987;3:165. doi: 10.1089/aid.1987.3.165. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Christie K.E., Flaegstad T., Traavik T. Characterization of BK virus-specific antibodies in human sera by Western immunoblotting: use of a zwitterionic detergent for restoring the antibody-binding capacity of electro-blotted proteins. J. Med. Virol. 1988;24:183. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890240207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Clegg J.C.S. Glycoprotein detection in nitrocellulose transfers of electrophoretically separated protein mixtures using concanavalin A and peroxidase: application to Arenavirus and Flavivirus proteins. Anal. Biochem. 1982;127:389. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90192-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Coates S.R., Hansen D., Schecter G., Slutkin G., Hopewell P., Affronti L., Echenberg D.F. Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in Seibert fractions by immunoblotting. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1986;24:126. doi: 10.1128/jcm.24.1.126-130.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Cohen G.H., Isola V.J., Kuhns J., Berman P.W., Eisenberg R.J. Localization of discontinuous epitopes of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D: use of a nondenaturing (‘native’ gel) system of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with Western blotting. J. Virol. 1986;60:157. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.1.157-166.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Coll P., Borche L., Ausina V., Mirelis B., Prats G. Dot-immunobinding assay with a monoclonal antibody for detection of group B meningococcal antigen. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1986;5:44. doi: 10.1007/BF02013461. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Costa O., Monier J.C. Antihistone antibodies detected by ELISA and immunoblotting in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol. 1986;13:722. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Costa O., Monier J.C. Antihistone antibodies detected by micro-ELISA and immunoblotting in mice with lupus-like syndrome (MRL/1, MRL/n, PN, and NZB strains) Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1986;40:276. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(86)90031-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Costa O., Tchouatcha-Tchouassom J.C., Roux B., Monier J.C. Anti-H1 histone antibodies in system lupus erythematosus: epitope localization after immunoblotting of chymotrypsin-digested H1. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1986;63:608. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Cox J.V., Schenk E.A., Olmsted J.B. Human anticentromere antibodies: distribution, characterisation of antigens and effect on microtubule organisation. Cell. 1983;35:331. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90236-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Daneels G., Moeremans M., DeRaeymaeker M., De Mey J. Sequential immunostaining (gold/silver) and complete protein staining (AuroDye) on Western blots. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;89:89. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90035-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Dao M.L. An improved method of antigen detection on nitrocellulose: in situ staining of alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibody. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;82:225. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90354-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. De Blas A.L., Cherwinski H.M. Detection of antigens on nitrocellulose paper immunoblots with monoclonal antibodies. Anal. Biochem. 1983;133:214. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90245-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. De Jongh-Leuvenink J., Vreede R.W., Marcelis J.H., De Vos M., Verhoef J. Detection of antibodies against lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli and Salmonella R and S strains by immunoblotting. Infect. Immun. 1985;50:716. doi: 10.1128/iai.50.3.716-720.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Delia S., Vullo V., Mastroianni C.M., Contini C., Massetti A.P., Cignarella L., Sorice F. Use of dot immunobinding assay (DIB) for the rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis. J. Infect. 1987;14:88. doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(87)91016-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Della-Penna D., Christoffersen R.E., Bennett A.B. Biotinylated proteins as molecular weight standards on Western blots. Anal. Biochem. 1986;152:329. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(86)90417-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Dennis-Sykes C.A., Miller W.J., McAleer W.J. A quantitative Western Blot method for protein measurement. J. Biol. Stand. 1985;13:309. doi: 10.1016/s0092-1157(85)80044-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Derer M.M., Miescher S., Johansson B., Frost H., Gordon J. Application of the dot immunoblotting assay to allergy diagnosis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1984;74:85. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(84)90093-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. De Rooij D.J., Habets W.J., Stapel S., Van de Putte J.B., Van Venrooij W.J. Clinical significance of antibodies against nuclear antigens as determined by immunoblotting. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 1985;56:93. doi: 10.3109/03009748509102068. (suppl.) [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Dietrich J.B. Use of purified antipeptide sera of selected specificity for the detection of the simian virus 40 large T antigen by Western blotting. Biosci. Rep. 1985;5:137. doi: 10.1007/BF01117060. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Dow C.A., De Aizpurua H.J., Pedersen J.S., Ungar B., Toh B.H. 65–70 KD protein identified by immunoblotting as the presumptive gastric microsomal autoantigen in pernicious anaemia. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1985;62:732. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Dresel H.A., Schettler G. Characterisation and visualization of the low density lipoprotein receptor by ligand blotting using anti-low density lipoprotein enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Electrophoresis. 1984;5:372. [Google Scholar]
  82. Dunn B.E., Blaser M.J., Snyder E.L. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of Campylobacter outer membrane proteins. Infect. Immun. 1987;55:1564. doi: 10.21236/ada265461. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Dziadek M., Richter H., Schachner M., Timpli R. Monoclonal antibodies used as probes for the structural organisation of the central region of fibronectin. FEBS Lett. 1983;155:321. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)80629-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Einarsson R. Monitoring of antibodies in patients on immunotherapy with insect venoms by immunoblotting. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 1987;83:217. doi: 10.1159/000234360. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Elkon K.B. Isoelectric focusing of human IgA and secretory proteins using thin layer agarose gels and nitrocellulose capillary blotting. J. Immunol. Methods. 1984;66:313. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90343-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Elkon K.B., Jankowski P.W. Fine specificities of autoantibodies directed against the Ro, La, Sm, RNP, and J-1 proteins defined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. J. Immunol. 1985;134:3819. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. Elkon K.B., Bonfa E., Li-Chu J., Parnassa A.P. Characterization of autoantigen and autoantibodies by immunoblotting. Electrophoresis. 1987;8:445. [Google Scholar]
  88. Erickson P.F., Minier L.N., Lasher R.S. Quantitative electrophoretic transfer of polypeptides from SDS polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: a method for their re-use in immunoautoradiographic detection of antigens. J. Immunol. Methods. 1982;51:241. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90263-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  89. Fahey K.J., O'Donnell I.J., Azad A.A. Characterization by Western blotting of the immunogens of infectious bursal disease virus. J. Gen. Virol. 1985;66:1479. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-66-7-1479. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  90. Fang C.T., Darr F., Kleinman S., Wehling R.H., Dodd R.Y. Relative specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antibodies to human T-cell lymphotrophic virus, type III, and their relationship to Western blotting. Transfusion. 1986;26:208. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1986.26286152918.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  91. Farrah S.R., Shah D.O., Ingram L.O. Vol. 78. 1981. Effects of chaotropic and antichaotropic agents on elution of poliovirus adsorbed on membrane filters; p. 1229. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  92. Faye L., Chrispeels M.J. Characterisation of N-linked oligosaccharides by affinoblotting with concavalin A-peroxidase and treatment of the blots with glycosidases. Anal. Biochem. 1985;149:218. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90498-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  93. Fisher P.A., Berrios M., Blobel G. Isolation and characterisation of a proteinacous subnuclear fraction composed of nuclear matrix, peripheral lamina and nuclear pore complexes from embryos of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Cell Biol. 1982;92:674. doi: 10.1083/jcb.92.3.674. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  94. Flanagan S.D., Yost B. Calmodulin-binding proteins: Visualisation by 125I-calmodulin overlay on blots quenched with Tween 20 or bovine serum albumin and poly (ethylene oxide) Anal. Biochem. 1984;140:510. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90202-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  95. Fling S.P., Knospe V., Gregerson D.S. Preparation of overlapping peptides of bovine retinal S-antigen and their localisation by immunoblotting with peptide-specific antibodies. Curr. Eye Res. 1988;7:191. doi: 10.3109/02713688808995748. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  96. Fong S., Chen P.P., Gilbertson T.A., Weber J.R., Fox R.I., Carson D.A. Expression of three cross-reactive idiotypes on rheumatoid factor autoantibodies from patients with autoimmune diseases and seropositive adults. J. Immunol. 1986;137:122. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  97. Ford S.A., Tovey E.R., Baldo B.A. Identification of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) pollen allergens following electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 1985;78:15. doi: 10.1159/000233855. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  98. Ford S.A., Baldo B.A., Geraci D., Bass D. Identification of Parietaria judaica pollen allergens. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 1986;79:120. doi: 10.1159/000233957. