Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 2008 Apr 11;38:307–342. doi: 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60865-9

Regulation of Tobamovirus Gene Expression

William O Dawson 1, Kirsi M Lehto 1
PMCID: PMC7172963  PMID: 2220472

Publisher Summary

This chapter discusses tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) strains U1, OM, L, CGMMV, 0, and Cc. The production of each TMV protein is regulated differently, both in amounts and times of production. The chapter discusses some of the strategies that tobamoviruses uses to control gene expression: (1) different subgenomic RNA promoter/leader sequences control timing of expression of genes, (2) genes expressed via subgenomic mRNAs are expressed in decreasing amounts with increasing distances from the 3' terminus, and (3) TMV mRNAs appear to be translationally regulated differently from host mRNAs. Genome organization affects gene expression, but it appears to be equally important for the efficiency of replication and the ability of the genomic structure to be stably propagated. Different virus groups have evolved different gene arrangements. Tobamovirus genes expressed via subgenomic mRNAs appear to be expressed in increasing amounts when positioned nearer the 3’ terminus.

References

  1. Ahlquist P., Janda M. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1984;4:2876–2882. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.12.2876. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Ahlquist P., Dasgupta R., Shih D.S., Zimmern D., Kaesberg P. Nature (London) 1979;281:277–282. doi: 10.1038/281277a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Ahlquist P., Bujarski J.J., Kaesberg P., Hall T.C. Plant Mol. Biol. 1984;3:37–44. doi: 10.1007/BF00023414. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Ahlquist P., Strauss E.G., Rice C.M., Strauss J.H., Haseloff J., Zimmern D. J. Virol. 1985;53:536–542. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.2.536-542.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Angenent G.C., Verbeek H.B.M., Bol J.F. Virology. 1989;169:305–311. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90155-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Aoki S., Takebe I. Virology. 1975;65:343–354. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90040-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Banerjee A.K. Microbiol. Rev. 1987;51:66–87. doi: 10.1128/mr.51.1.66-87.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Beachy R.N., Zaitlin M. Virology. 1975;63:84–97. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90373-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Beachy R.N., Zaitlin M. Virology. 1977;81:160–169. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90068-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Beachy R.N., Zaitlin M., Bruening G., Israel H. Virology. 1976;73:498–507. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90411-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Beck, D. A., and Dawson, W. O. (1990). Manuscript in preparation.
  12. Bier H., Barciszewska M., Krupp G., Mitnacht R., Gross H.J. EMBO J. 1984;3:351–356. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01810.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Bloomer A.C., Butler P.J.G. In: “The Plant Viruses: 2. The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses”. Van Regenmortel M.H.V., Fraenkel-Conrat H., editors. Plenum; New York: 1986. pp. 19–57. [Google Scholar]
  14. Blum H., Gross H.J., Beir H. Virology. 1989;169:51–61. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90040-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Brierley I., Digard P., Inglis S.C. Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 1989;57:537–547. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90124-4. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Bruening G., Beachy R.N., Scalla R., Zaitlin M. Virology. 1976;71:498–517. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90377-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Brunt A.A. In: “The Plant Viruses: 2. The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses”. Van Regenmortel M.H.V., Fraenkel-Conrat H., editors. Plenum; New York: 1986. pp. 181–204. [Google Scholar]
  18. Bujarski J., Dreher T., Hall T.C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1985;82:5636–5640. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.17.5636. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Butler P.J.G., Finch J.T., Zimmern D. Nature (London) 1977;265:217–219. doi: 10.1038/265217a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Carrington J.C., Heaton L.A., Zuidema D., Hillman B.I., Morris T.J. Virology. 1989;170:219–226. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90369-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Cornelissen B.T.C., Bol J.F. Plant Mol. Biol. 1984;3:379–384. doi: 10.1007/BF00033385. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Culver J.N., Dawson W.O. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1989;2:209–213. [Google Scholar]
