Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and inter­action energy and DFT studies of 2-(2,3-di­hydro-1H-perimidin-2-yl)-6-meth­oxy­phenol

The title compound consists of perimidin and meth­oxy­phenol units. In the crystal, O—H_Phnl⋯N_Prmdn and N—H_Prmdn⋯O_Phnl (Phnl = phenol and Prmdn = perimidine) hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into infinite chains along the b-axis direction. C—H⋯π inter­actions may further stabilize the crystal structure.

Abstract

The title compound, C₁₈H₁₆N₂O₂, consists of perimidine and meth­oxy­phenol units, where the tricyclic perimidine unit contains a naphthalene ring system and a non-planar C₄N₂ ring adopting an envelope conformation with the NCN group hinged by 47.44 (7)° with respect to the best plane of the other five atoms. In the crystal, O—H_Phnl⋯N_Prmdn and N—H_Prmdn⋯O_Phnl (Phnl = phenol and Prmdn = perimidine) hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into infinite chains along the b-axis direction. Weak C—H⋯π inter­actions may further stabilize the crystal structure. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H⋯H (49.0%), H⋯C/C⋯H (35.8%) and H⋯O/O⋯H (12.0%) inter­actions. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals inter­actions are the dominant inter­actions in the crystal packing. Computational chemistry indicates that in the crystal, the O—H_Phnl⋯N_Prmdn and N—H_Prmdn⋯O_Phnl hydrogen-bond energies are 58.4 and 38.0 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) optimized structures at the B3LYP/ 6–311 G(d,p) level are compared with the experimentally determined mol­ecular structure in the solid state. The HOMO–LUMO behaviour was elucidated to determine the energy gap.

Chemical context  

Six-membered heterocyclic compounds carrying two nitro­gen atoms have been widely studied (Aly & El-Shaieb, 2004 ▸; Koca et al., 2012 ▸; Zhao et al., 2012 ▸; Baranov & Fadeev, 2016 ▸; Lahmidi et al., 2018 ▸). Perimidine derivatives (peri­naphtho-fused perimidine ring systems) in particular have aroused a lot of inter­est because of their applications in photophysics (Del Valle et al., 1997 ▸) and their use as colouring matters for polyester fibers (Claramunt et al., 1995 ▸) and as fluorescent materials (Varsha et al., 2010 ▸). These mol­ecules have a wide range of biological applications (Dzieduszycka et al., 2002 ▸), indicating that the perimidine group is a potentially useful model in medicinal chemistry research and therapeutic applications. In coordination chemistry, perimidine derivatives have been studied for their inter­esting catalytic activities (Cucciolito et al., 2013a ▸; Akıncı et al., 2014 ▸) as well as in the field of corrosion inhibition (He et al., 2018 ▸). As a continuation of our research on the development of new perimidine derivatives with potential pharmacological applications, we studied the condensation reaction of ortho-vanillin and 1,8-di­aminona­phthalene in ether under agitation at room temperature, which gave the title compound, 2-(2,3-di­hydro-1H-perimidin-2-yl)-6-meth­oxy­phenol, in good yield. We report herein the synthesis, the mol­ecular and crystal structures along with Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational calculations of the title compound, (I).

Structural commentary  

The title compound, (I), consists of perimidine and meth­oxy­phenol units, where the tricyclic perimidine unit contains a naphthalene ring system and a non-planar C₄N₂ ring (Fig. 1 ▸). A puckering analysis of the non-planar six-membered C₄N₂, B (N1/N2/C1/C9–C11), ring gave the parameters q ₂ = 0.3879 (12) Å, q ₃ = −0.2565 (12) Å, Q _T = 0.4650 (13) Å, θ₂ = 123.47 (15)° and φ₂ = 235.98 (18)°]. The ring adopts an envelope conformation, where atom C1 is at the flap position and at a distance of 0.6454 (12) Å from the best plane through the other five atoms. The C₄N₂ ring is hinged about the N⋯N vector with the N1—C1—N2 plane being inclined by 47.44 (7)° to the best plane of the other five atoms (N1/N2/C9–C11). In the meth­oxy­phenol moiety, the C8—O2—C4—C5 and C8—O2—C4—C3 torsion angles are −2.9 (2)° and 176.72 (12)°, respectively. Rings A (C2–C7), C (C10–C15) and D (C9/C10/C15–C18) are oriented at dihedral angles of A/C = 65.39 (4)°, A/D = 69.63 (4)° and C/D = 4.31 (3)°.