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  99. Fraker P.J., Speck J.C. Protein and cell membrane iodinations with a sparingly soluble chloroamide, 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3α,6α-diphenylglycoluril. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1978;80:849. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)91322-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  100. Frazer H.E., Wisdom G.B. Detection of autoantigens by immunoblotting using a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase complex. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;80:221. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90023-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  101. Frazer I.H., Jordan T.W., Collins E.C., Andrews P., Mackay I.R. Antibody to liver membrane antigens in chronic active hepatitis. IV. Exclusion of specific reactivity to polypeptides and glycolipids by immunoblotting. Hepatology. 1987;7:4. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840070103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  102. Freedman A.R., Galfrè G., Gal E., Ellis H.J., Ciclitira P.J. Western immunoblotting of cereal proteins with monoclonal antibodies to wheat gliadin to investigate coeliac disease. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 1988;85:346. doi: 10.1159/000234530. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  103. Frey J., Afting E.G. Isolation and renaturation of α2-macroglobulin receptor from diploid human fibroblasts. Biochem. J. 1983;214:629. doi: 10.1042/bj2140629. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  104. Fusconi M., Ghadiminejad I., Bianchi F.B., Baum H., Bottazzo G.F., Pisi E. Heterogeneity of antimitochondrial antibodies with the M2-M4 pattern by immunofluorescence as assessed by Western immunoblotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Gut. 1988;29:440. doi: 10.1136/gut.29.4.440. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  105. Gabor G., Bennett R.M. Biotin-labelled DNA: A novel approach for the recognition of a DNA binding site on cell membranes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1984;122:1034. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)91195-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  106. Gandhi B.M. A dot immunobinding assay (DIA) on nitrocellulose membrane for the serological detection of antibodies to Entamoeba histolytica. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1986;80:883. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(86)90246-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  107. Gershoni J.M. In: Protein Blotting: A Manual. Glick D., editor. Vol. 33. John Wiley; New York: 1988. p. 1. (Methods of Biochemical Analysis). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  108. Gershoni J.M., Palade G.E. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels to a positively charged membrane filter. Anal. Biochem. 1982;124:396. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90056-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  109. Gershoni J.M., Palade G.E. Protein blotting: principles and applications. Analyt. Biochem. 1983;131:1. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90128-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  110. Gershoni J.M., Bayer E.A., Wilcheck M. Blot analyses of glycoconjugates: enzyme-hydrazide - a novel reagent for the detection of aldehydes. Anal. Biochem. 1985;146:59. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90395-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  111. Gershoni J.M., Davis F.E., Palade G.E. Protein blotting in uniform or gradient electric fields. Analyt. Biochem. 1985;144:32. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90080-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  112. Geysen J., DeLoof A., Vandesande F. How to perform subsequent of ‘double’ immunostaining of two different antigens on a single nitrocellulose blot within one day with an immunoperoxidase technique. Electrophoresis. 1984;5:129. [Google Scholar]
  113. Gibson W. Protease-facilitated transfer of high molecular weight proteins during electrotransfer to nitrocellulose. Anal. Biochem. 1981;118:1. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90147-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  114. Glenney J.R., Glenney P., Weber K. Mapping the fodrin molecule with monoclonal antibodies. A general approach for rod-like multidomain proteins. J. Mol. Biol. 1983;167:275. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80336-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  115. Glynn P., Gilbert H., Newcombe J., Cuzner M.L. Rapid analysis of immunoglobulin isoelectric focusing patterns with cellulose nitrate sheets and immunoperoxidase staining. J. Immunol. Methods. 1982;51:251. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90264-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  116. Gorelick F.S., Cohn J.A., Freedman S.D., Delahunt N.G., Gershoni J.M., Jamieson J.D. Calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase activity from rat pancreas. J. Cell. Biol. 1983;97:1294. doi: 10.1083/jcb.97.4.1294. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  117. Gottstein B., Zini D., Schantz P.M. Species-specific immunodiagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis by ELISA and immunoblotting. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 1987;38:299. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  118. Graves D.C., McNabb S.J., Worley M.A., Downs T.D., Ivey M.H. Analyses of rat Pneumocystis carinii antigens recognized by human and rat antibodies by using Western immunoblotting. Infect. Immun. 1986;54:96. doi: 10.1128/iai.54.1.96-103.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  119. Graziani M.S., Righetti G. Immunoblotting for detecting Bence Jones proteinuria. Clin. Chem. 1987;33:1079. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  120. Grimaldi L.M.E., Roos R.P., Devare S.G., Robey W.G., Casey J.M., Gurney M.E., Apatoff B.R., Lazzarin A. Restricted heterogeneity of antibody to gp120 and p24 in AIDS. J. Immunol. 1988;141:114. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  121. Grodzicki R.L., Steere A.C. Comparison of immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using different antigen preparations for diagnosing early Lyme disease. J. Infect. Dis. 1988;157:790. doi: 10.1093/infdis/157.4.790. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  122. Guengerich F.P., Wang P., Davidson N.K. Estimation of isozymes of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in rats, rabbits and humans using immunochemical staining coupled with sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Biochemistry. 1982;21:1698. doi: 10.1021/bi00536a035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  123. Guldner H.H., Lakomek H.J., Bautz F.A. Anti (U1)RNP and anti-Sm autoantibody profiles in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases: differential detection of immunoglobulin G and M by immunoblotting. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1986;40:532. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(86)90198-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  124. Gullick W.J., Lindstrom J.M. Structural similarities between acetyl choline receptors from fish electric organs and mammalian muscle. Biochemistry. 1982;21:4563. doi: 10.1021/bi00262a008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  125. Habets W.J., De Rooij D.J., Hoet M.H., Van de Putte L.B., Van Venrooij W.J. Quantitation of anti-RNP and anti-Sm antibodies in MCTD and SLE patients by immunoblotting. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1985;59:457. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  126. Habets W.J., De Rooij D.J., Salden M.H., Verhagen A.P., Van Eekelen C.A., Van de Putte L.B., Van Venrooij W.J. Antibodies against distinct nuclear matrix proteins are characteristic for mixed connective tissue disease. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1983;54:265. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  127. Habets W.J., Hoet M.H., Van de Pas J., Van Venrooij W.J. Characterisation of nuclear and cytoplasmic autoimmune antigens. In: Peeters H., editor. Vol. 33. Pergamon; Oxford: 1985. p. 199. (Protides of the Biological Fluids). [Google Scholar]
  128. Hadfield S.G., Glynn A.A. Application of imunoblotting to the differentiation of specific antibodies in gonorrhoea. Immunology. 1984;51:615. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  129. Hald J., Naaby Hansen S., Egense J., Hjort T., Bjerrum O.J. Autoantibodies against spermatozoal antigens detected by immunoblotting and agglutination. A longitudinal study of vasectomized males. J. Reprod. Immunol. 1987;10:15. doi: 10.1016/0165-0378(87)90046-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  130. Halpern R., Schiffenbauer J., Solomon G., Diamond B. Detection of masked anti-DNA antibodies in lupus sera by a monoclonal anti-idiotype. J. Immunol. 1984;133:1852. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  131. Hancock K., Tsang V.C.W. India ink staining of proteins on nitrocellulose paper. Analyt. Biochem. 1983;133:157. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90237-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  132. Hanff P.A., Fehniger T.E., Miller J.N., Lovett M.A. Humoral immune response in human syphillis to polypeptides of Treponema pallidum. J. Immunol. 1982;129:1287. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  133. Hass H., Becker W.M., Maasch H.J., Schlaak M. Analysis of allergen components in grass pollen extracts using immunoblotting. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 1986;79:434. doi: 10.1159/000234014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  134. Hauber R., Geiger R. A new, very sensitive, bioluminescence-enhanced detection system for protein blotting. Ultrasensitive detection systems for protein blotting and DNA hybridization. I. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 1987;25:511. doi: 10.1515/cclm.1987.25.8.511. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  135. Hawkes R. Identification of concanavalin A-binding proteins after sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis and protein blotting. Anal. Biochem. 1983;123:143. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90634-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  136. Hawkes R. The dot immunobinding assay. In: Langone J.J., Van Vunakis H., editors. Immunochemical Techniques Part I. Vol. 121. Academic Press; London: 1986. pp. 484–491. (Methods in Enzymology). [Google Scholar]
  137. Hawkes R., Niday E., Gordon J. A dot-immunobinding assay for monoclonal and other antibodies. Anal. Biochem. 1982;119:142. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90677-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  138. Hayman E.G., Ruoslahti E. Cell attachment to blotted proteins. In: Bjerrum O.J., Heegaard N.H.H., editors. Experimental and Clinical Applications. Vol. II. CRC Press; London: 1988. p. 81. (CRC Handbook of Immunoblotting of Proteins). [Google Scholar]
