Table 3.
Overview of drug-eluting stents.
| Stent (Manufacturer) | Type/Generation | Drug | Material (Bulk/Polymer) | FDA | Trials | Drug-Eluting Time | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CYPHERTM (Cordis) | SES/First | Sirolimus | Stainless steel/Parylene C | 2003 | FIM (First-In Man), RAVEL, SIRIUS, E-SIRIUS, C-SIRIUS |
80% of sirolimus elutes over ~30 days; remainder released by end of 90 days | [163,169,195] |
| Taxus® (Boston Scientific) | PES/First | Paclitaxel | Stainless steel or platinum-chromium/TransluteTM polymer | 2004 | TAXUS I-VI, TAXUS ATLAS, PERSEUS |
elutes over ~90 days | [163,169,195,196] |
| Endeavor® (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN) | ZES/Second | Zotarolimus | cobalt-chromium/phosphorylcholine | 2008 | ENDEAVOR I–IV | 80% during first 10 days | [195,197] |
| XienceTM V (Abbott Laboratories) | EES/Second | Everolimus | L-605 Co-Cr/Poly (vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) |
2008 | SPIRIT I-IV (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials I-IV) | 80% during first 30 days | [195,197] |
| Axxion (Biosensors International) | PF-DES | Paclitaxel | 316L SS | - | - | 40–50% in the first week 100% after 4 weeks |
[198] |
| Achieve (Cook Inc.) | PF-DES | Paclitaxel | 316L SS | - | 8 months DELIVER (DELiverability of the Resolute Integrity Stent in All-Comer Vessels and Cross-OvER Stenting) Clinical Trial | 28% within 4 days 69% within 2 weeks |
[198,199] |
| Amazonia PAX (MINVASYS) |
PF-DES | Paclitaxel | L605 Co-Cr | - | Pax A and Pax B Clinical Study Design | 60% within 48 h, 100% within 7 weeks |
[198,199] |
| Biofreedom (Biosensors International) |
PF-DES | Biolimus A9 | 316L SS | - | BioFreedom FIM | 98% of drug within 4 weeks | [195,198] |
| Polymer-free DFS (Medtronic) | PF-DES | Sirolimus | Co-Cr, Tantalum | - | Medtronic RevElution Trial | N/A | [8,198] |
| Cre8 (Alvimedica) | PF-DES | Amphilimus | L605 Co-Cr | - | Clinical performance of CRE8 drug-eluting stent in all comer population (PARTICIPATE) (phase 4) |
50% of drug on 1st day 100% within 3 weeks |
[8,198] |
| JANUS (Sorin Biomedica) | PF-DES | Tacrolimus | 316L SS | - | JUPITER I, JUPITER II | 50% over 4 weeks | [195,198] |
| NANO + (LEPU Medical) | PF-DES | Sirolimus | 316L SS | - | Clinical performance of nano plus sirolimus-eluting stents in patients with coronary artery disease | 85% in 4 weeks | [8,198,199] |
| Supra-G (Cook Inc.) |
PF-DES | Paclitaxel | 316L SS | 6 months ASPECT (Asian Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent Clinical Trial) | N/A | [198,199] | |
| VEST Async (MIV Therapeutics) | PF-DES | Sirolimus | 316L SS | - | 9 months Vest Saync II Clinical Trial | 100% in 3–4 weeks | [198,199] |
| V-Flex Plus (Cook Inc) |
PF-DES | Paclitaxel | 316L SS | - | 6 months Clinical Trial | 28% within 4 days 69% within 2 weeks |
[198,199] |
| YUKON (Translumina GmbH) | PF-DES | Sirolimus, Probucol | 316L SS | ISAR-TEST, ISAR-TEST 3, ISAR-TEST 4, ISAR-PEACE (Posthumous Evaluation of Advanced Cancer Environment | 66% in 2 weeks 100% over 3 weeks |
[195,198] | |
| YINYI (Liaoning Biomedical Materials) |
PF-DES | Paclitaxel | 316L SS | Safety and Efficacy Registry of Yinyi Stent (SERY-II) (SERY-II) | 42% in 24 h 100% in 9 weeks |
[8,198] |
SES - Sirolimus eluting stent, PES - Paclitaxel eluting stent, ZES - Zotarolimus eluting stent, EES – Everolimus eluting stent, 316L SS – 316L Stainless steel, L605 Co-Cr – L605 Cobalt-chromium, PF – Polymer free.