Figure 1.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound with the atom-numbering scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.

Supra­molecular features  

In the crystal, O—H_Phnl⋯N_Prmdn and N—H_Prmdn⋯O_Phnl (Phnl = phenol and Prmdn = perimidine) hydrogen bonds (Table 1 ▸) link the mol­ecules into infinite chains along the b-axis direction (Fig. 2 ▸). The C—H⋯π inter­actions (Table 1 ▸) may further stabilize the crystal structure.

Table 1. Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °).

Cg1 and Cg4 are the centroids of rings A (C2–C7) and D (C9/C10/C15–C18), respectively.

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
O1—H1O⋯N2	0.82	1.96	2.6667 (14)	144
N2—H2N⋯O1i	0.864 (15)	2.196 (15)	2.9870 (14)	152.2 (13)
C8—H8A⋯Cg1iv	0.96	2.82	3.6580 (17)	146
C13—H13⋯Cg4i	0.93	2.87	3.7336 (16)	155
C16—H16⋯Cg1v	0.93	2.87	3.4880 (15)	125

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (iv) ; (v) .

Figure 2.

A partial packing diagram viewed along the a-axis direction with O—H_Phnl⋯N_Prmdn and N—H_Prmdn⋯O_Phnl (Phnl = phenol and Prmdn = perimidine) hydrogen bonds shown as dashed lines. H-atoms not included in hydrogen bonding have been omitted for clarity.

Hirshfeld surface analysis  

In order to visualize the inter­molecular inter­actions in the crystal of the title compound, a Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis (Hirshfeld, 1977 ▸; Spackman & Jayatilaka, 2009 ▸) was carried out by using Crystal Explorer 17.5 (Turner et al., 2017 ▸). In the HS plotted over d _norm (Fig. 3 ▸), the white surface indicates contacts with distances equal to the sum of van der Waals radii, and the red and blue colours indicate distances shorter (in close contact) or longer (distinct contact) than the van der Waals radii, respectively (Venkatesan et al., 2016 ▸). The bright-red spot appearing near O1 indicates its role as the respective donor and/or acceptor; it also appears as blue and red regions corresponding to positive and negative potentials on the HS mapped over electrostatic potential (Spackman et al., 2008 ▸; Jayatilaka et al., 2005 ▸) as shown in Fig. 4 ▸. The blue regions indicate the positive electrostatic potential (hydrogen-bond donors), while the red regions indicate the negative electrostatic potential (hydrogen-bond acceptors). The shape-index of the HS is a tool to visualize the π–π stacking by the presence of adjacent red and blue triangles; if there are no adjacent red and/or blue triangles, then there are no π–π inter­actions. Fig. 5 ▸ clearly suggests that there are no π–π inter­actions in (I).

Figure 3.

View of the three-dimensional Hirshfeld surface of the title compound plotted over d _norm in the range −0.4133 to 1.3883 a.u.

Figure 4.

View of the three-dimensional Hirshfeld surface of the title compound plotted over electrostatic potential energy in the range −0.0500 to 0.0500 a.u. using the STO-3 G basis set at the Hartree–Fock level of theory. Hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors are shown as blue and red regions around the atoms corresponding to positive and negative potentials, respectively.

Figure 5.

Hirshfeld surface of the title compound plotted over shape-index.

The overall two-dimensional fingerprint plot, Fig. 6 ▸ a, and those delineated into H⋯H, H⋯C/C⋯H, H⋯O/O⋯H, H⋯N/N⋯H, C⋯C and O⋯C/C⋯O contacts (McKinnon et al., 2007 ▸) are illustrated in Fig. 6 ▸ b-g, respectively, together with their relative contributions to the Hirshfeld surface. The most important inter­action is H⋯H contributing 49.0% to the overall crystal packing, which is reflected in Fig. 6 ▸ b as widely scattered points of high density due to the large hydrogen-atom content of the mol­ecule with the tip at d _e = d _i = 1.20 Å. In the presence of C—H⋯π inter­actions, the pair of characteristic wings in the fingerprint plot, Fig. 6 ▸ c, delineated into H⋯C/C⋯H contacts (Table 2 ▸; 35.8% contribution to the HS) have the tips at d _e + d _i = 2.68 Å. The pair of spikes in the fingerprint plot delineated into H⋯O/O⋯H contacts (12.0% contribution, Fig. 6 ▸ d) have a symmetrical distribution of points with the tips at d _e + d _i = 3.03 Å. The H⋯N/N⋯H contacts (Fig. 6 ▸ e, 1.8% contribution) have a distribution of points with the tips at d _e + d _i = 2.72 Å. The C⋯C contacts (0.8%, Fig. 6 ▸ f) have the tip at d _e = d _i = 3.37 Å. Finally, the O⋯C/C⋯O inter­actions make only a 0.5% contribution to the overall crystal packing.