  139. Hayman E.G., Engvall E., A'Hearn E., Barnes D., Pierschbacher M., Ruoslahti E. Cell attachment on replicas of polyacrylamide gels reveals two adhesive plasma proteins. J. Cell Biol. 1982;95:20. doi: 10.1083/jcb.95.1.20. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  140. Heard S.R., Rasburn B., Matthews R.C., Tabaqchali S. Immunoblotting to demonstrate antigenic and immunogenic differences among nine standard strains of Clostridium difficile. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1986;24:384. doi: 10.1128/jcm.24.3.384-387.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  141. Heberling R.L., Kalter S.S. A dot-immunobinding assay on nitrocellulose with psoralen inactivated Herpes virus simiae (B virus) Lab. Anim. Sci. 1987;37:304. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  142. Heberling R.L., Kalter S.S., Smith J.S., Hildebrand D.G. Serodiagnosis of rabies by dot immunobinding assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1987;25:1262. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.7.1262-1264.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  143. Heberling R.L., Kalter S.S., Marx P.A., Lowry J.K., Rodriguez A.R. Dot immunobinding assay compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid and specific detection of retrovirus antibody induced by human or simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1988;26:765. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.4.765-767.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  144. Hensel U., Wellensiek H.J., Bhakdi S. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblotting as a serological tool in the diagnosis of syphilitic infections. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1985;21:82. doi: 10.1128/jcm.21.1.82-87.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  145. Herbrink P., Van Loon A.M., Rotmans J.P., Van Knapen F., Van Dijk W.C. Interlaboratory evaluation of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoblotting for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1987;25:100. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.1.100-105.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  146. Heys A.D., Norden A.G., Fulcher L.M., Flynn F.V. Bence Jones protein detection: a rapid immunoblotting technique for routine use on unconcentrated urine. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 1986;23:571. doi: 10.1177/000456328602300514. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  147. Hjerten S. A study on the renaturation of membrane proteins after solubilisation in SDS or following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS, with special reference to a phosphatase from Acholeplasma laidlawii. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1983;736:130. [Google Scholar]
  148. Hoffman D.R. Allergens in Hymenoptera venom. XVIII. Immunoblotting studies of venom allergens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1987;80:307. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(87)90036-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  149. Hoffman W.L., Jump A.A. Tween 20 removes antibodies and other proteins from nitrocellulose. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;94:191. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90232-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  150. Howe J.G., Hershey J.W.B. A sensitive immunoblotting method for measuring protein synthesis initiation factor levels in lysates of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 1981;256(12):836. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  151. Hsu Y.-H. Immunogold for detection of antigen on nitrocellulose paper. Anal. Biochem. 1984;142:221. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90542-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  152. Hunter W.M. In: Radioimmunoassay. 2nd ed. Weir D.M., editor. Blackwell Scientific Publications; Oxford: 1973. p. 17.1. (Handbook of Experimental Immunology). [Google Scholar]
  153. Ipsen H., Larsen J.N. Detection of antigen-specific IgE antibodies in sera from allergec patients by SDS-PAGE immunoblotting and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. In: Bjerrum O.J., Heegaard N.H.H., editors. Experimental and Clinical Applications. Vol. II. CRC Press; London: 1988. p. 159. (CRC Handbook of Immunoblotting of Proteins). [Google Scholar]
  154. Islam M.N., Briones-Urbina R., Bako G., Farid N.R. Both TSH and thyroid-stimulating antibody of Graves' disease bind to an Mr 197 000 holoreceptor. Endocrinology. 1983;113:436. doi: 10.1210/endo-113-1-436. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  155. Jacobs E., Bennewitz A., Bredt W. Reaction pattern of human anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1986;23:517. doi: 10.1128/jcm.23.3.517-522.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  156. Jahn R., Schiebler W., Greengard P. Vol. 81. 1984. A quantitative dot-immunobinding assay for proteins using nitrocellulose membrane filters; p. 1684. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  157. Jankowski M., Styczynski P. Comparison of cytomegalovirus antibodies by means of CF, ELISA and immunoblotting techniques. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 1987;35:313. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  158. Jarausch J., Kadenbach B. Structure of the cytochrome c oxidase complex of rat liver. 2. Topological orientation of polypeptides in the membrane as studied by proteolytic digestion and immunoblotting. Eur. J. Biochem. 1985;146:219. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb08641.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  159. Johansson E., Van Hage Hamsten M., Johansson S.G. Demonstration of allergen components in the storage mite Lepidoglyphus destructor by an immunoblotting technique. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 1988;85:8. doi: 10.1159/000234468. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  160. Johnson D.A., Gautsch J.W., Sportsman J.R., Elder J.H. Improved technique utilising nonfat dry milk for analysis of proteins and nucleic acids transferred to nitrocellulose. Gene Anal. Technol. 1984;1:3. [Google Scholar]
  161. Johnson T.K., Yuen K.C.L., Denell R.E., Consigli R.A. Efficient transfer of proteins from acetic acid-urea and isoelectric focusing gels to nitrocellulose membrane filters with retention of protein antigenicity. Analyt. Biochem. 1983;133:126. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90232-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  162. Johnstone A., Thorpe R. Blackwell; Oxford: 1982. Immunochemistry in Practice; p. 210. [Google Scholar]
  163. Kakita K., O'Connell K., Permutt M.A. Immunodetection of insulin after transfer from gels to nitrocellulose filters. A method of analysis in tissue extracts. Diabetes. 1982;31:648. doi: 10.2337/diab.31.7.648. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  164. Kay M.M.B., Goodman S.R., Sorensen K., Whitfield C.F., Wong P., Zaki L., Rudloff V. Vol. 80. 1983. Senescent cell antigen is immunologically related to band 3; p. 1631. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  165. Keck K., Grossberg A.L., Pressman D. Specific characterization of isoelectrofocused immunglobulins in polyacrylamide gel by reaction with 125I-labelled protein antigens or antibodies. Eur. J. Immunol. 1973;3:99. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830030209. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  166. Kelson J.S., Adler B., Chapman A.J., Faine S. Identification of leptospiral flagellar antigens by gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. J. Med. Microbiol. 1988;26:47. doi: 10.1099/00222615-26-1-47. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  167. Kenna J.G., Neuberger J., Williams R. Identification by immunoblotting of three halothane-induced liver microsomal polypeptide antigens recognized by antibodies in sera from patients with halothane-associated hepatitis. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1987;242:733. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  168. Kenny G.E., Cartwright F.D. Immunoblotting for determination of the antigenic specificities of antibodies to the Mycoplasmatales. Isr. J. Med. Sci. 1984;20:908. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  169. Kibe M.K., Bidwell D.E., Turp P., Smith G.R. Demonstration of cross-reactive antigens in F38 and related mycoplasmas by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. J. Hyg. 1985;95:95. doi: 10.1017/s002217240006232x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  170. Kimura M., Mohri H., Shimada K., Andoh T. Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens in graft-vs-host F1 mice as determined by immunoblotting: absence of anti-Sm antibody. J. Med. Sci. Biol. 1987;40:83. doi: 10.7883/yoken1952.40.83. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  171. King S.M., Otter T., Witman G.B. Vol. 82. 1985. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against chlamydomonas flagellar dyneins by high-resolution protein blotting; p. 4717. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  172. Knisley K.A., Rodkey L.S. Affinity immunoblotting. High resolution isoelectric focusing analysis of antibody clonotype distribution. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;95:79. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90320-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  173. Knospe V., Fling S.P., Gregerson D.S. Assignment of several epitopes to cyanogen bromide peptides of bovine retinal S-antigen by immunoblotting with peptide-specitif antibodies. Curr. Eye Res. 1988;7:181. doi: 10.3109/02713688808995747. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  174. Knudsen K.A. Proteins transferred to nitrocellulose for use as immunogens. Anal. Biochem. 1985;147:285. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90273-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  175. Knuver-Hopf J., Mohr H., Caspari G., Beyer J., Schmitt H. Colour stability of new anti-HIV immunogold blotting versus conventional immunoblotting techniques. J. Immunol. Methods. 1987;100:281. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(87)90199-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  176. Koch C., Skjodt K., Laursen I. A simple immunoblotting method after separation of proteins in agarose gel. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;84:271. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90434-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  177. Koga K., Abe S., Hashimoto H., Yamaguchi M. Western blotting method for detecting antibodies against human muscle contractile proteins in myositis. J. Immunol. Methods. 1987;105:15. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(87)90409-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  178. Konstantinov K., Russanova V., Russeva V. Antibodies to histones and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparative study with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 1986;278:410. doi: 10.1007/BF00418172. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  179. Kotani T., Umeki K., Matsunaga S., Kato E., Ohtaki S. Detection of autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase in autoimmune thyroid diseases by micro-ELISA and immunoblotting. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1986;62:928. doi: 10.1210/jcem-62-5-928. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  180. Krilis S., Baldo B.A., Sutton R., Basten A. Antigens and allergens from the common house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. I. Demonstration of multiple allergens by immunochemical and biological analysis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1984;74:132. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(84)90275-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  181. Kronvall G., Seal U.S., Finstad J., Williams R.C. Phylogenetic insight into evolution of mammalian Fc fragment of γG globulin using staphylococcal protein A. J. Immunol. 1970;104:140. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  182. Kroutil L.A., Bush R.K. Detection of Alternaria allergens by Western blotting. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1987;80:170. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(87)90126-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  183. Kumar B.V., Lakshuri M.V., Atkinson J.P. Fast and efficient method for estimation of proteins. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1985;131:883. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)91322-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  184. Kyhse-Andersen J. Electroblotting of multiple gels: a simple apparatus without buffer tank for rapid transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide to nitrocellulose. Biochem. Biophys. Methods. 1984;10:203. doi: 10.1016/0165-022x(84)90040-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  185. Kyriatsoulis A., Manns M., Gerken G., Lohse A.W., Ballhausen W., Reske K., Meyer zum Buschenfelde K.H. Distinction between natural and pathological autoantibodies by immunoblotting and densitometric subtraction: liver-kidney microsomal antibody (LKM) positive sera identify multiple antigens in human liver tissue. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1987;70:53. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  186. Kyriatsoulis A., Manns M., Roth U., Gerken G., Lohse A., Wollensak S., Reske K., Meyer zum Buschenfelde K.H. Strategy for the characterization of autoantigens in autoimmune responses diseases. Investigation of the target antigens of antimitochondrial by antibodies by radioimmunoassay, immunoblotting, monoclonal antibodies and affinity chromatography. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;109:113. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90448-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  187. Labib R.S., Anhalt G.J., Patel H.P., Mutasim D.F., Diaz L.A. Molecular heterogeneity of the bullous pemphigoid antigens as detected by immunoblotting. J. Immunol. 1986;136:1231. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  188. Laing P. Luminescent visualisation of antigens on blots. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;92:161. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90161-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  189. Lamb J.R., Young D.B. A novel approach to the identification of T-cell epitopes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using human T-lymphocyte clones. Immunology. 1987;60:1. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  190. Lamb J.R., Ivanyi J., Rees A.D.M., Rothbard J.B., Howland K., Young R.A., Young D.B. Mapping T cell epitopes using recombinant antigens and synthetic peptides. EMBO J. 1987;6:1245. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02360.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  191. Lamb J.R., O'Hehir R.E., Young D.B. The use of nitrocellulose immunoblots for the analysis of antigen recognition by T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;110:1. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90076-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  192. Landini M.P., Re M.C., Mirolo G., Baldassarri B., La Placa M. Human immune response to cytomegalovirus structural polypeptides studied by immunoblotting. J. Med. Virol. 1985;17:303. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890170403. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  193. Lanzillo J.J., Stevens J., Tumas J., Fanburg B.L. Avidin biotin amplified immunoperoxidase staining of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme transferred to nitrocelluloseafter agarose isoelectric focusing. Electrophoresis. 1983;4:313. [Google Scholar]
  194. LaRochelle W.J., Froehner S.C. Immunochemical detection of proteins biotinylated on nitrocellulose replicas. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;92:65. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90504-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  195. Larsson A., Nilsson B.O. Immunisation with nanogram quantities of nitrocellulose-bound antigen, electroblotted from sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels. Scand. J. Immunol. 1988;27:305. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02351.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  196. Laurent P., Beal B., Gaspar A., Guilloux L. Blotting methods applied to investigations of the mitogenic activity of phytohaemagglutinin. J. Immunol. Methods. 1985;82:181. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90237-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  197. Lauzurica P., Gurbindo C., Maruri N., Galocha B., Diaz R., Gonzalez J., Garcia R., Lahoz C. Olive (Olea europea) pollen allergens - I. Immunochemical characterisation by immunoblotting, CRIE and immunodetection by a monoclonal antibody. Mol. Immunol. 1988;24:329. doi: 10.1016/0161-5890(88)90027-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  198. Law H., Lingwood C.A. Use of fluorescent standards in protein transfer and immunoblotting. Accurate estimation of the molecular weight of immunoreactive species. Anal. Biochem. 1985;149:404. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90590-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  199. Leary J.J., Brigari D.J., Ward D.C. Vol. 80. 1983. Rapid and sensitive colorimetric method for visualizing biotin-labelled DNA probes hybridised to DNA or RNA immobilised on nitrocellulose: Bio-blots; p. 4045. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  200. Lebar R., Lees M.B. Dot immunobinding as a tool for the study of the CNS myelin antigen, M2. J. Neuroimmunol. 1985;8:43. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5728(85)80046-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  201. Lee C.-Y., Huang Y.-S., Hu P.-C., Gomel V., Menge A.C. Analysis of sperm antigens by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel/protein blot radioimmunobinding method. Anal. Biochem. 1982;123:14. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90617-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  202. Lee N., Zhang S.-Q., Testa D. A rapid multicolour Western blot. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;106:27. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90267-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  203. Legocki R.P., Verna D.P.S. Multiple immunoreplica technique: screening for specific proteins with a series of different antibodies using one polyacrylamide gel. Anal. Biochem. 1981;111:385. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90577-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  204. Lehtinen M. Immunoblotting and ELISA analysis of HSV-1 and HSV-2-specified polypeptides by using an immunoblocking method. Ann. Clin. Res. 1985;17:66. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  205. Lehtinen M., Koivisto V., Lehtinen T., Paavonen J., Leinikki P. Immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of serological responses in patient infected with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Intervirology. 1985;24:18. doi: 10.1159/000149614. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  206. Leong M.M., Fox G.R., Hayward J.S. A photodetection device for luminol-based immunodot and Western blotting assays. Anal. Biochem. 1988;168:107. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(88)90017-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  207. Levasseur S., Sesboue R., Salier J.P., Diarra-Mehrpour M., Bourguignon J., Martin J.P. Improvement of the sensitivity of mono- and bi-dimensional immunoelectrophoretic techniques by transfer on to nitrocellulose. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;114:121. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90163-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  208. Lightowlers M.W., Rickard M.D., Mitchell G.F. Immunization against Taenia taeniaeformis in mice: identification of oncospheral antigens in polyacrylamide gels by Western blotting and enzyme immunoassay. Int. J. Parasitol. 1986;16:297. doi: 10.1016/0020-7519(86)90107-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  209. Lin J.C., Choi E.I., Pagano J.S. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen diffuse component by Western blotting enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a monoclonal antibody. J. Virol. 1985;53:793. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.3.793-799.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  210. Lin W., Kasamatsu H. On the electrotransfer of polypeptides from gels to nitrocellulose membranes. Analyt. Biochem. 1983;128:302. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90379-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  211. Littauer U.Z., Giveon D., Thierauf M., Ginzburg I., Ponstingl H. Vol. 83. 1986. Common and distinct tubulin binding sites for microtubule-associated proteins; p. 7162. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  212. Lucius R., Rauterberg E.W., Diesfeld H.J. Identificatin of immunognic proteins of Dipetalonema viteae (Filarioidea) by the Western blotting technique. Tropenmed. Parasitol. 1983;34:133. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  213. Luzio J.P., Jackson P. Epitope mapping of proteins. In: Bjerrum O.J., Heegaard N.H.H., editors. Experimental and Clinical Applications. Vol. II. CRC Press; London: 1988. p. 25. (CRC Handbook of immunoblotting of Proteins). [Google Scholar]
  214. Lyon J.A., Weber J.L. Preparation and use of monospecific antibodies selected using recombinant expression proteins adsorbed to nitrocellulose. In: Bjerrum O.J., Heegaard N.H.H., editors. CRC Press; London: 1988. p. 95. (Handbook of Immunoblotting of Proteins). [Google Scholar]
  215. McKendall R.R., Pettit M., Woo W. The poly-specific immunoglobulin response to HSV-1 viral proteins: determination of immunogenic proteins and relative antibody titres to individual polypeptides by immunoblotting. J. Med. Microbiol. 1988;25:49. doi: 10.1099/00222615-25-1-49. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  216. McLellan T., Ramshaw J.A.M. Serial electrophoretic transfers: a technique for the identification of numerous enzymes from single polyacrylamide gels. Biochem. Genet. 1981;19:647. doi: 10.1007/BF00483998. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  217. Mandrell R.E., Zollinger W.D. Use of a zwitterionic detergent for the restoration of the antibody-binding capacity of electroblotted meningcoccal outer membrane proteins. J. Immunol. Methods. 1984;67:1. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90080-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  218. Maniatis T., Fritsch E.F., Sambrook J. Cold Spring Harbor Lab; Cold Spring Harbor, NY: 1982. Molecular cloning, a laboratory manual; pp. 108–114. [Google Scholar]
