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. 2019 Dec 10;51(2):276–289. doi: 10.1007/s13592-019-00716-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Figure 2. — Number of frames of brood by treatment over the course of the experiment (NC = Negative Control, FE = Feral, LM = Lightly Managed, HM = Heavily Managed). A GEE model found significantly (Wald = 8.27, P = 0.0040) fewer frames of brood in the colonies inoculated with mites from a feral background. Note that the trend in the experimental treatment groups is opposite to what we predicted. Error bars represent SEM.