Table 1.

NDV as an effective vaccine vector in various animal species.

Host	Disease	Immunogen	NDV Backbone	Type of Immunity	Reference
Monkeys	Severe acute respiratory syndrome	SARS-CoV S	Beaudette C	SARS-CoV S-specific CD8+ T cells	[49]
Camel	Middle east respiratory syndrome	MERS-CoV S	LaSota	Neutralizing antibodies	[50]
Cattle	Rift valley fever	RVFV Gn	LaSota	Neutralizing antibodies	[51]
Cattle	Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis	BHV-1 gD	LaSota	Neutralizing IgG and IgA	[52]
Cattle	Bovine ephemeral fever	BEFV G	Lasota	Neutralizing antibodies	[53]
Chicken	Infectious bronchitis	IBV S1 or full S	Lasota	CD4+ and CD8+ cells; Neutralizing antibodies	[42,54]
Chicken	Infectious laryngotracheitis	ILTV gD	Lasota	Neutralizing antibodies	[55]
Chicken	Highly pathogenic avian influenza	H5, H7, H9	Lasota	Neutralizing antibodies	[56,57]
Chicken	Infectious bursal disease	IBDV VP2	Lasota	-	[58]
Dogs and cats	Rabies	RV G	Lasota	Neutralizing antibodies	[59]
Goose	Gosling plaque	VP3 of goose parvovirus	NA-1	Neutralizing antibodies	[60]
Guinea pigs	Acquired immune deficiency syndrome	HIV gp160	Lasota	Neutralizing antibodies	[61]
Horse	West Nile fever	WNV PrM/E	Lasota	CD4+ and CD8+ cells; Neutralizing IgG	[62]
Mice	Acute pneumonia	RSV F	Hitchner B1	CD8+ cells	[63]
Mice	Nipah encephalitis	Nipah virus G and F	Lasota	T and B cells; Neutralizing antibodies	[64]
Mice	Vesicular stomatitis	VSV G	LaSota	Neutralizing antibodies	[65]
Mice	Viral gastroenteritis	NV VP1	LaSota and Beaudette C	CD8+ cells; Neutralizing antibodies	[66]
Minks	Canine distemper	CDV F and HN	LaSota	Neutralizing antibodies	[67]
Monkey	Ebola	EBOV GP	Beaudette C	CD8+ cells: virus specific IgA, and IgG	[68,69]
Pigs	Nipah encephalitis	Nipah virus G and F	LaSota	T and B cells; Neutralizing antibodies	[64]
Monkeys	Parainfluenza	HPIV3 HN	Beaudette C	Neutralizing antibodies	[70]
Turkey	Turkeys rhinotracheitis	F and G of AMPV type CG of AMPV type A and B	LaSota	Neutralizing antibodies	[48,71]