  219. Manns M., Gerken G., Kyriatsoulis A., Trautwein C., Reske K., Meyer zum Buschenfelde K.H. Two different subtypes of antimitochondrial antibodies are associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: identification and characterization by radioimmunoassay and immunoblotting. Hepatology. 1987;7:893. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840070517. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  220. Marlow S.J., Handa A.K. Immuno slot-blot assay using a membrane which covalently binds protein. J. Immunol. Methods. 1987;101:133. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(87)90226-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  221. Matthews R., Burnie J. Diagnosis of systemic candidiasis by an enzyme-linked dot immunobinding assay for a circulating immunodominant 47-kilodalton antigen. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1988;26:459. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.3.459-463.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  222. Mecheri S., Peltre G., David B. Purification and characterization of a major allergen from Dactylis glomerata pollen: the Ag Dg 1. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 1985;78:283. doi: 10.1159/000233899. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  223. Medawar P. A biological restrospect. Nature. 1965;207:1327. doi: 10.1038/2071327a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  224. Mendel-Hartvig I., Nelson B.D. Studies on beef heart ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase. Topological studies on the core proteins using proteolytic digestion and immunoreplication. J. Bioenerg. Biomembranes. 1983;15:22. doi: 10.1007/BF00743485. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  225. Mendel-Hartvig I., Frostell A., Totterman T.H. Primary biliary cirrhosis: antigenic specificity of IgM-type mitochondrial antibodies analyzed by immunoblotting and ELISA. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 1987;83:265. doi: 10.1159/000234306. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  226. Merril C.R., Pratt M.E. A silver stain for the rapid quantitative detection of proteins or nucleic acids on membranss or thin-layer plates. Anal. Biochem. 1986;156:96. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(86)90160-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  227. Milner A.R., Lepper A.W., Symonds W.N., Gruner E. Analysis by ELISA and Western blotting of antibody reactivities in cattle infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis after absorption of serum with M. phlei. Res. Vet. Sci. 1987;42:140. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  228. Mirande M., Kellerman O., Wallen J.-P. Macromolecular complexes from sheep and rabbit containing seven aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. II. Structural characterisation of the polypeptide components and immunolgical identification of the methionyl-tRNA synthetase subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 1982;257:11049. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  229. Miribel L., Arnaud P. Electrotransfer of proteins following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nitrocellulose versus nylon membranes. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;107:253. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90226-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  230. Mirolo G., Landini M.P., Baldassarri B., Re M.C., Lazzarotto T., La Placa M. Relationship between antibody titres against human cytomegalovirus detected by enzyme immunoassay and titres to individual viral polypeptides studied by immunoblotting. Microbiologia. 1986;9:373. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  231. Miskimins W.K., Roberts M.P., McClelland A., Ruddle F.H. Vol. 82. 1985. Use of a protein blotting procedure and a specific DNA probe to identify nuclear proteins that recognise the promoter region of the transferrin receptor gene; p. 6741. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  232. Moeremans M., Daneels G., Van Dijck A., Langanger G., De Mey J. Sensitive visualisation of antigen-antibody reactions in dot and blot immune overlay assays with immunogold and immunogold/silver staining. J. Immunol. Methods. 1984;74:353. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90303-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  233. Moeremans M., Daneels G., De Mey J. Sensitive colloidal metal (gold and silver) staining of protein blots on nitrocellulose membranes. Analyt. Biochem. 1985;145:315. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90368-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  234. Moyle S., Keir G., Thompson E.J. Viral immunoblotting: a sensitive method for detecting viralspecific oligoclonal bands in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid. Biosci. Rep. 1984;4:505. doi: 10.1007/BF01122226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  235. Muilerman H.G., Ter Hart H.G.J., Van Dijk W. Specific detection of inactive enzyme protein after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by a new enzyme immunoassay method using unspecific antiserum and partially purified active enzyme: application to rat liver phosphodiesterase I. Anal. Biochem. 1982;120:46. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90315-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  236. Naaby-Hansen S., Bjerrum O.J. Auto- and iso-antigens of human spermatozoa detected by immunoblotting with human sera after SDS-PAGE. J. Reprod. Immunol. 1985;7:41. doi: 10.1016/0165-0378(85)90020-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  237. Nakamura K., Tanaka T., Kuwahara A., Takeo K. Microassay for proteins on nitrocellulose filter using protein dye-staining procedure. Anal. Biochem. 1985;148:311. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90234-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  238. Navarro E., Bach M., Duran N., Puigdomenech P., Palau J. A multiple sample immunoblotting system (MSIS) for the intrinsic detection of antinuclear autoantibodies. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;91:75. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90104-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  239. Navendran A., Hoffman S.A. Identification of autoantibody reactive integral brain membrane antigens. A two-dimensional analysis. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;114:227. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90178-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  240. Nespolo A., Bianchi G., Salmaggi A., Cerrato D. Immunoblotting on polyvinyldifluoride improves detection of oligoclonal IgG bands in CSF. Clin. Chem. 1987;33:1669. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  241. Neumann D., Gershoni J.M., Fridkin M., Fuchs S. Vol. 82. 1985. Antibodies to synthetic peptides as probes for the binding site on the α subunit of the acetylcholine receptor; p. 3490. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  242. Newman P.J., Kahn R.A., Hines A. Detection and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to platelet membrane proteins. J. Cell Biol. 1981;90:249. doi: 10.1083/jcb.90.1.249. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  243. Nghiem H.-O. Miniaturization of the immunoblot technique. Rapid screening for the detection of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;111:141. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90070-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  244. Nishizawa H., Murakami A., Hayashi N., Iida M., Abe Y. Fabric reinforced polyacrylamide gels for electroblotting. Electrophoresis. 1985;6:349. [Google Scholar]
  245. Norden A.G., Fulcher L.M., Heys A.D. Rapid typing of serum paraproteins by immunoblotting without antigen-excess artifacts. Clin. Chem. 1987;33:1433. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  246. Nye L., Roitt I.M. Isoelectric focusing of human antibodies directed against a high molecular weight antigen. J. Immunol. Methods. 1980;35:97. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(80)90154-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  247. O'Conner C.G., Ashman L.K. Application of the nitrocellulose transfer technique and alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-immunoglobulin for determination of the specificity of monoclonal antibodies to protein mixtures. J. Immunol. Methods. 1982;54:267. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90068-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  248. Oda T., Hatsushika M., Watanabe S., Ikeda S., Sumii H., Arakaki Y., Nakamura T., Tsutsui K., Seki S., Akiyama K. Immunoelectron microscopic and immunoblotting analyses of a retrovirus produced in a human lymphoblastoid cell line with a monoclonal antibody. Cell. Mol. Biol. 1986;32:343. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  249. Ogier J.A., Klein J.P., Sommer P., Frank R.M. Identification and preliminary characterization of saliva-interacting surface antigens of Streptococcus mutants by immunoblotting, ligand blotting, and immunoprecipitation. Infect. Immun. 1984;45:107. doi: 10.1128/iai.45.1.107-112.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  250. Ohashi K., Mikawa T., Maruyama K. Localisation of Z-protein in isolated Z-disk sheets of chicken leg muscle. J. Cell Biol. 1982;95:85. doi: 10.1083/jcb.95.1.85. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  251. O'Hehir R.E., Young D.B., Kay A.B., Lamb J.R. Cloned human T lymphocytes reactive with Dermatophagoides farinae (house dust mite). A comparison of T and B cell antigen recognition. Immunology. 1987;62:635. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  252. Ohta M., Ohta K., Mori F., Nishitani H., Saida T. Sera from patients with multiple sclerosis react with human T cell lymphotropic virus-I gag proteins but not env proteins - Western blotting analysis. J. Immunol. 1986;137:3440. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  253. Okazaki K., Chiya S., Ideguchi S., Kimura S. Typing of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by immunoblotting analysis using polyclonal antisera to herpes simplex virus glycoproteins. J. Virol. Methods. 1987;18:169. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(87)90122-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  254. Olmsted J.B. Affinity purification of antibodies from diazotised paper blots of heterogeneous protein samples. J. Biol. Chem. 1981;256:11955. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  255. Olmsted J.B. Affinity purification of antibodies from blots. In: Bjerrum O.J., Heegaard N.N.H., editors. Experimental and Clinical Applications. Vol. II. CRC Press; London: 1988. p. 87. (CRC Handbook of Immunoblotting of Proteins). [Google Scholar]
  256. Palfreyman J.W., Vigrow A., Button D., Glancy H. Simple method for scanning immunoblots. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;109:199. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90243-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  257. Pappas M.G., Hajkowski R., Hockmeyer W.T. Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA): A micro technique for the rapid diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. J. Immunol. Methods. 1983;64:205. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90399-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  258. Parekh B.S., Mehta H.B., West M.D., Montelaro R.C. Preparative elution of proteins from nitrocellulose membranes after separation by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Anal. Biochem. 1985;148:87. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90631-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  259. Partanen P., Turunen H.J., Paasivuo R., Forsblom E., Suni J., Leinikki P.O. Identification of antigenic components of Toxoplasma gondii by an immunoblotting technique. FEBS Lett. 1983;158:252. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80589-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  260. Patel J.D., Joseph J.M., Falkler W.A. Direct detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in clinical specimens by a dot immunobinding technique using monoclonal antibody. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;108:279. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90430-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  261. Peferoen M., Huybrechts R., De Loof A. Vacuum blotting: a new simple and efficient transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose. FEBS Lett. 1982;145:369. [Google Scholar]
  262. Peltre G., Lapeyre J., David B. Heterogeneity of grass pollen allergens (Dactylis glomerata) recognised by IgE antibodies in human patients' sera by a new nitrocellulose immunoprint technique. Immunol. Lett. 1982;5:127. doi: 10.1016/0165-2478(82)90096-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  263. Penner E., Goldberg H., Meryn S., Gordon J. A dot-immunobinding assay for antimitochondrial antibodies. Hepatology. 1986;6:381. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840060308. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  264. Petit C., Suron M.E., Gilbert M., Theze J. Direct detection of idiotypic determinants on blotted monoclonal antibodies. Ann. Immunol. (Inst. Pasteur) 1982;133D:77. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  265. Pettersson I., Wang G., Smith G.C., Wigzell H., Hedfors E., Horn J., Sharp G.C. The use of immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation of (U) small nuclear ribonucleoproteins in the analysis of sera of patients with mixed connective tissue disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. A cross-sectional, longitudinal study. Arthritis Rheum. 1986;29:986. doi: 10.1002/art.1780290807. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  266. Piechulla B., Kuntzel H. Mitochondrial polypeptide elongation factor EF-Tu of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Functional and structural homologies to Escherichia coli EF-Tu. Eur. J. Biochem. 1983;132:235. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07353.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  267. Pillot J., Petit M.A. Immunochemical structure of the hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine I. Treatment of immobilized HBsAg by dissociation agents with or without enzymatic digestion and identification of polypeptides by protein blotting. Mol. Immunol. 1984;21:53. doi: 10.1016/0161-5890(84)90089-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  268. Porath A., Hanuka N., Keynan A., Sarov I. Virus-specific serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in cytomegalovirus mononucleosis patients as determined by immunoblotting techniques. J. Med. Virol. 1987;22:223. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890220305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  269. Porter D.D., Porter H.G., Larsen A.E., Hadlow W.J. Immunoenzyme Western blotting analysis of antibody specificity in Aleutian disease of mink, a parvovirus infection. J. Virol. 1984;52:745. doi: 10.1128/jvi.52.3.745-749.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  270. Ramirez P., Bonilla J.A., Moreno E., Leon P. Electrophoretic transfer of viral proteins to nitrocellulose sheets and detection with peroxidase-bound lectins and protein A. J. Immunol. Methods. 1983;62:15. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90105-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  271. Rautenberg P., Stender F., Ullmann U. Detection of Clostridium difficile Toxin A by immunoblotting. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. 1986;261:29. doi: 10.1016/s0176-6724(86)80060-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  272. Reinhart M.P., Malamud D. Protein transfer from isoelectric focusing gels: the native blot. Anal. Biochem. 1982;123:229. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90439-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  273. Reiser J., Wardale J. Immunological detection of specific proteins in total cell extracts by fractionation in gels and transfer to diazophenylthioether paper. Eur. J. Biochem. 1981;114:569. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05182.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  274. Renart J., Sandoval I.V. Western blots. In: Colowick S.P., Kaplan N.O., Jakoby W.B., editors. Enzyme purification and related techniques. Vol. 104. Academic Press; Orlando, FL: 1984. p. 455. (Methods in Enzymology). part C. [Google Scholar]
  275. Renart J., Reiser J., Stark G.R. Vol. 76. 1979. Transfer of proteins from gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and detection with antisera - method for studying antibody specificity and antigen structure; p. 3116. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  276. Reynolds D., Hughes J.H. Comparison of the rotazyme assay with an avidin-biotin-amplifies dot-immunobinding assay for detecting rotaviruses. J. Infect. Dis. 1985;152:647. doi: 10.1093/infdis/152.3.647a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  277. Richter J.D., Smith L.D. Developmentally regulated RNA binding proteins during oogenesis in Xenopus laevis. J. Biol. Chem. 1983;258:4864. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  278. Rohringer R., Holden D.W. Protein blotting: detection of proteins with colloidal gold and of glycoproteins and lectins with biotin-conjugated and enzyme probes. Analyt. Biochem. 1985;144:118. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90092-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  279. Ronai Z., Sulitzeanu D. (Auto)antibodies in human breast cancer sera against antigens associated with breast cancer cells, detected by immunoblotting. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1986;77:1203. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  280. Rordorf C., Gambke C., Gordon J. A multidot immunobinding assay for autoimmunity and the demonstration of novel antibodies against retroviral antigens in the sera of MRL mice. J. Immunol. Methods. 1983;59:105. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90150-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  281. Routledge E.G., Willcocks M.M., Morgan L., Samson A.C., Scott R., Toms G.L. Heterogeneity of the respiratory syncytial virus 22K protein revealed by Western blotting with monoclonal antibodies. J. Gen. Virol. 1987;68:1209. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-68-4-1209. (published erratum appears in J. Gen. Virol. 1987, 68, 2272) [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  282. Rozier C., Mache R. Binding of 16S rRNA to chloroplast 30S ribosomal proteins blotted on nitrocellulose. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984;12:7293. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.19.7293. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  283. Samson A.C. Anomalous behaviour of Newcastle disease virus haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein in Western blotting analysis of monoclonal antibody binding sites. J. Gen. Virol. 1986;67:1199. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-67-6-1199. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  284. Saravis C.A. Improved blocking of nonspecific antibody binding sites on nitrocellulose membranes. Electrophoresis. 1984;5:54. [Google Scholar]
  285. Sasaki T., Bonissol C., Stoiljkovic B., Ito K. Demonstration of cross-reactive antibodies to mycoplasmas in human sera by ELISA and immunoblotting. Microbiol. Immunol. 1987;31:639. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1987.tb03124.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  286. Schalla W.O., Sanders L.L., Schmid G.P., Tam M.R., Morse S.A. Use of dot-immunobinding and immunofluorescence assays to investigate clinically suspected cases of chancroid. J. Infect. Dis. 1986;153:879. doi: 10.1093/infdis/153.5.879. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  287. Schibeci A., Wade A.W., Depew W.T., Szewczuk M.R. Analysis of serum antibody repertoires by isoelectric focusing and capillary blotting onto nitrocellulose paper. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;89:201. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90358-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  288. Schipper H.I., Bertram G., Kaboth U. Microheterogeneity of paraproteins. I. Diagnostic value of isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting. Clin. Chim. Acta. 1988;171:271. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(88)90153-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  289. Schneider Z. Aliphatic alcohols improve the adsorptive performance of cellulose nitrate membranes - application in chromatography and enzyme assays. Anal. Biochem. 1980;108:96. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90697-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  290. Schneppenheim R., Rautenberg P. A luminescence Western blot with enhanced sensitivity for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1987;6:49. doi: 10.1007/BF02097190. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  291. Sheng H.Z., Martenson R.E., Carnegie P.R., Bernard C.C.A. Electroimmunoblotting of small peptides separated on urea-dodecyl sulphate (SUDS) gels. Application to myelin basic protein. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;107:13. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90003-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  292. Shimokawa K., Murayama T., Ishida S., Furukawa T. Analysis by immunoblotting of human cytomegalovirus antibody in sera of renal transport recipient. J. Med. Virol. 1987;21:339. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890210406. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  293. Shuttleworth A.D. An improved electrophoresis transfer (electroblotting) apparatus. Electrophoresis. 1984;5:178. [Google Scholar]
