Table 3.

Differences in satiety, palatability and bowel function among patients consuming different types of biscuits.

	Lupin Skinnybik™ (n = 19)	Spelt Skinnybik™ (n = 19)	Marie Arnott’s™ (n = 18)
Satiety	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p-Value †
Hunger (“How hungry do you feel?”)
Before Breakfast
Not at all/somewhat	13 (68.1)	15 (78.9)	13 (72.2)	0.745
Neutral	3 (15.8)	3 (15.8)	4 (22.2)
Mostly	3 (15.8)	1 (5.3)	1 (5.6)
Before Lunch
Not at all/somewhat	15 (78.9)	11 (57.9)	15 (83.3)	0.444
Neutral	3 (15.8)	5 (26.3)	2 (11.1)
Mostly	1 (5.2)	3 (15.8)	1 (5.6)
Before Dinner
Not at all/somewhat	15 (78.9)	15 (78.9)	13 (72.2)	0.249
Neutral	2 (10.5)	4 (21.0)	5 (27.8)
Mostly	2 (10.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Fullness (“How full do you feel?”)
Before Breakfast
Not at all/somewhat	9 (47.4)	12 (63.2)	9 (50.0)	0.451
Neutral	6 (31.6)	4 (21.1)	8 (44.4)
Mostly	4 (21.1)	3 (15.8)	1 (5.6)
Before Lunch
Not at all/somewhat	11 (57.9)	10 (52.6)	8 (44.4)	0.155
Neutral	3 (15.8)	7 (36.8)	9 (50.0)
Mostly	5 (26.3)	2 (10.5)	1 (5.6)
Before Dinner
Not at all/somewhat	10 (52.6)	10 (52.6)	9 (50)	0.018
Neutral	2 (10.5)	8 (42.1)	8 (44.4)
Mostly	7 (36.8)	1 (5.3)	1 (5.6)
Visual appeal of biscuits
Good	5 (26.3)	3 (15.8)	14 (77.8)	0.001
Neutral	14 (73.7)	15 (78.9)	4 (22.2)
Bad	0 (0.0)	1 (5.3)	0 (0.0)
Palatability of biscuits
Good	4 (21.1)	0 (0.0)	15 (83.3)	0.001
Neutral	13 (68.4)	19 (100.0)	3 (16.7)
Bad	2 (10.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Bowel Function (Based on Bristol Stool Chart)
Constipation	5 (26.3)	3 (15)	3 (15.8)	0.777
Normal	14 (73.7)	15 (78.9)	15 (78.9)
Loose Bowels	0 (0.0)	1 (5.3)	1 (5.3)

^†p-values were derived from chi-square tests.