  23. Culver J.N., Dawson W.O. Virology. 1989;173:755–758. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90592-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Dawson W.O. Intervirology. 1975;6:83–89. doi: 10.1159/000149459. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Dawson W.O. Intervirology. 1978;9:304–309. doi: 10.1159/000148948. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Dawson W.O. Virology. 1983;125:314–323. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90204-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Dawson W.O., Boyd C. Plant Mol. Biol. 1987;8:145–149. doi: 10.1007/BF00025325. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Dawson W.O., Grantham G.L. Intervirology. 1983;19:155–161. doi: 10.1159/000149351. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Dawson W.O., Jones G.E. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1976;145:308–309. [Google Scholar]
  30. Dawson W.O., Lozoya-Saldana H. Intervirology. 1984;22:77–84. doi: 10.1159/000149537. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Dawson W.O., Lozoya-Saldana H. Intervirology. 1986;26:149–155. doi: 10.1159/000149694. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Dawson W.O., Schlegel D.E. Phytopathology. 1976;66:177–181. [Google Scholar]
  33. Dawson W.O., Schlegel D.E. Phytopathology. 1976;66:437–442. [Google Scholar]
  34. Dawson W.O., White J.L. Virology. 1978;90:209–213. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90304-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Dawson W.O., White J.L. Virology. 1979;93:104–110. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90279-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Dawson W.O., Beck D.L., Knorr D.A., Grantham G.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1986;83:1832–1836. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.6.1832. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Dawson W.O., Bubrick P., Grantham G.L. Phytopathology. 1988;78:783–789. [Google Scholar]
  38. Dawson W.O., Lewandowski D.J., Hilf M.E., Bubrick P., Raffo A.J., Shaw J.J., Grantham G.L., Desjardins P.R. Virology. 1989;173:285–292. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90130-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Deom C.M., Oliver M.J., Beachy R.N. Science. 1987;237:389–393. doi: 10.1126/science.237.4813.389. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. de Zoeten G.A. In: “Plant Diseases and Vectors: Ecology and Epidemiology”. Maramorosch K., Harris K.F., editors. Academic Press; New York: 1981. pp. 221–239. [Google Scholar]
  41. Dodds J.A., Hamilton R.I. Virology. 1972;50:404–411. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90392-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Dorssers L., van der Krol S., van der Meer J., van Kammen A., Zabel P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984;81:1951–1955. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.7.1951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Edwardson J.R., Zettler F.W. In: “The Plant Viruses: 2. The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses”. Van Regenmortel M.H.V., Fraenkel-Conrat H., editors. Plenum; New York: 1986. pp. 233–247. [Google Scholar]
  44. Filipowicz W., Haenni A.-L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1979;76:3111–3115. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.7.3111. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Fraser R.S.S. “Biochemistry of Virus-Infected Plants,”. Res. Stud. Press; Letchworth, England: 1987. pp. 1–7. [Google Scholar]
  46. French R., Ahlquist P. J. Virol. 1987;61:1457–1465. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.5.1457-1465.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. French R., Ahlquist P. J. Virol. 1988;62:2411–2420. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.7.2411-2420.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Gallie D.R., Sleat D.E., Watts J.W., Turner P.C., Wilson T.M.A. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987;15:8693–8711. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.21.8693. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Gallie D.R., Sleat D.E., Watts J.W., Turner P.C., Wilson T.M.A. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987;15:3257–3273. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.8.3257. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Gallie D.R., Sleat D.E., Watts J.W., Turner P.C., Wilson T.M.A. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988;16:883–894. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.3.883. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Gibbs A.J. CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses. 1977;184 [Google Scholar]
  52. Gibbs A.J. In: “The Plant Viruses: 2. The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses”. Van Regenmortel M.H.V., Fraenkel-Conrat H., editors. Plenum; New York: 1986. pp. 167–180. [Google Scholar]
