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. 2020 Apr 21;8(4):603. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8040603

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Relative gene transcription levels of (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-1β and (C) IL-8 in HT-29 and HCEC-1CT cells (calibrator was IL-1β-treated solvent control, which was set to 1). Cells were preincubated with the fungal metabolites (DON, NX-3, AURO and their combinations) for 2 h followed by a 3 h IL-1β challenge (25 ng/mL). Relative transcript levels were measured with qRT-PCR. Data are expressed as mean values ± SD normalized to IL-1β-treated solvent control samples of at least five independent experiments. One percent DMSO and 1% water (LC–MS grade) served as solvent control. Significant differences between the two cell lines, calculated with two-sample t-test, are indicated with * (p < 0.05), ** (p < 0.01) and *** (p < 0.001).