Figure 6.

The full two-dimensional fingerprint plots for the title compound, showing (a) all inter­actions, and delineated into (b) H⋯H, (c) H⋯C/C⋯H, (d) H⋯O/O⋯H, (e) H⋯N/N⋯H and (f) O⋯C/C⋯O inter­actions. The d _i and d _e values are the closest inter­nal and external distances (in Å) from given points on the Hirshfeld surface contacts.

Table 2. Selected interatomic distances (Å).

O1⋯O2	2.5772 (14)	C5⋯H8A i	2.94
O1⋯N2	2.6668 (14)	C5⋯H8B	2.72
C12⋯O1i	3.1736 (17)	C5⋯H8C	2.80
C17⋯O1ii	3.3145 (17)	C8⋯H5	2.55
C11⋯O1i	3.3650 (15)	H13⋯C9i	2.93
N2⋯O1i	2.9867 (14)	H13⋯C10i	2.97
H2N⋯O1i	2.196 (15)	C10⋯H1	2.95
H18⋯O1ii	2.88	C12⋯H1O i	2.88
H12⋯O1i	2.66	H1⋯H7	2.39
H17⋯O1ii	2.63	H1N⋯H18	2.44
O2⋯H6iii	2.87	H1O⋯H2N	2.31
N1⋯H1O	2.86	H17⋯H1O ii	2.57
H12⋯N1i	2.86	H18⋯H1O ii	2.47
N2⋯H1O	1.96	H2N⋯H12	2.43
C18⋯C12ii	3.567 (2)	H5⋯H8B	2.28
C1⋯H1O	2.46	H5⋯H8C	2.40
C4⋯H8A i	2.92	H14⋯H16	2.53

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) .

The Hirshfeld surface representations with the function d _norm plotted onto the surface are shown for the H⋯H, H⋯C/C⋯H and H⋯O/O⋯H inter­actions in Fig. 7 ▸ a–c, respectively.

Figure 7.

The Hirshfeld surface representations with the function d _norm plotted onto the surface for (a) H⋯H, (b) H⋯C/C⋯H and (c) H⋯O/O⋯H inter­actions.

The Hirshfeld surface analysis confirms the importance of H-atom contacts in establishing the packing. The large number of H⋯H, H⋯C/C⋯H and H⋯O/O⋯H inter­actions suggest that van der Waals inter­actions and hydrogen bonding play the major roles in the crystal packing (Hathwar et al., 2015 ▸).

Inter­action energy calculations  

The inter­molecular inter­action energies were calculated using the CE–B3LYP/6–31G(d,p) energy model available in Crystal Explorer 17.5 (Turner et al., 2017 ▸), where a cluster of mol­ecules is generated by applying crystallographic symmetry operations with respect to a selected central mol­ecule within a default radius of 3.8 Å (Turner et al., 2014 ▸). The total inter­molecular energy (E _tot) is the sum of electrostatic (E _ele), polarization (E _pol), dispersion (E _dis) and exchange-repulsion (E _rep) energies (Turner et al., 2015 ▸) with scale factors of 1.057, 0.740, 0.871 and 0.618, respectively (Mackenzie et al., 2017 ▸). Hydrogen-bonding inter­action energies (in kJ mol⁻¹) were calculated as −37.5 (E _ele), −7.8 (E _pol), −52.0 (E _dis), 52.4 (E _rep) and −58.4 (E _tot) [or O1—H1O⋯N2 and −11.3 (E _ele), −3.4 (E _pol), −48.4 (E _dis), 30.0 (E _rep) and −38.0 (E _tot) for N2—H2N⋯O1.