  53. Godefroy-Colburn T., Gagey M., Berna A., Stussi-Garaud C. J. Gen. Virol. 1986;67:2233–2239. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-73-8-2115. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Goelet P., Lomonossoff G.P., Butler P.J.G., Akam M.E., Gait M.J., Karn J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1982;79:5818–5822. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.19.5818. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Guilley H., Jonard G., Kukla B., Richards K.E. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979;6:1287–1307. doi: 10.1093/nar/6.4.1287. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Hahn Y.S., Strauss E.G., Strauss J.H. J. Virol. 1989;63:3142–3150. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.7.3142-3150.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Hamilton W.D.O., Boccara M., Robinson D.J., Baucombe D.C. J. Gen. Virol. 1987;68:2563–2575. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-68-10-2563. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Haseloff J., Goelet P., Zimmern D., Ahlquist P., Dasgupta R., Kaesberg P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984;81:4358–4362. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4358. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Higgins T.J.V., Goodwin P.B., Whitfield P.R. Virology. 1976;71:486–497. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90376-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Hills G.J., Plaskitt K.A., Young N.D., Dunigan D.D., Watts J.W., Wilson T.M.A., Zaitlin M. Virology. 1987;161:488–496. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90143-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Hodgson R.A.J., Beachy R.N., Pakrasi H.B. FEBS Lett. 1989;245:267–270. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80234-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Hunter T.R., Hunt T., Knowland J., Zimmern D. Nature (London) 1976;260:759–764. doi: 10.1038/260759a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Hunter T., Jackson R., Zimmern D. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983;11:801–821. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.3.801. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Ishikawa M., Meshi T., Motoyoshi F., Takamatsu N., Okada Y. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986;14:8291–8305. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.21.8291. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Ishikawa M., Meshi T., Watanabe Y., Okada Y. Virology. 1988;164:290–293. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90648-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Jackson A.O., Mitchell D.M., Siegel A. Virology. 1971;45:182–191. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90125-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Joshi S., Pleij C.W.A., Haenni A.L., Chapeville F., Bosch L. Virology. 1983;127:100–111. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90375-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Kamer G., Agros P. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984;12:7269–7282. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.18.7269. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Keith J., Fraenkel-Conrat H. FEBS Lett. 1975;57:31–33. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80145-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Key J.L., Kin C.Y., Chen Y.M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1981;78:3526–3530. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.6.3526. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Kielland-Brandt M.C. J. Mol. Biol. 1974;87:489–503. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90099-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Knorr D.A., Dawson W.O. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1988;85:170–174. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.1.170. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Knowland J. Genetics. 1974;78:383–394. doi: 10.1093/genetics/78.1.383. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Kozak M. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981;9:5233–5252. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.20.5233. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Kozak M. Microbiol. Rev. 1983;47:1–45. doi: 10.1128/mr.47.1.1-45.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Kozak M. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984;12:857–872. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.2.857. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Kozak M. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984;12:3873–3893. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.9.3873. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. Kozak M. Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 1986;44:283–292. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90762-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Kozak M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1986;83:2850–2854. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.9.2850. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Kozak M. Adv. Virus Res. 1986;31:229–292. doi: 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60265-1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Lebeurier G., Nicolaieff A., Richards K.E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1977;74:149–153. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.1.149. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Lehto K., Bubrick P., Dawson W.O. Virology. 1990;174:290–293. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90077-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Lehto K., Dawson W.O. Virology. 1990;174:169–176. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90065-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Lehto, K., and Dawson, W. O. (1990b). Virology, in press.