  294. Sinclair D., Kumararatne D.S., Forrester J.B., Lamont A., Stott D.I. The application of isoelectric focusing to routine screening for paraproteinaemia. J. Immunol. Methods. 1983;64:147. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90393-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  295. Sinclair D., Kumararatne D.S., Stott D.I. Detection and identification of serum monoclonal immunoglobulin by immunoisoelectric focusing. Limits of sensitivity and use during relapse of multiple myeloma. J. Clin. Pathol. 1984;37:255. doi: 10.1136/jcp.37.3.255. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  296. Sinclair D., Dagg J.H., Mowat A.McI., Parrott D.M.V., Stott D.I. Serum paraproteins in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. J. Clin. Pathol. 1984;37:463. doi: 10.1136/jcp.37.4.463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  297. Sinclair D., Dagg J.H., Smith J.G., Stott D.I. The incidence and possible relevance of Bence-Jones protein in the sera of patients with multiple myeloma. Br. J. Haematol. 1986;62:689. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1986.tb04092.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  298. Sinclair D., Dagg J.H., Dewar A.E., Mowat A.McI., Parrott D.M.V., Stockdill G., Stott D.I. The incidence, clonal origin and secretory nature of serum paraproteins in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol. 1986;64:725. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1986.tb02234.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  299. Sinclair D., Sheehan T., Parrott D.M.V., Stott D.I. The incidence of monoclonal gammopathy in a population over 45 years old determined by immunoisoelectric focusing. Br. J. Haematol. 1986;64:745. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1986.tb02236.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  300. Sinclair D., Parrott D.M.V., Stott D.I. Quantitation of monoclonal immunoglobulins by immunoisoelectric focusing and its application for monitoring secretory B cell neoplasia. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;90:247. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90082-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  301. Singh M.B., Knox R.B. Grass pollen allergens: antigenic relationships detected using monoclonal antibodies and dot blotting immunoassay. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 1985;78:300. doi: 10.1159/000233901. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  302. Smith G.E., Summers M.D. The bidirectional transfer of DNA and RNA to nitrocellulose or diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper. Anal. Biochem. 1980;109:123. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90019-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  303. Snowden B.W., Halliburton I.W. Identification of cross-reacting glycoproteins of four herpesviruses by Westernblotting. J. Gen. Virol. 1985;66:2039. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-66-9-2039. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  304. Sorice F., Vullo V., Contini C., Mastroianni C.M., Massetti A.P., Monaco M.T., Delia S. Use of dot immunobinding assay for the rapid diagnosis of human hydatidosis. Boll. Ist. Sieroter. 1985;64:414. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  305. Southern E.M. J. Mol. Biol. 1975;98:503. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  306. Srivastava A.K., Aira Y., Mori C., Kobayashi Y., Igarashi A. Antigenicity of Japanese encephalitis virus envelope glycoprotein V3 (E) and its cyanogen bromide cleaved fragments examined by monoclonal antibodies and Western blotting. Arch. Virol. 1987;96:97. doi: 10.1007/BF01310993. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  307. Stahlberg T.H., Granfors K., Pekkola-Heino K., Soppi E., Toivanen A. Immunoblotting analysis of human IgM, IgG, and IgA response to chromosomally coded antigens of Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. 1987;95:71. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1987.tb00011.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  308. Sternberg J., Jeppesen P. Dot-blotting - a novel screening assay for antibodies in hybridoma cultures. J. Immunol. Methods. 1983;64:39. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90382-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  309. Stott D.I., Feinstein A. Biosynthesis and assembly of IgM. Free thiol groups present on the intracellular subunits. Eur. J. Immunol. 1973;3:229. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830030410. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  310. Stott D.I., McLearie J. Isoelectric focusing and reverse immunoblotting of autoantibodies against high molecular weight antigens. Immunol. Invest. 1986;15:113. doi: 10.3109/08820138609094137. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  311. Stott D.I., McLearie J., Marsden H.S. A gel transfer tank for immunoblotting and its application for analysis of nuclear protein antigens. Analyt. Biochem. 1985;149:454. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90597-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  312. Stott D.I., McLearie J., Neilson L. Analysis of the clonal origins of autoantibodies against thyroglobulin and DNA in autoimmune thyroiditis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1986;65:520. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  313. Stott D.I., Hassman R., Neilson L., McGregor A.M. Analysis of the spectrotypes of autoantibodies against thyroglobulin in two rat models of autoimmune thyroiditis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1988;73:269. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  314. Stott D.I., Merino J., Schurmans S., Lambert P.-H. Expression of anti-DNA clonotypes and the role of helper T-lymphocytes during the autoimmune response in mice tolerant to alloantigens. Autoimmunity. 1988;1:253. doi: 10.3109/08916938809010679. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  315. Sturm S., Fortnagel P., Timmis K.N. Immunoblotting procedure for the analysis of electrophoretically fractionated bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Arch. Microbiol. 1984;140:198. doi: 10.1007/BF00454926. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  316. Surek B., Latzko E. Visualisation of antigenic proteins blotted on to nitrocellulose using the immunogold staining (IGS) method. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1984;121:284. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)90720-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  317. Sutton R., Wrigley C.W., Baldo B.A. Detection of IgE and IgG binding proteins after electrophoretic transfer from polyacrylamide gels. J. Immunol. Methods. 1982;52:183. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90044-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  318. Svoboda M., Meuris S., Robyn C., Christophe J. Rapid electrotransfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gel to nitrocellulose membrane using surface-conductive glass as anode. Anal. Biochem. 1985;151:16. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90046-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  319. Swanson J., Barrera O. Immunological characteristics of gonococcal outer membrane protein II assessed by immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and coagglutination. J. Exp. Med. 1983;157:1405. doi: 10.1084/jem.157.5.1405. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  320. Swanstrom R., Shank P.R. X-ray intensifying screens greatly enhance the detection by autoradiography of the radioactive isotopes 32P and 125I. Analyt. Biochem. 1978;86:184. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(78)90333-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  321. Symington J., Green M., Brackmann K. Vol. 78. 1981. Immunoautoradiographic detection of proteins after electrophoretic transfer from gels to diazo-paper: Analysis of adenovirus encoded proteins; p. 177. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  322. Talbot P.J., Knobler R.L., Buchmeier M.J. Western and dot immunoblotting analysis of viral antigens and antibodies: application to murine hepatitis virus. J. Immunol. Methods. 1984;73:177. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90043-7. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  323. Talian J.C., Olmsted J.B., Goldman R.D. A rapid procedure for preparing fluoroscein-labelled specific antibodies from whole antiserum - its use in analysing cytoskeletal architecture. J. Cell Biol. 1983;97:1277. doi: 10.1083/jcb.97.4.1277. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  324. Tamura A., Ohashi N., Urakami H., Takahashi K., Oyanagi M. Analysis of polypeptide composition and antigenic components of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Infect. Immun. 1985;48:671. doi: 10.1128/iai.48.3.671-675.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  325. Tersmette M., Lelie P.N., Van der Poel C.L., Wester M.R., De Goede R.E., Lange J.M., Miedema F., Huisman J.G. Confirmation of HIV seropositivity: comparison of a novel radioimmunoprecipitation assay to immunoblotting and virus culture. J. Med. Virol. 1988;24:109. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890240114. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  326. Thompson E.J., Keir G. Improved detection of oligoclonal and Bence-Jones proteins by kappa/lambda immunoblotting. Clin. Chim. Acta. 1984;143:329. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(84)90086-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  327. Thorpe R., Bird C.R., Spitz M. Immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies: loss of immunoreactivity with human immunoglobulins arises from polypeptides chain separation. J. Immunol. Methods. 1984;73:259. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90400-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  328. Thorpe R., Brasher M.D., Bird C.R., Garrett A.J., Jacobs J.P., Minor P.D., Schild G.C. An improved immunoblotting procedure for the detection of antibodies against HIV. J. Virol. Methods. 1987;16:87. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(87)90034-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  329. Todd D., Hull J., McNair J. Antigenically important proteins of Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus identified by immunoblotting. Arch. Virol. 1987;96:215. doi: 10.1007/BF01320961. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  330. Tovey E.R., Baldo B.A. Standardization of allergens. Quantitative definition of house dust mite extracts following electroblotting and detection of components with antibody and lectin probes. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 1984;75:332. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  331. Tovey E.R., Baldo B.A. Detection of house dust mite allergens and frequency of IgE binding following electroblotting and enzyme immunoassay. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 1985;76:82. doi: 10.1159/000233667. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  332. Tovey E.R., Baldo B.A. Comparison of semi-dry and conventional tank buffer electrotransfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose membranes. Electrophoresis. 1987;8:384. [Google Scholar]
  333. Tovey E.R., Ford S.A., Baldo B.A. Protein blotting on nitrocellulose: some important aspects of the resolution and detection of antigens in complex extracts. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods. 1987;14:1. doi: 10.1016/0165-022x(87)90002-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  334. Towbin H., Gordon J. Immunoblotting and dot immunobinding - current status and outlook. J. Immunol. Methods. 1984;72:313. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90001-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  335. Towbin H., Staehelin T., Gordon J. Vol. 76. 1979. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: Procedure and some applications; p. 4350. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  336. Towbin H., Ramjoue H.-P., Kuster H., Liverani D., Gordon J. Monoclonal antibodies against eukaryotic ribosomes. Use to characterise a ribosomal protein not previously identified and antigenically related to the acidic phosphoproteins P1/P2. J. Biol. Chem. 1982;257:709. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  337. Turner B.M. The use of alkaline-phosphatase-conjugated second antibody for the visualisation of electrophoretically separated proteins recognised by monoclonal antibodies. J. Immunol. Methods. 1983;63:1. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90204-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  338. Uhl J., Newton R.C. Quantitation of related proteins by Western blot analysis. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;110:79. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90085-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  339. Ulstrup J.C., Skaug K., Figenschau K.J., Orstavik I., Bruun J.N., Petersen G. Sensitivity of Western blotting (compared with ELISA and immunofluorescence) during seroconversion after HTLV-III infection. Lancet. 1986;i:1151. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91862-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  340. Vaessen R.T.M.J., Kreike J., Groot G.S.P. Protein transfer to nitrocellulose filters. A simple method for quantitation of single proteins in complex mixtures. FEBS Lett. 1981;124:193. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80134-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  341. Vainio E. Immunoblotting analysis of antigliadin antibodies in the sera of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 1986;80:157. doi: 10.1159/000234045. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  342. Vandekerckhove J., Bauw G., Puype M., Van Damme J., Van Montagu M. Protein blotting on Polybrenecoated glass fibre sheets. A basis for acid hydrolysis and gas-phase sequencing of picomole quantities of protein previously separated on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel. Eur. J. Biochem. 1985;152:9. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb09157.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  343. Van der Meer J., Dorssers L., Zabel P. Antibodylinked polymerase assay on protein blots: a novel method for identifying polymerases following SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. EMBO J. 1983;2:233. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01411.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  344. Van Dongen W.M.A.M., Moorman A.F.M., Destree O.H.J. The accumulation of the maternal pool of histone HIA during oogenesis in Xenopus laevis. Cell Differ. 1983;12:257. doi: 10.1016/0045-6039(83)90021-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  345. Van Leuven F., Marynen P., Cassiman J.J., Van der Berghe H. Reversed dot-blotting in hybridoma screening and epitope mapping. A model study with human α2-macroglobulin to select complex-specific monoclonal antibodies. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;90:125. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90392-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  346. Van Oss C.J., Good R.J., Chaudhury M.K. Mechanism of DNA (Southern) and protein (Western) blotting on cellulose nitrate and other membranes. J. Chromatogr. 1987;391:53. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94304-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  347. Van Vooren J.P., Turneer M., Yernault J.C., De Bruyn J., Burton E., Legros F., Farber C.M. A multidot immunobinding assay for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. Comparison with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;113:45. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90380-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  348. Vartdal F., Vandvik B. Multiple sclerosis: subclasses of intrathecally synthesised IgG and measles and varicella zoster virus IgG antibodies. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1983;54:641. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  349. Vartio T., Zardi L., Balza E., Towbin H., Vaheri A. Monoclonal antibodies in analysis of cathepsin G-digested proteolytic fragments of human plasma fibronectin. J. Immunol. Methods. 1982;55:309. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90090-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  350. Vertosick F.T., Jr., Kelly R.H. Antibodies to native and denatured DNA. Quantitation using an immunoslotblot technique. J. Immunol. Methods. 1987;102:15. doi: 10.1016/s0022-1759(87)80004-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  351. Walker J.H. Inexpensive equipment for polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and flat bed electroblotting. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1988;16:762. [Google Scholar]
  352. Walzer P.D., Linke M.J. A comparison of the antigenic characteristics of rat and human Pneumocystis carinii by immunoblotting. J. Immunol. 1987;138:2257. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  353. Walzer P.D., Stanforth D., Linke M.J., Cushion M.T. Pneumocystis carinii: immunoblotting and immunofluorescent analyses of serum antibodies during experimental rat infection and recovery. Exp. Parasitol. 1987;63:319. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(87)90179-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  354. Wedege E., Froholm L.O. Human antibody response to a group B serotype 2a meningococcal vaccine determined by immunoblotting. Infect. Immun. 1986;51:571. doi: 10.1128/iai.51.2.571-578.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  355. Wedege E., Svenneby G. Effects of the blocking agents bovine serum albumin and Tween 20 in different buffers on immunoblotting of brain proteins and marker proteins. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;88:233. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90010-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  356. Wedege E., Bryn K., Froholm L.O. Restoration of antibody binding to blotted meningococcal outer membrane proteins using various detergents. J. Immunol. Methods. 1988;113:51. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90381-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  357. Weetman A.P., Nutman T.B., Baker J.R., Jr., Burman K.D. Demonstration by immunoblotting of heterogeneity in the autoantibody response directed against fat cells in Graves' disease. FEBS Lett. 1987;211:69. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)81276-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  358. Weetman A.P., Nutman T.B., Burman K.D., Baker J.R., Jr., Volkman D.J. Heterogeneity of thyroid autoantigens identified by immunoblotting. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1987;43:333. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(87)90143-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  359. Weihing R.R. Purification of HeLa cell high molecular weight actin binding protein and its identification in HeLa cell plasma membrane ghosts and intact HeLa cells. Biochemistry. 1983;22:1839. doi: 10.1021/bi00277a015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  360. Westgeest A.A., Van den Brink H.G., De Jong J., Swaak A.J., Smeenk R.J. Antinuclear antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting. Rheumatol. Int. 1987;7:77. doi: 10.1007/BF00270311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  361. Williams D.G., Stocks M.R., Charles P.J., Maini R.N. Antibodies to La, Jo-1, nRNP and Sm detected by multi-track immunoblotting using a novel filter holder: a comparative study with counterimmunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion using sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome. J. Immunol. Methods. 1986;91:65. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90103-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  362. Williamson A.R. Isoelectric focusing of immunoglobulins. In: Weir D.M., editor. 2nd edn. Blackwell; Oxford: 1973. p. 8.1. (Handbook of Experimental Immunology). [Google Scholar]
  363. Williamson A.R., Salaman M.R., Kreth H.W. Microheterogeneity and allomorphism of proteins. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1973;209:210. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1973.tb47530.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  364. Winter J. Shiverer peripheral myelin contains P2. Nature. 1982;298:471. doi: 10.1038/298471a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  365. Wolff P., Gilz R., Schumacher J., Riesner D. Complexes of viroids with histones and other proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985;13:355. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.2.355. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  366. Wong R.C., Hudson L., Hindmarsh P.J. Immune precipitation and immunoblotting for the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1986;80:275. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(86)90034-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  367. Yamaguchi K., Matutes E., Kiyokawa T., Nishimura Y., Ishii T., Takatsuki K., Catovsky D. Comparison of immunoperoxidase staining with indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA, and Western blotting assays for detecting anti-HTLV-I antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Clin. Pathol. 1988;41:57. doi: 10.1136/jcp.41.1.57. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  368. Yoshida H., Yoshida M., Izui S., Lambert P.-H. Distinct clonotypes of anti-DNA antibodies in mice with lupus nephritis. J. Clin. Invest. 1985;76:685. doi: 10.1172/JCI112022. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  369. Young D.B., Lamb J.R. T-lymphocytes respond to solid phase antigen: a novel approach to the molecular analysis of cellular immunity. Immunology. 1986;59:167. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  370. Young T.F., Ross R.F. Assessment of antibody response of swine infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by immunoblotting. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1987;48:651. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  371. Yurchenco P.D., Speicher D.W., Morrow J.S., Knowles W.J., Marchesi V.T. Monoclonal antibodies as probes of domain structure of the spectrin a subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 1982;357:9102. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Immunological Methods are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES