Table 3.
Univariable OR (95% CI) | p value | Multivariable OR (95% CI) | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics and clinical characteristics | |||||
Age, years* | 1·14 (1·09–1·18) | <0·0001 | 1·10 (1·03–1·17) | 0·0043 | |
Female sex (vs male) | 0·61 (0·31–1·20) | 0·15 | .. | .. | |
Current smoker (vs non-smoker) | 2·23 (0·65–7·63) | 0·20 | .. | .. | |
Comorbidity present (vs not present) | |||||
Chronic obstructive lung disease | 5·40 (0·96–30·40) | 0·056 | .. | .. | |
Coronary heart disease | 21·40 (4·64–98·76) | <0·0001 | 2·14 (0·26–17·79) | 0·48 | |
Diabetes | 2·85 (1·35–6·05) | 0·0062 | .. | .. | |
Hypertension | 3·05 (1·57–5·92) | 0·0010 | .. | .. | |
Respiratory rate, breaths per min | |||||
≤24 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
>24 | 8·89 (4·34–18·19) | <0·0001 | .. | .. | |
SOFA score | 6·14 (3·48–10·85) | <0·0001 | 5·65 (2·61–12·23) | <0·0001 | |
qSOFA score | 12·00 (5·06–28·43) | <0·0001 | .. | .. | |
Laboratory findings | |||||
White blood cell count, × 109 per L | |||||
<4 | 0·73 (0·26–2·10) | 0·56 | .. | .. | |
4–10 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
>10 | 6·60 (3·02–14·41) | <0·0001 | .. | .. | |
Lymphocyte count, × 109 per L* | 0·02 (0·01–0·08) | <0·0001 | 0·19 (0·02–1·62) | 0·13 | |
ALT, U/L | |||||
≤40 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
>40 | 2·87 (1·48–5·57) | 0·0018 | .. | .. | |
Creatinine, μmol/L | |||||
≤133 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
>133 | 4·39 (1·01–19·06) | 0·048 | .. | .. | |
Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | |||||
≤245 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
>245 | 45·43 (6·10–338·44) | 0·0002 | .. | .. | |
Creatine kinase, U/L | |||||
≤185 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
>185 | 2·56 (1·03–6·36) | 0·043 | .. | .. | |
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, pg/mL | |||||
≤28 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
>28 | 80·07 (10·34–620·36) | <0·0001 | .. | .. | |
D-dimer, μg/mL | |||||
≤0·5 | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. | |
> 0·5 | 1·96 (0·52–7·43) | 0·32 | 2·14 (0·21–21·39) | 0·52 | |
> 1 | 20·04 (6·52–61·56) | <0·0001 | 18·42 (2·64–128·55) | 0·0033 | |
Prothrombin time, s | |||||
<16 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
≥16 | 4·62 (1·29–16·50) | 0·019 | .. | .. | |
Serum ferritin, μg/L | |||||
≤300 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
>300 | 9·10 (2·04–40·58) | 0·0038 | .. | .. | |
IL-6, pg/mL* | 1·12 (1·03–1·23) | 0·0080 | .. | .. | |
Procalcitonin, ng/mL* | 13·75 (1·81–104·40) | 0·011 | .. | .. |
OR=odds ratio. SOFA=Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. qSOFA=Quick SOFA. ALT=alanine aminotransferase. IL-6=interleukin-6.
Per 1 unit increase.