  85. Lehto, K., Culver, J. N., and Dawson, W. O. (1990b). Manuscript in preparation.
  86. Lehto K., Grantham G.L., Dawson W.O. Virology. 1990;174:145–157. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90063-w. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. Linstead P.J., Hills G.J., Plaskitt K.A., Wilson I.G., Harker C.L., Maule A.J. J. Gen. Virol. 1988;69:1809–1818. [Google Scholar]
  88. Lockhart B.E.L., Semancik J.S. Virology. 1969;39:362–365. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(69)90064-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  89. Lutcke H.A., Chow K.C., Mickel F.S., Moss K.A., Kern H.F., Scheele G.A. EMBO J. 1987;6:43–48. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04716.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  90. Malyshenko S.I., Lapchic L.G., Kondakova O.A., Kuznetzova L.L., Taliansky M.E., Atabekov J.G. J. Gen. Virol. 1988;69:407–412. [Google Scholar]
  91. Marsh L.E., Dreher T.W., Hall T.C. In: “Positive Strand RNA Viruses”. Brinton M.A., Reukert R.R., editors. Liss; New York: 1987. pp. 327–336. [Google Scholar]
  92. Marsh L.E., Dreher T.W., Hall T.C. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988;16:981–995. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.3.981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  93. McGarry T.J., Lindquist S. Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 1985;42:903–911. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90286-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  94. Meshi T., Ohno T., Iba H., Okada Y. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1981;184:20–25. doi: 10.1007/BF00271189. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  95. Meshi T., Ohno T., Okada Y. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982;10:6111–6117. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.19.6111. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  96. Meshi T., Ohno T., Okada Y. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 1982;91:1441–1444. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a133833. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  97. Meshi T., Kiyama R., Ohno T., Okada Y. Virology. 1983;127:54–64. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90370-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  98. Meshi T., Ishikawa M., Motoyoshi K., Semba K., Okada Y. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1986;83:5043–5047. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.14.5043. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  99. Meshi T., Watanabe Y., Saito T., Sugimoto A., Maeda T., Okada Y. EMBO J. 1987;6:2557–2563. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02544.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  100. Meshi T., Motoyoshi F., Adachi A., Watanabe Y., Takamatsu N., Okada Y. EMBO J. 1988;7:1575–1581. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02982.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  101. Mi S., Durbin R., Huang H.V., Rice C.M., Stollar V. Virology. 1989;170:385–391. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90429-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  102. Miller W., Dreher T., Hall T. Nature (London) 1985;313:68–70. doi: 10.1038/313068a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  103. Miller W.A., Bujarski J.J., Dreher T.W., Hall T.C. J. Mol. Biol. 1986;187:537–546. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90332-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  104. Mirkov T.E., Matthews D.M., Du Plessis D.H., Dodds J.A. Virology. 1989;170:139–146. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90361-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  105. Moser O., Gagey M.-J., Godefroy-Colburn T., Ellwart-Tschurtz M., Nitschko H., Mundry K.-W. J. Gen. Virol. 1988;69:1367–1373. [Google Scholar]
  106. Mouches C., Candresse T., Bove J.M. Virology. 1984;134:78–90. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90274-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  107. Nilsson-Tillgren T. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1970;109:246–256. doi: 10.1007/BF00267013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  108. Nilsson-Tillgren T., Kohenmainen-Seveus L., Van Wettstein D. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1969;104:124–141. doi: 10.1007/BF00272793. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  109. Nishiguchi M., Motoyoshi F., Oshima N. J. Gen. Virol. 1978;39:53–61. [Google Scholar]
  110. Nishiguchi M., Motoyoshi F., Oshima N., Kiho Y. In: “Plant Tissue Culture”. Fujiwa A., editor. Marunzen; Tokyo: 1982. pp. 665–666. [Google Scholar]
  111. Nishiguchi M., Kikuchi S., Kiho Y., Ohno T., Meshi T., Okada Y. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985;13:5585–5590. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.15.5585. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  112. Oberg B., Philipson L. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1972;48:927–932. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90697-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  113. Ogawa M., Sakai F. Phytopathol. Z. 1984;109:193–203. [Google Scholar]
  114. Ogawa M., Sakai F., Takebe I. Phytopathol. Z. 1983;107:146–158. [Google Scholar]
  115. Ohno T., Aoyagi M., Yamanashi Y., Saito H., Ikawa S., Meshi T., Okada Y. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 1984;96:1915–1923. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a135026. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  116. Okada Y. In: “The Plant Viruses: 2. The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses”. Van Regenmortel M.H.V., Fraenkel-Conrat H., editors. Plenum; New York: 1986. pp. 267–281. [Google Scholar]
  117. Okamoto S., Machida Y., Takebe I. Virology. 1988;167:194–200. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90069-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  118. Ooshika I., Watanabe Y., Meshi T., Okada Y., Igano K., Inouye K., Yoshida N. Virology. 1984;132:71–78. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90092-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  119. Paterson R., Knight C.A. Virology. 1975;64:10–22. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90074-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  120. Pelham H.R.B. Nature (London) 1978;272:469–471. doi: 10.1038/272469a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  121. Pleij C.W.A., Rietveld K., Bosch L. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985;13:1717–1731. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.5.1717. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  122. Pleij C.W.A., Abrahams J.P., van Belkum A., Rietveld K., Bosch L. In: “Positive Strand RNA Viruses”. Brinton M.A., Ruekert R.R., editors. Liss; New York: 1987. pp. 299–316. [Google Scholar]
  123. Register J.C., III, Beachy R.N. Virology. 1988;166:524–532. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90523-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  124. Reinero A., Beachy R.N. Plant Physiol. 1989;89:111–116. doi: 10.1104/pp.89.1.111. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  125. Rochon D., Tremaine J.H. Virology. 1989;169:251–259. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90150-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  126. Roner M.R., Gaillard R.K., Jr., Joklik W.K. Virology. 1989;168:292–301. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90269-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  127. Saito T., Meshi T., Takamatsu N., Okada Y. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1987;84:6074–6077. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.17.6074. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  128. Saito T., Imai Y., Meshi T., Okada Y. Virology. 1988;167:653–656. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  129. Sakai F., Takebe I. Virology. 1974;62:426–433. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90404-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  130. Sarkar G., Edery I., Gallo R., Sonenberg H. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1984;783:122–129. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(84)90003-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  131. Shatkin A.J. Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 1976;9:645–653. [Google Scholar]
  132. Shaw J.G., Pladkitt K.A., Wilson T.M.A. Virology. 1986;148:326–336. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90329-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  133. Sherwood J.L., Fulton R.W. Virology. 1982;119:150–158. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90072-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  134. Siegel A., Montgomery V.H.I., Kolacz K. Virology. 1976;73:363–371. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90397-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  135. Siegel A., Hari V., Kolacz K. Virology. 1978;85:494–503. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90456-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  136. Sleat D.E., Gallie D.R., Jefferson R.A., Beven M.W., Turner P.C., Wilson T.M.A. Gene. 1987;60:217–225. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90230-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  137. Sonenberg N. Adv. Virus Res. 1987;31:175–204. doi: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60318-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  138. Stussi-Garaud C., Garaud J., Berna A., Godefroy-Colburn T. J. Gen. Virol. 1987;68:1779–1784. [Google Scholar]
  139. Sulzinski M.A., Zaitlin M. Virology. 1982;121:12–19. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90114-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  140. Sulzinski M.A., Gabaro K.A., Palukaitis P., Zaitlin M. Virology. 1985;145:132–140. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90208-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  141. Takamatsu N., Ishikawa M., Meshi T., Okada Y. EMBO J. 1987;6:307–311. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04755.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  142. Tang C.K., Draper D.E. Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 1989;57:531–536. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90123-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  143. Tomenius K., Clapham D., Meshi T. Virology. 1987;160:363–371. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90007-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  144. Tyc K., Konarska M., Gross H.J., Filipowicz W. Eur. J. Biochem. 1984;140:503–511. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08131.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  145. Valle R.P.C., Morch M.-D. FEBS Lett. 1988;235:1–15. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)81225-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  146. van der Wilk F., Huisman M.J., Cornelissen B.J.C., Huttinga H., Goldbach R. FEBS Lett. 1989;245:51–56. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80190-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  147. Van Regenmortel M.H.V., Fraenkel-Conrat H., editors. “The Plant Viruses: 2. The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses.”. Plenum; New York: 1986. [Google Scholar]
  148. Varma A. In: “The Plant Viruses: 2. The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses”. Van Regenmortel M.H.V., Fraenkel-Conrat H., editors. Plenum; New York: 1986. pp. 249–266. [Google Scholar]
  149. Watanabe Y., Okada Y. Virology. 1986;149:64–73. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90087-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  150. Watanabe Y., Emori Y., Ooshika I., Meshi T., Ohno T., Okada Y. Virology. 1984;133:18–24. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90421-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  151. Watanabe Y., Meshi T., Okada Y. FEBS Lett. 1984;173:247–250. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)81056-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  152. Watanabe Y., Ooshika I., Meshi T., Okada Y. Virology. 1986;152:414–420. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90143-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  153. Watanabe Y., Morita N., Nishiguchi M., Okada Y. J. Mol. Biol. 1987;194:699–704. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90247-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  154. Wilson T.M.A. Virology. 1984;137:255–265. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90217-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  155. Wilson T.M.A. Virology. 1984;138:353–356. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90360-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  156. Zaitlin M., Duda C.T., Petti M.A. Virology. 1973;53:300–311. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90207-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Advances in Virus Research are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES