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. 2020 Apr 23;30:105579. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105579

Experimental Data on design, theoretical and correlation of the electronic and optical properties of diethynylphenylthiophene as photovoltaic materials

Yenny Ávilla Torres 1,, Melissa Suarez 2, Carolina Caicedo 1, Hoover Valencia 2, Edwin Flórez-López 1
PMCID: PMC7200241  PMID: 32382602

Abstract

The article show the date associated with the work previously reported “Design, theoretical and correlation of the electronic and optical properties of diethynylphenylthiophene as photovoltaic materials”, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127093[1]. The authors reported graphics and tables building from of p-PDT, m-PDT, o-PDT, p-ZnPDT, m -ZnPDT and o-ZnPDT calculations as raw date, with the aim of to show electronic and optical properties, which can be analyzed by the reader. In this context, there exists an important number of renewable energies that are substituting the oil and the charcoal be used in the energetic supply. One of these alternatives is the use of solar cells, which can be use in diverse areas like telecommunications, remote systems of monitoring, lighting systems, water treatment systems, and products of consumption. The employment of the organic photovoltaic technology and photosensitized organic materials are based on the use of molecular organic materials for coverings for ceiling and windows of a house that allow the storage of energy. The OPVs and DSSC present π conjugated systems, giving them a high electronic relocated density, which allows catching the radiations with an energy range of wavelengths between 400 and 800 nm. The systems are derived of diethynylphenylthiophene (LMWOM) coupled to phenyldiamine (PD) as spacer, forming hyper conjugated macrocycles (p-PDT, m-PDT, o-PDT, p-ZnPDT, m -ZnPDT and o-ZnPDT). On the other hand, it is reported process electronic relationship with material sensitized and the bibliographic support of the publication topic.

Keywords: Photosensitized materials, Acceptor- donor structure, Solar applications


Specifications table

Subject Organic Chemistry
Specific subject area Science Materials
Type of data Tables and Figures
How data were acquired Spectroscopic characterization (UV- Vis) DFT data (Bond distances and angles of optimized molecules) Structural strategies in photosensitized materials with potential applications in solar cells.
Data format Raw
Parameters for data collection The information is obtained from the raw data derived from Gaussian 09 computing program, which can be analyzed by the reader. The authors reported bond lengths for p-PDT, m-PDT and o-PDT and o-ZnPDT and m-ZnPDT. This allows to interpret the specific effect for atom by presence of zinc(II). Also, the directionally of the dipole moment is shown, the donor - acceptor map in relationship to attacks environmental. The dipole moment allows establishing the planarity of the molecules, and comparing them with similar ones.
Description of data collection Angles and dipolar moment associated to lineal Molecule (LMWOM (1), moment dipolar associated to macrocycles with different spacers a). o-PDT, b). m-PDT and c). p-PDT, optimization of lineal molecule coordinated Lewis acid (angles, structure molecular, HOMO- LUMO description) and Donor- Acceptor capacity for macrocycles studied in relationship with Reactive Species capacity, which can degrade in outdoors conditions, also reported. The readers can calculate the GAP according to the acceptor capacity and if they wish to apply these materials in the photovoltaic cell industry, they can estimate their corrosion or damage by agents such as hydroxyl radicals. Also, the authors show a revision of molecules associated with applications in solar cells, reporting data which the reader can compare the optical and electronic properties, with final results in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127093. Finally, a new synthesized molecule is proposed, for which the data have not been analyzed and is a striking molecule for readers.
Data source location Institution: Universidad Santiago de Cali
Data accessibility The data are found only in this article M. Suarez, C. Caicedo, J. Morales, E. Florez- López, Y. Ávila- Torres, Design, theoretical study and correlation of the electronic and optical properties of diethynylphenylthiophene as photovoltaic materials. Journal of Molecular Structure, 2020, 127093 [1].
Related research article M. Suarez, C. Caicedo, J. Morales, Flórez- López E, Ávila- Torres Y. Design, theoretical study and correlation of the electronic and optical properties of diethynylphenythiophene as photovoltaic materials, Journal of Molecular Structure 2020, 127093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127093

Value of the Data

  • These data are important because the distances and complete angles are reported, which have not been treated in relation to a new molecule derived from diethynylphenylthiophene. Likewise, the authors proposed other molecule derived with benzothiphene (BT), which could have best photovoltaic properties.

  • The authors reported theoretical data for precursor molecules of macrocycles, the reader can stablish isomeric effects on the photovoltaic properties and improve the design of new molecules in the field.

  • The readers can perform new theoretical calculations matching the macrocycles from diethynylphenyltiophene and benzothiphene (BT) considering o- m and p- phenyldiamine as spacer.

  • These molecules can be used as new biomimetic materials to biological macrocycles as porphyrin. This macrocycle allows electronic transport using the metallic ion: iron. The readers can compare the electronic properties with other transition metal in configuration d10, such as: zinc(II).

1. Data

The distances and angles associated to the structure were calculated with the minimum energy in each case, for each optimized spacer and its respective macrocycle, Fig. 1 and 2, Table 1 and 2. The effect of Lewis acid is observed in the Table 3, in where were reported angles and distances associated to molecule optimized with these conditions. In the Fig. 3 is described the electronic process in a sensitized material, by means of which electronic transport occurs in this type of molecules. In the Fig. 4, the vector relationship with dipolar moment is showed for LMWOM (1) and macrocycles, which facilities la visibility on a plane specific, Fig. 5 and 6. The Lewis effect for lineal molecule is observed in the Fig. 7, stabilizing angles, structure molecular and HOMO- LUMO orbitals and its donor and acceptor capacity in sensitized molecules under typical environmental conditions. In the Table 4, the authors show the graphical comparison between molecule reported previously and new molecule synthesized in relation to electronic excitations, with the aim the readers can analyse of date and establish structural correlations. Likewise, in the Fig. 8, the IR spectrum of Synthetized molecule as potential photovoltaic materials derivate of diethynylphenylthiophene and Fig. 9, the mass spectrum m/z for the new molecule derivated of diethynylphenylthiophene, which has been proposed. Finally, in the Table 5 and 6 is reported the evolution in photosensitised materials with similar structural to the molecules synthesized, and the readers realize structural comparisons for to obtain best photovoltaic parameters.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

Optimization of lineal molecule coordinated Lewis acid, a). Angles, b). Structure molecular, c). HOMO- LUMO description

Fig. 1.

Figure 1

Chemical structure for a). p-Phenylenediamine (p- PD), b). m-Phenylenediamine (m- PD) and c). o-Phenylenediamine (o- PD)

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Chemical structure for a) o-PDT and b). m-PDT

Table 1.

Bond lengths for p- PD, m- PD and o- PD.

BOND p-PD BOND m-PD BOND o-PD
N1-C1 1.40995 N1-C1 1.40098 N1-C1 1.41077
C1-C2 1.40212 C1-C2 1.40516 C1-C2 1.39621
C2-C3 1.39240 C2-C3 1.39239 C2-C3 1.39703
C3-C4 1.40212 C3-C4 1.39246 C3-C4 1.39289
C4-N2 1.40997 C4-C5 1.40510 C4-C5 1.39708
C4-C5 1.40211 C5-N2 1.40084 C5-C6 1.39615
C5-C6 1.39242 C5-C6 1.40151 C6-N2 1.41086
C6-C1 1.40210 C6-C1 1.40141 C6-C1 1.41443
ANGLE p-PD ANGLE m-PD ANGLE o-PD
N1-C1-C6 121.09033 N1-C1-C6 120.46212 N1-C1-C6 117.73855
C2-C1-N1 121.08921 C2-C1-N1 120.18014 C2-C1-N1 117.74929
C5-C4-N2 121.08974 C5-C6-N2 120.17260 C5-C6-N2 122.91470
C3-C4-N2 121.08967 C5-C4-N2 120.47366 C1-C6-N2 122.90703

Table 2.

Bond lengths for o-PDT and m-PDT

BOND o-PDT BOND o-PDT
C1-C2 1.41050 C1′-C2′ 1.40955
C2-C3 1.41198 C2′-C3′ 1.41360
C2-C4 1.42053 C2′-C4′ 1.42036
C4-C5 1.21882 C4′-C5′ 1.21970
C5-C6 1.40409 C5′-C6′ 1.40432
C6-C7 1.38497 C6′-C7′ 1.38814
C6-S1 1.75934 C6′-S1′ 1.75211
C7-C8 1.41023 C7′-C8′ 1.41382
C8-C9 1.38572 C8′-C9′ 1.38233
S1-C9 1.74889 S1′-C9′ 1.74700
C9-C10 1.46061 C9′-C10′ 1.45101
C10-N1 1.27931 C10′-N1′ 1.28328
N1-C11 1.39735 N1′-C11′ 1.40788
C11-C12 1.40467 C11′-C12′ 1.40203
C12-C13 1.39364 C12′-C13′ 1.39185
C13-C16 1.39601 C13′-C16′ 1.39680
C11-C14 1.42227 C11′-C14′ 1.42244
C14-C15 1.40460 C14′-C15′ 1.40797
C15-C16 1.39382 C15′-C16′ 1.39170
C14-N2 1.39592 C14′-N2′ 1.40368
N2-C17 1.27960 N2′-C17′ 1.27947
C17-C18 1.46174 C17′-C18′ 1.45903
C18-S2 1.75088 C18′-S2′ 1.75355
C18-C19 1.38645 C18′-C19′ 1.38542
C19-C20 1.40827 C19′-C20′ 1.40816
C20-C21 1.38631 C20′-C21′ 1.38710
S2-C21 1.75885 S2′-C21′ 1.75909
C21-C22 1.40339 C21′-C22′ 1.40363
C22-C23 1.21935 C22′-C23′ 1.21964
C23-C24 1.41957 C23′-C24′ 1.42004
C24-C25 1.41173 C24′-C25′ 1.41177
C24-C26 1.41240 C24′-C26′ 1.41209
ANGLE o-PDT ANGLE o-PDT
C6-S1-C9 91.64282 C6′-S1′-C9′ 91.83895
C4-C5-C6 176.76564 C4′-C5′-C6′ 170.61957
C9-C10-N1 133.41464 C9′-C10′-N1′ 123.84971
C10-N1-C11 126.44810 C10′-N1′-C11′ 117.15231
C14-N2-C17 126.71523 C14′-N2′-C17′ 125.81983
N2-C17-C18 134.24868 N2′-C17′-C18′ 132.84811
C18-S2-C21 91.68627 C18′-S2′-C21′ 91.56327
C22-C23-C24 177.23143 C22′-C23′-C24′ 173.33124
BOND m-PDT BOND m-PDT
C1-C2 1.41037 C1′-C2′ 1.40985
C2-C3 1.41164 C2′-C3′ 1.41149
C2-C4 1.42061 C2′-C4′ 1.42256
C4-C5 1.21877 C4′-C5′ 1.21864
C5-C6 1.40402 C5′-C6′ 1.40650
C6-C7 1.38601 C6′-C7′ 1.38533
C6-S1 1.75682 C6′-S1′ 1.75705
C7-C8 1.40863 C7′-C8′ 1.41379
C8-C9 1.38577 C8′-C9′ 1.38230
S1-C9 1.74922 S1′-C9′ 1.74531
C9-C10 1.46010 C9′-C10′ 1.44629
C10-N1 1.27938 C10′-N1′ 1.28368
N1-C11 1.40631 N1′-C11′ 1.40182
C11-C12 1.40780 C11′-C12′ 1.40437
C12-C13 1.39011 C12′-C13′ 1.39162
C13-C16 1.39457 C13′-C16′ 1.39392
C11-C14 1.40066 C11′-C14′ 1.40561
C14-C15 1.40539 C14′-C15′ 1.40261
C15-C16 1.40518 C15′-C16′ 1.40446
C15-N2 1.40487 C15′-N2′ 1.40927
N2-C17 1.28431 N2′-C17′ 1.28055
C17-C18 1.44484 C17′-C18′ 1.45943
C18-S2 1.74615 C18′-S2′ 1.74993
C18-C19 1.38320 C18′-C19′ 1.38594
C19-C20 1.41030 C19′-C20′ 1.40873
C20-C21 1.38751 C20′-C21′ 1.38691
S2-C21 1.75824 S2′-C21′ 1.75567
C21-C22 1.40311 C21′-C22′ 1.40336
C22-C23 1.21938 C22′-C23′ 1.21918
C23-C24 1.41902 C23′-C24′ 1.41914
C24-C25 1.41191 C24′-C25′ 1.41218
C24-C26 1.41202 C24′-C26′ 1.41146
ANGLE m-PDT ANGLE m-PDT
C6-S1-C9 91.58602 C6′-S1′-C9′ 91.25115
C4-C5-C6 176.60894 C4′-C5′-C6′ 174.54395
C9-C10-N1 133.49609 C9′-C10′-N1′ 120.67546
C10-N1-C11 125.00617 C10′-N1′-C11′ 121.79354
C15-N2-C17 119.65096 C15′-N2′-C17′ 122.90429
N2-C17-C18 122.41205 N2′-C17′-C18′ 132.54236
C18-S2-C21 91.21184 C18′-S2′-C21′ 91.60045
C22-C23-C24 176.53157 C22′-C23′-C24′ 176.52971

Table 3.

