1Institut of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
2Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
3Department Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
4Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
5Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig- Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
6Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical, Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
7Research Group Microbial Interactions and Processes, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
8Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, University hospital Jena, Germany
9Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
10Department of Gynecology, Gyneoncology and Senology, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen, Germany
11Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Community hospital Wolfenbüttel, Germany
12Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Braunschweig, Germany
13Section for Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University hospital Halle (Saale), Germany
14Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Dritter Orden, Munich-Nymphenburg, Germany
15Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Diaconical Hospital DIAKO Ev., Bremen, Germany
16Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital St. Joseph Stift Bremen, Germany
17Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Braunschweig, Germany
18Department of Neonatology, Children and Youth Hospital AUF DER BULT, Hanover, Germany
19Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital St. Elisabeth und St. Barbara, Halle (Saale), Germany
20Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
21Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Bremen-Nord, Bremen, Germany
22Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Wolfsburg, Germany
23Department of Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, DIAKOVERE Henriettenstift Hanover, Germany
24University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Halle (Saale), Germany
25Department of Obstetrics, Dr. Geisenhofer Women’s Clinic, Munich, Germany
26Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
✉Corresponding author. Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany. E-mail: rafael.mikolajczyk@uk-halle.de
#Cornelia Gottschick and Heike Raupach-Rosin authors contributed equally to this work.