DFT calculations  

The optimized structure of the title compound, (I), in the gas phase was generated theoretically via density functional theory (DFT) using standard B3LYP functional and 6–311 G(d,p) basis-set calculations (Becke, 1993 ▸) as implemented in GAUSSIAN 09 (Frisch et al., 2009 ▸). The theoretical and experimental results were in good agreement (Table 3 ▸). The highest-occupied mol­ecular orbital (HOMO), acting as an electron donor, and the lowest-unoccupied mol­ecular orbital (LUMO), acting as an electron acceptor, are very important parameters for quantum chemistry. When the energy gap is small, the mol­ecule is highly polarizable and has high chemical reactivity. The DFT calculations provide some important information on the reactivity and site selectivity of the mol­ecular framework. E _HOMO and E _LUMO clarify the inevitable charge-exchange collaboration inside the studied material, electronegativity (χ), hardness (η), potential (μ), electrophilicity (ω) and softness (σ) are recorded in Table 4 ▸. The significance of η and σ is for the evaluation of both the reactivity and stability. The electron transition from the HOMO to the LUMO energy level is shown in Fig. 8 ▸. The HOMO and LUMO are localized in the plane extending from the whole 2-(2,3-di­hydro-1H-perimidin-2-yl)-6-meth­oxy­phenol ring. The energy band gap [ΔE = E _LUMO − E _HOMO] of the mol­ecule is about 2.6162 eV, and the frontier mol­ecular orbital energies, E _HOMO and E _LUMO are −3.1985 and −0.5823 eV, respectively.

Table 3. Comparison of selected (X-ray and DFT) geometric data (Å, °).

Bonds/angles	X-ray	B3LYP/6–311G(d,p)
O1—C3	1.3587 (14)	1.38948
O1—H1O a	0.82	0.97611
N1—C9	1.3865 (16)	1.39921
N1—C1	1.4529 (17)	1.47118
N1—H1N	0.870 (15)	0.90721
C1—N2	1.4745 (16)	1.47531
C1—C2	1.5074 (17)	1.51309
O2—C4	1.3677 (15)	1.40231
O2—C8	1.4088 (17)	1.45201
N2—C11	1.4124 (16)	1.39016
N2—H2N	0.864 (15)	0.90717
C3—O1—H1O a	109.5	109.04
C9—N1—C1	116.86 (10)	117.19
C9—N1—H1N	115.4 (10)	116.29
C1—N1—H1N	113.3 (10)	114.01
N1—C1—N2	106.56 (10)	106.87
N1—C1—C2	109.17 (10)	110.78
N2—C1—C2	111.38 (10)	110.82
N1—C1—H1a	109.9	110.12
N2—C1—H1a	109.9	109.09

Note: (a) These four entries were not refined, as they each include a constrained H atom.

Table 4. Calculated energies.

Mol­ecular Energy (a.u.) (eV)	Compound (I)
Total Energy TE (eV)	−26013
E HOMO (eV)	−3.1985
E LUMO (eV)	−0.5823
Gap, ΔE (eV)	2.6162
Dipole moment, μ (Debye)	7.0880
Ionization potential, I (eV)	3.1985
Electron affinity, A	0.5823
Electronegativity, χ	1.8904
Hardness, η	1.3081
Electrophilicity index, ω	1.3660
Softness, σ	0.7645
Fraction of electrons transferred, ΔN	1.9530

Figure 8.

The energy band gap of the title compound, (I).

Database survey  

Similar compounds of the perimidine derivative have also been reported (Ghorbani, 2012 ▸; Fun et al., 2011 ▸; Maloney et al., 2013 ▸; Cucciolito et al., 2013b ▸; Manimekalai et al., 2014 ▸), in which the groups at position 2 are almost coplanar with the perimidic nucleus (Ghorbani, 2012 ▸; Fun et al., 2011 ▸; Cucciolito et al., 2013b ▸). The closest examples to the title compound, (I), are (II) (Cucciolito et al., 2013b ▸) and (III) (Fun et al., 2011 ▸), while (IV) (Ghorbani, 2012 ▸), (V) (Maloney et al., 2013 ▸) and (VI) (Manimekalai et al., 2014 ▸) are more distant relatives.

Synthesis and crystallization  

The title compound, (I), was synthesized from the condensation of ortho-vanillin (3 mmol) and 1,8- di­aminona­phthalene (4 mmol) in ether (30 ml) under agitation at room temperature. Brown single crystals were obtained by the slow evaporation of the acetone solvent after 15 days (yield: 75%).

Refinement  

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 5 ▸. The C-bound H atoms were positioned geometrically, with C—H = 0.93 Å (for aromatic H atoms and H14C, H15A and H15B of the allyl moiety), 0.98 Å (for methine H atom) and 0.97 Å (for methyl­ene H atoms), and constrained to ride on their parent atoms, with U _iso(H) = 1.2U _eq(C). The hydroxyl H atom was placed in a calculated position with O—H = 0.82 Å and U _iso(H) = 1.5U _eq(O) while H atoms bonded to N atoms were refined independently with U _iso(H) = 1.2U _eq(N)

Table 5. Experimental details.