Bond lengths for o-ZnPDT and m-ZnPDT

BOND o-ZnPDT BOND o-ZnPDT
C1-C2 1.42186 C1′-C2′ 1.42085
C2-C3 1.42200 C2′-C3′ 1.42203
C2-C4 1.39809 C2′-C4′ 1.40421
C4-C5 1.23096 C4′-C5′ 1.22642
C5-C6 1.37774 C5′-C6′ 1.38966
C6-C7 1.41401 C6′-C7′ 1.39793
C6-S1 1.76622 C6′-S1′ 1.76099
C7-C8 1.38077 C7′-C8′ 1.39901
C8-C9 1.41980 C8′-C9′ 1.39235
S1-C9 1.77302 S1′-C9′ 1.74363
C9-C10 1.39719 C9′-C10′ 1.45137
C10-N1 1.34876 C10′-N1′ 1.28973
N1-C11 1.41129 N1′-C11′ 1.38923
N1-Zn 1.94290 —— —–
C11-C12 1.40441 C11′-C12′ 1.41240
C12-C13 1.38909 C12′-C13′ 1.38661
C13-C16 1.39950 C13′-C16′ 1.39841
C11-C14 1.42490 C11′-C14′ 1.43019
C14-C15 1.40415 C14′-C15′ 1.40692
C15-C16 1.38940 C15′-C16′ 1.39140
C14-N2 1.42133 C14′-N2′ 1.39140
N2-C17 1.32037 N2′-C17′ 1.28116
N2-Zn 1.94290 ——- ——-
Zn-O1 2.04892 ——- ——-
Zn-O2 2.01692 ——- ——-
C17-C18 1.40998 C17′-C18′ 1.46033
C18-S2 1.76353 C18′-S2′ 1.74750
C18-C19 1.39872 C18′-C19′ 1.38738
C19-C20 1.39833 C19′-C20′ 1.40658
C20-C21 1.39748 C20′-C21′ 1.38911
S2-C21 1.77176 S2′-C21′ 1.75841
C21-C22 1.38698 C21′-C22′ 1.40041
C22-C23 1.22618 C22′-C23′ 1.22148
C23-C24 1.40883 C23′-C24′ 1.41390
C24-C25 1.41651 C24′-C25′ 1.41519
C24-C26 1.41648 C24′-C26′ 1.41707
ANGLE o-ZnPDT ANGLE o-ZnPDT
C6-S1-C9 91.15801 C6′-S1′-C9′ 91.21665
C4-C5-C6 169.26435 C4′-C5′-C6′ 174.68969
C9-C10-N1 131.28692 C9′-C10′-N1′ 131.44237
C10-N1-C11 123.47215 C10′-N1′-C11′ 124.63288
N1-Zn-N2 89.22684 ——- ——-
C11-N1-Zn 107.56032 ——- ——-
C14-N2-Zn 107.03021 ——- ——-
O1-Zn-O2 98.13725 ——- ——-
C14-N2-C17 122.32526 C14′-N2′-C17′ 126.49626
N2-C17-C18 122.32526 N2′-C17′-C18′ 117.88437
C18-S2-C21 92.11041 C18′-S2′-C21′ 91.43543
C22-C23-C24 170.30390 C22′-C23′-C24′ 174.24680
BOND m-ZnPDT BOND m-ZnPDT
C1-C2 1.41236 C1′-C2′ 1.41337
C2-C3 1.41255 C2′-C3′ 1.41224
C2-C4 1.42046 C2′-C4′ 1.41906
C4-C5 1.22047 C4′-C5′ 1.22193
C5-C6 1.39833 C5′-C6′ 1.39501
C6-C7 1.39135 C6′-C7′ 1.37504
C6-S1 1.76394 C6′-S1′ 1.80502
C7-C8 1.40218 C7′-C8′ 1.42303
C8-C9 1.39395 C8′-C9′ 1.37409
S1-C9 1.75922 S1′-C9′ 1.79440
C9-C10 1.41723 C9′-C10′ 1.46857
C10-N1 1.30903 C10′-N1′ 1.27878
N1-C11 1.44019 N1′-C11′ 1.37785
C11-C12 1.39640 C11′-C12′ 1.41038
C12-C13 1.40451 C12′-C13′ 1.38970
C13-C16 1.39251 C13′-C16′ 1.40912
C11-C14 1.40642 C11′-C14′ 1.41427
C14-C15 1.40185 C14′-C15′ 1.42512
C15-C16 1.41026 C15′-C16′ 1.38499
C15-N2 1.38870 C15′-N2′ 1.43247
N2-C17 1.27802 N2′-C17′ 1.31627
C17-C18 1.48828 C17′-C18′ 1.40972
C18-S2 1.78533 C18′-S2′ 1.75903
C18-C19 1.37287 C18′-C19′ 1.39911
C19-C20 1.42486 C19′-C20′ 1.39690
C20-C21 1.37495 C20′-C21′ 1.39669
S2-C21 1.78017 S2′-C21′ 1.75919
C21-C22 1.40513 C21′-C22′ 1.39778
C22-C23 1.22401 C22′-C23′ 1.22084
C23-C24 1.42425 C23′-C24′ 1.41973
C24-C25 1.41129 C24′-C25′ 1.41229
C24-C26 1.41258 C24′-C26′ 1.41232
N1-Zn1 1.98962 S1′-Zn2 2.40675
Zn1-O1 2.01367 Zn2-O3 2.00445
Zn1-O2 2.01418 Zn2-N2′ 1.99121
ANGLE m-ZnPDT ANGLE m-ZnPDT
C6-S1-C9 91.50628 C6′-S1′-C9′ 92.36433
C4-C5-C6 178.39556 C4′-C5′-C6′ 176.19523
C9-C10-N1 127.20977 C9′-C10′-N1′ 133.11961
C10-N1-C11 121.37813 C10′-N1′-C11′ 125.48684
C15-N2-C17 126.38251 C15′-N2′-C17′ 122.13497
N2-C17-C18 133.58092 N2′-C17′-C18′ 126.67908
C18-S2-C21 92.97866 C18′-S2′-C21′ 91.15672
C22-C23-C24 174.32403 C22′-C23′-C24′ 176.68674
C10-N1-Zn1 176.68674 S1′-Zn2-N2′ 132.89784
C11-N1-Zn1 91.95766 S1′-Zn2-O3 110.41066
N1-Zn1-O1 121.11266 N2′-Zn2-O3 116.31018
N1-Zn1-O2 105.11015 —— —–

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Scheme of electronic traffic through a sensitized material

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Angles and dipolar moment associated to lineal Molecule (LMWOM (1))

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Moment dipolar associated to macrocycles with different spacers a). o-PDT, b). m-PDT and c). p-PDT.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7

Donor- Acceptor capacity for macrocycles studied in relationship with Oxygen Reactive Species capacity, which these compounds in can degrade in outdoors conditions.

Table 4.

Graphic comparison between the electronic excitations corresponding to the previously published molecule and the new synthesized molecule not analyzed.

graphic file with name fx1.gif

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8

IR spectrum of Synthetized molecule as potential photovoltaic materials derivate of diethynylphenylthiophene (BT)

Fig. 9.

Fig. 9

Mass spectrum m/z for the new molecule derivated of diethynylphenylthiophene (BT)

Table 5.

Review on Porphyrins used as photosensitized material. [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]

graphic file with name fx2a.gif
graphic file with name fx2b.gif

Table 6.

Metal-free used as photosensitized material. [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]

graphic file with name fx3.gif

(–): It is nor mentioned in the article

Mass spectrum m/z for the new molecule derivated of diethynylphenylthiophene

2. Experimental design and methods

The density functional theory (DFT) approximation as implemented in Gaussian 09, was used for all calculations that were carried out using the B3LYP functional and the 6-31g (2d,p) basis set. Full geometry optimization without symmetry constraints were carried out for all the stationary points. Harmonic frequency analysis allowed us to verify the optimized minima. The local minima were identified when the number of imaginary frequencies is equal to zero. Theoretically, the intensity of the band is expressed in terms of the oscillator strengths (f). Stationary points were modeled in the gas phase (vacuum). The analysis of the changes in electron density for a given electronic transition was based on the electron density difference maps (EDDMs) constructed using the GaussSum suite of programs. The Donor- aceptor capacity is relationshiped to TiO2, •OH, •OOH, and PD spectators. The photo-induced excitations of sunlight occur in the donor material. These excitons disseminate the scope of a donor / acceptor interface, where the transfer of electrons to the acceptor takes place. The Fig. 7 allows to reader understad the donate photogenerated electrons to diatomic oxygen to form the superoxide radical anion that can degrades the structure. The scheme of electronic traffic through a sensitized material is builded for understanding the electronic properties between Donor- Acceptor, which will allow stablish the capacity of the molecule in function of the HOMO- LUMO levels. Finally, the IR and Mass- spectrum were collected in the Spectrophometric Agilent Cary 630 FTIR with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) and GC- MS Perkin Elmer Clarus 600 T- INTEC.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgments

The authors of the paper thank to Universidad Santiago de Cali, Grants DGI- 63661.

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