Table 3.
Basal Cortisol and Psychosocial Stressors by Follow-up Status Adjusted for Age, Sex, and Antipsychotic Use at Baseline
| Controls (n = 205) | CHR Remitted (n = 134) | CHR Symptomatic (n = 130) | CHR Progressed (n = 124) | CHR Converted (n = 69) | Test1 | p | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salivary cortisol (raw); mean (SE) | 16.56 | (0.76) | 15.22 | (0.80) | 18.58 | (1.10) | 17.24 | (0.99) | 19.36 | (1.42) | F = 3.21d | 0.013 |
| Salivary cortisol (adjusted); mean (SE) | −0.16 | (0.07) | −0.05 | (0.09) | 0.12 | (0.09) | −0.04 | (0.09) | 0.30 | (0.12) | ||
| Daily stressor exposure (raw); mean (SE) | 14.18 | (0.67) | 17.47 | (0.93) | 23.30 | (1.10) | 23.84 | (1.12) | 25.94 | (1.75) | F = 27.22a,b,c,d,e,f,g | <0.001 |
| Daily stressor exposure (adjusted); mean (SE) | 3.48 | (0.10) | 4.02 | (0.12) | 4.65 | (0.12) | 4.71 | (0.12) | 4.91 | (0.16) | ||
| Daily stressor distress (raw); mean (SE) | 1.95 | (0.06) | 2.84 | (0.10) | 3.20 | (0.11) | 3.04 | (0.11) | 3.21 | (0.17) | F= 39.62a,b,c,d | <0.001 |
| Daily stressor distress (adjusted); mean (SE) | 0.57 | (0.03) | 0.97 | (0.04) | 1.08 | (0.04) | 1.02 | (0.04) | 1.08 | (0.05) | ||
| Life event exposure (raw); mean (SE) | 20.73 | (0.88) | 25.40 | (2.45) | 33.02 | (2.80) | 26.05 | (1.65) | 26.67 | (2.51) | F = 12.40a,b,c,d | <0.001 |
| Life event exposure (adjusted); mean (SE) | 2.78 | (0.04) | 3.01 | (0.05) | 3.21 | (0.05) | 3.06 | (0.05) | 3.18 | (0.07) | ||
| Life event distress (raw); mean (SE) | 2.74 | (0.07) | 3.40 | (0.10) | 3.81 | (0.10) | 3.66 | (0.10) | 3.82 | (0.15) | F = 32.48a,b,c,d | <0.001 |
| Life event distress (adjusted); mean (SE) | 2.68 | (0.08) | 3.46 | (0.09) | 3.80 | (0.09) | 3.67 | (0.09) | 3.88 | (0.13) | ||
| Trauma history (raw); n (%) | 27 | (14.8) | 63 | (51.6) | 67 | (54.5) | 72 | (63.7) | 40 | (60.6) | χ2= 89.10a,b,c,d | <0.001 |
| Trauma history (adjusted); % (SE) | 13.49 | (2.43) | 53.74 | (4.47) | 54.74 | (4.34) | 64.17 | (4.39) | 62.76 | (5.73) | ||
CHR: Clinical high-risk; SE: standard error.
1For all continuous variables, raw (untransformed variable) and adjusted (transformed variable, for all except life event distress, adjusted for age, sex, current antipsychotic medication) descriptive statistics provided. For categorical variables, raw (absolute n and %) and adjusted (age-, sex- and antipsychotic-adjusted proportions and SE) descriptive statistics provided.
Missing data: daily stressor exposure (n=17); daily stressor distress (n=19); life event exposure (n=14); life event distress (n=30), trauma history (n=56). Bold font indicates p < 0.05 for effect of group status. Pair-wise comparisons with Sidak corrections for multiple testing p <0.05: a Controls vs. CHR Remitted; b Controls vs. CHR Symptomatic; c Controls vs. CHR Progressed; d Controls vs. CHR Converted; e CHR Remitted vs. CHR Symptomatic; f CHR Remitted vs. CHR Progressed; g CHR Remitted vs. CHR Converted; h CHR Symptomatic vs. CHR Progressed; i CHR Symptomatic vs. CHR Converted; j CHR Progressed vs. CHR Converted.