Crystal data
Chemical formula	C18H16N2O2
M r	292.33
Crystal system, space group	Orthorhombic, P b c a
Temperature (K)	293
a, b, c (Å)	12.7245 (7), 9.5887 (6), 23.7276 (14)
V (Å3)	2895.0 (3)
Z	8
Radiation type	Mo Kα
μ (mm−1)	0.09
Crystal size (mm)	0.52 × 0.10 × 0.04
Data collection
Diffractometer	Rigaku XtaLAB PRO
Absorption correction	Multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2018 ▸)
T min, T max	0.390, 1.000
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	16885, 3499, 2640
R int	0.036
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1)	0.682
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S	0.045, 0.118, 1.04
No. of reflections	3496
No. of parameters	207
H-atom treatment	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)	0.20, −0.21

Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2018 ▸), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a ▸) and SHELXL2018/3 (Sheldrick, 2015b ▸).

Supplementary Material

CCDC reference: 1976883

Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report

supplementary crystallographic information

Crystal data

C18H16N2O2	Dx = 1.341 Mg m−3
Mr = 292.33	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Orthorhombic, Pbca	Cell parameters from 6789 reflections
a = 12.7245 (7) Å	θ = 3.2–28.1°
b = 9.5887 (6) Å	µ = 0.09 mm−1
c = 23.7276 (14) Å	T = 293 K
V = 2895.0 (3) Å3	Elongated platelet, brown
Z = 8	0.52 × 0.10 × 0.04 mm
F(000) = 1232

Data collection

Rigaku XtaLAB PRO diffractometer	3499 independent reflections
Radiation source: micro-focus sealed X-ray tube, Rigaku micromax 003	2640 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Rigaku Integrated Confocal MaxFlux double bounce multi-layer mirror optics monochromator	Rint = 0.036
Detector resolution: 5.811 pixels mm-1	θmax = 29.0°, θmin = 2.4°
ω scans	h = −16→14
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlisPro; Rigaku OD, 2018)	k = −12→13
Tmin = 0.390, Tmax = 1.000	l = −30→30
16885 measured reflections

Refinement

Refinement on F2	Primary atom site location: other
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.045	Hydrogen site location: mixed
wR(F2) = 0.118	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.04	w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0609P)2 + 0.4131P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
3496 reflections	(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
207 parameters	Δρmax = 0.20 e Å−3
0 restraints	Δρmin = −0.21 e Å−3

Special details

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Ų)

	x	y	z	Uiso*/Ueq
O1	0.73352 (7)	0.23966 (10)	0.63178 (4)	0.0437 (2)
H1O	0.731483	0.294081	0.658419	0.066*
N1	0.52935 (9)	0.35194 (11)	0.70590 (5)	0.0395 (3)
H1N	0.4730 (12)	0.3089 (15)	0.6946 (6)	0.047*
C1	0.57436 (10)	0.44289 (13)	0.66329 (5)	0.0373 (3)
H1	0.532216	0.528041	0.659972	0.045*
O2	0.72915 (8)	0.09678 (11)	0.53981 (4)	0.0519 (3)
N2	0.68133 (8)	0.47793 (11)	0.68254 (4)	0.0379 (3)
H2N	0.7113 (11)	0.5331 (16)	0.6587 (6)	0.045*
C2	0.57650 (10)	0.36729 (13)	0.60760 (5)	0.0363 (3)
C3	0.65312 (9)	0.26779 (12)	0.59586 (5)	0.0346 (3)
C4	0.64940 (10)	0.19120 (13)	0.54596 (5)	0.0383 (3)
C5	0.56894 (11)	0.21405 (14)	0.50790 (6)	0.0449 (3)
H5	0.566134	0.163263	0.474546	0.054*
C6	0.49246 (11)	0.31282 (15)	0.51959 (6)	0.0500 (4)
H6	0.438253	0.327981	0.494027	0.060*
C9	0.52580 (9)	0.40296 (12)	0.76054 (5)	0.0346 (3)
C7	0.49623 (11)	0.38823 (14)	0.56858 (6)	0.0458 (3)
H7	0.444503	0.454306	0.575894	0.055*
C8	0.72720 (13)	0.01056 (17)	0.49174 (7)	0.0603 (4)
H8A	0.788077	−0.048578	0.491698	0.090*
H8B	0.727304	0.067394	0.458433	0.090*
H8C	0.664899	−0.045880	0.492341	0.090*
C10	0.60767 (9)	0.49588 (12)	0.77664 (5)	0.0335 (3)
C11	0.68804 (9)	0.53139 (12)	0.73789 (5)	0.0347 (3)
C12	0.77148 (11)	0.61181 (14)	0.75512 (6)	0.0441 (3)
H12	0.825905	0.631841	0.730241	0.053*
C13	0.77415 (12)	0.66349 (15)	0.81036 (6)	0.0506 (4)
H13	0.830410	0.718819	0.821577	0.061*
C14	0.69668 (12)	0.63475 (14)	0.84781 (6)	0.0479 (3)
H14	0.699244	0.673103	0.883784	0.057*
C15	0.61190 (10)	0.54681 (13)	0.83261 (5)	0.0384 (3)
C16	0.53296 (10)	0.50546 (15)	0.87065 (6)	0.0451 (3)
H16	0.532878	0.540825	0.907150	0.054*
C17	0.45685 (11)	0.41435 (16)	0.85456 (6)	0.0498 (4)
H17	0.406633	0.386074	0.880644	0.060*
C18	0.45257 (10)	0.36232 (15)	0.79961 (6)	0.0445 (3)
H18	0.399877	0.299926	0.789503	0.053*

