Figure 3.

2012 risk-standardized PR rates, by HRR PR program density. Note: A total of 306 HRRs were divided into tertiles on the basis of PR program density; HRRs were then excluded, with less than 2.5% black Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries. Risk-standardized rates are adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity burden, admissions during prior year, current tobacco use, and Medicaid dual eligibility. Program density is the number of PR programs divided by 1,000 Medicare FFS beneficiaries older than age 65 per HRR: Low was defined as 0 to 0.047 providers/1,000 Medicare FFS beneficiaries; moderate as 0.048 to 0.088; and high as 0.088 to 0.280. See Figure 1 legend for expansion of abbreviations.