Atomic displacement parameters (Ų)

	U11	U22	U33	U12	U13	U23
O1	0.0417 (5)	0.0466 (5)	0.0427 (5)	0.0082 (4)	−0.0125 (4)	−0.0068 (4)
N1	0.0352 (6)	0.0420 (6)	0.0412 (6)	−0.0088 (5)	0.0001 (4)	−0.0046 (5)
C1	0.0358 (7)	0.0346 (6)	0.0416 (7)	0.0020 (5)	−0.0025 (5)	0.0001 (5)
O2	0.0499 (6)	0.0560 (6)	0.0499 (6)	0.0108 (5)	−0.0044 (4)	−0.0146 (5)
N2	0.0378 (6)	0.0389 (6)	0.0370 (6)	−0.0084 (5)	0.0024 (4)	0.0003 (4)
C2	0.0382 (6)	0.0346 (6)	0.0361 (6)	−0.0014 (5)	−0.0029 (5)	0.0039 (5)
C3	0.0336 (6)	0.0356 (6)	0.0347 (6)	−0.0029 (5)	−0.0035 (5)	0.0048 (5)
C4	0.0380 (7)	0.0381 (6)	0.0387 (7)	−0.0015 (5)	0.0007 (5)	0.0012 (5)
C5	0.0510 (8)	0.0482 (8)	0.0354 (7)	−0.0046 (6)	−0.0051 (6)	−0.0013 (6)
C6	0.0500 (8)	0.0550 (8)	0.0451 (8)	0.0023 (7)	−0.0163 (6)	0.0049 (7)
C9	0.0309 (6)	0.0339 (6)	0.0389 (7)	0.0033 (5)	−0.0009 (5)	0.0000 (5)
C7	0.0439 (7)	0.0458 (7)	0.0476 (8)	0.0072 (6)	−0.0095 (6)	0.0021 (6)
C8	0.0658 (10)	0.0599 (10)	0.0551 (9)	0.0081 (8)	0.0010 (7)	−0.0165 (8)
C10	0.0336 (6)	0.0298 (6)	0.0372 (6)	0.0032 (5)	−0.0017 (5)	0.0027 (5)
C11	0.0371 (6)	0.0300 (6)	0.0371 (6)	−0.0005 (5)	−0.0010 (5)	0.0020 (5)
C12	0.0431 (7)	0.0437 (7)	0.0454 (7)	−0.0106 (6)	−0.0011 (6)	0.0032 (6)
C13	0.0550 (9)	0.0468 (8)	0.0499 (8)	−0.0182 (7)	−0.0099 (6)	0.0010 (7)
C14	0.0599 (9)	0.0446 (7)	0.0392 (7)	−0.0069 (7)	−0.0064 (6)	−0.0033 (6)
C15	0.0414 (7)	0.0355 (6)	0.0384 (7)	0.0047 (5)	−0.0030 (5)	0.0016 (5)
C16	0.0445 (7)	0.0547 (8)	0.0362 (7)	0.0053 (6)	0.0017 (5)	−0.0019 (6)
C17	0.0380 (7)	0.0662 (9)	0.0452 (8)	0.0001 (7)	0.0079 (6)	0.0039 (7)
C18	0.0328 (7)	0.0502 (8)	0.0504 (8)	−0.0046 (6)	0.0027 (6)	−0.0005 (6)

Geometric parameters (Å, º)

O1—C3	1.3587 (14)	C9—C10	1.4230 (17)
O1—H1O	0.8200	C7—H7	0.9300
N1—C9	1.3865 (16)	C8—H8A	0.9600
N1—C1	1.4529 (17)	C8—H8B	0.9600
N1—H1N	0.870 (15)	C8—H8C	0.9600
C1—N2	1.4745 (16)	C10—C15	1.4161 (17)
C1—C2	1.5074 (17)	C10—C11	1.4168 (16)
C1—H1	0.9800	C11—C12	1.3744 (18)
O2—C4	1.3677 (15)	C12—C13	1.4017 (19)
O2—C8	1.4088 (17)	C12—H12	0.9300
N2—C11	1.4124 (16)	C13—C14	1.355 (2)
N2—H2N	0.864 (15)	C13—H13	0.9300
C2—C3	1.3922 (17)	C14—C15	1.4160 (19)
C2—C7	1.3930 (17)	C14—H14	0.9300
C3—C4	1.3942 (17)	C15—C16	1.4074 (18)
C4—C5	1.3826 (18)	C16—C17	1.359 (2)
C5—C6	1.386 (2)	C16—H16	0.9300
C5—H5	0.9300	C17—C18	1.397 (2)
C6—C7	1.370 (2)	C17—H17	0.9300
C6—H6	0.9300	C18—H18	0.9300
C9—C18	1.3710 (17)
O1···O2	2.5772 (14)	C5···H8Ai	2.94
O1···N2	2.6668 (14)	C5···H8B	2.72
C12···O1i	3.1736 (17)	C5···H8C	2.80
C17···O1ii	3.3145 (17)	C8···H5	2.55
C11···O1i	3.3650 (15)	H13···C9i	2.93
N2···O1i	2.9867 (14)	H13···C10i	2.97
H2N···O1i	2.196 (15)	C10···H1	2.95
H18···O1ii	2.88	C12···H1Oi	2.88
H12···O1i	2.66	H1···H7	2.39
H17···O1ii	2.63	H1N···H18	2.44
O2···H6iii	2.87	H1O···H2N	2.31
N1···H1O	2.86	H17···H1Oii	2.57
H12···N1i	2.86	H18···H1Oii	2.47
N2···H1O	1.96	H2N···H12	2.43
C18···C12ii	3.567 (2)	H5···H8B	2.28
C1···H1O	2.46	H5···H8C	2.40
C4···H8Ai	2.92	H14···H16	2.53
C3—O1—H1O	109.5	C2—C7—H7	119.5
C9—N1—C1	116.86 (10)	O2—C8—H8A	109.5
C9—N1—H1N	115.4 (10)	O2—C8—H8B	109.5
C1—N1—H1N	113.3 (10)	H8A—C8—H8B	109.5
N1—C1—N2	106.56 (10)	O2—C8—H8C	109.5
N1—C1—C2	109.17 (10)	H8A—C8—H8C	109.5
N2—C1—C2	111.38 (10)	H8B—C8—H8C	109.5
N1—C1—H1	109.9	C15—C10—C11	119.89 (11)
N2—C1—H1	109.9	C15—C10—C9	119.70 (11)
C2—C1—H1	109.9	C11—C10—C9	120.31 (11)
C4—O2—C8	117.50 (11)	C12—C11—N2	121.79 (11)
C11—N2—C1	115.25 (10)	C12—C11—C10	119.96 (11)
C11—N2—H2N	111.1 (10)	N2—C11—C10	118.20 (10)
C1—N2—H2N	110.1 (10)	C11—C12—C13	119.68 (12)
C3—C2—C7	118.64 (12)	C11—C12—H12	120.2
C3—C2—C1	121.17 (11)	C13—C12—H12	120.2
C7—C2—C1	120.00 (11)	C14—C13—C12	121.57 (13)
O1—C3—C2	122.54 (11)	C14—C13—H13	119.2
O1—C3—C4	116.99 (11)	C12—C13—H13	119.2
C2—C3—C4	120.47 (11)	C13—C14—C15	120.54 (12)
O2—C4—C5	125.78 (12)	C13—C14—H14	119.7
O2—C4—C3	114.47 (11)	C15—C14—H14	119.7
C5—C4—C3	119.75 (12)	C16—C15—C14	123.25 (12)
C4—C5—C6	119.84 (12)	C16—C15—C10	118.50 (12)
C4—C5—H5	120.1	C14—C15—C10	118.24 (12)
C6—C5—H5	120.1	C17—C16—C15	120.63 (13)
C7—C6—C5	120.39 (12)	C17—C16—H16	119.7
C7—C6—H6	119.8	C15—C16—H16	119.7
C5—C6—H6	119.8	C16—C17—C18	121.31 (13)
C18—C9—N1	123.65 (12)	C16—C17—H17	119.3
C18—C9—C10	119.61 (12)	C18—C17—H17	119.3
N1—C9—C10	116.62 (11)	C9—C18—C17	120.20 (13)
C6—C7—C2	120.90 (13)	C9—C18—H18	119.9
C6—C7—H7	119.5	C17—C18—H18	119.9
C9—N1—C1—N2	56.76 (13)	C18—C9—C10—C15	−0.81 (17)
C9—N1—C1—C2	177.15 (10)	N1—C9—C10—C15	−176.97 (10)
N1—C1—N2—C11	−52.57 (13)	C18—C9—C10—C11	175.67 (11)
C2—C1—N2—C11	−171.54 (10)	N1—C9—C10—C11	−0.50 (16)
N1—C1—C2—C3	−78.14 (14)	C1—N2—C11—C12	−157.13 (12)
N2—C1—C2—C3	39.26 (16)	C1—N2—C11—C10	25.13 (15)
N1—C1—C2—C7	96.72 (13)	C15—C10—C11—C12	1.88 (17)
N2—C1—C2—C7	−145.88 (12)	C9—C10—C11—C12	−174.59 (11)
C7—C2—C3—O1	−179.32 (11)	C15—C10—C11—N2	179.66 (10)
C1—C2—C3—O1	−4.39 (18)	C9—C10—C11—N2	3.19 (17)
C7—C2—C3—C4	0.17 (18)	N2—C11—C12—C13	179.45 (12)
C1—C2—C3—C4	175.10 (11)	C10—C11—C12—C13	−2.86 (19)
C8—O2—C4—C5	−2.9 (2)	C11—C12—C13—C14	0.8 (2)
C8—O2—C4—C3	176.72 (12)	C12—C13—C14—C15	2.2 (2)
O1—C3—C4—O2	−0.28 (16)	C13—C14—C15—C16	175.57 (13)
C2—C3—C4—O2	−179.80 (11)	C13—C14—C15—C10	−3.1 (2)
O1—C3—C4—C5	179.39 (12)	C11—C10—C15—C16	−177.68 (11)
C2—C3—C4—C5	−0.13 (18)	C9—C10—C15—C16	−1.19 (17)
O2—C4—C5—C6	179.60 (12)	C11—C10—C15—C14	1.09 (17)
C3—C4—C5—C6	0.0 (2)	C9—C10—C15—C14	177.58 (11)
C4—C5—C6—C7	0.2 (2)	C14—C15—C16—C17	−176.13 (13)
C1—N1—C9—C18	152.51 (12)	C10—C15—C16—C17	2.57 (19)
C1—N1—C9—C10	−31.50 (15)	C15—C16—C17—C18	−2.0 (2)
C5—C6—C7—C2	−0.1 (2)	N1—C9—C18—C17	177.36 (12)
C3—C2—C7—C6	−0.1 (2)	C10—C9—C18—C17	1.5 (2)
C1—C2—C7—C6	−175.04 (13)	C16—C17—C18—C9	−0.1 (2)

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+3/2, y+1/2, z; (ii) x−1/2, y, −z+3/2; (iii) x+1/2, −y+1/2, −z+1.

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º)

Cg1 and Cg4 are the centroids of rings A (C2–C7) and D (C9/C10/C15–C18), respectively.

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
O1—H1O···N2	0.82	1.96	2.6667 (14)	144
N2—H2N···O1i	0.864 (15)	2.196 (15)	2.9870 (14)	152.2 (13)
C8—H8A···Cg1iv	0.96	2.82	3.6580 (17)	146
C13—H13···Cg4i	0.93	2.87	3.7336 (16)	155
C16—H16···Cg1v	0.93	2.87	3.4880 (15)	125

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+3/2, y+1/2, z; (iv) x, −y−1/2, z−1/2; (v) x+1/2, −y−1/2, −z.

Funding Statement

This work was funded by Hacettepe University Scientific Research Project Unit grant 013 D04 602 004 to T. Hokkelek.