Table 3.
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause mortality according to quintiles of diet quality index scores and dietary total antioxidant capacity (mg VCE/day).
| Quintile (Median, Range) |
n of Deaths/n | Person-Years | All-Cause Mortality | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 1 | Model 2 2 | Model 3 3 | |||
| HEI-2015 | |||||
| Q1 (34.5, 12.7–40.3) | 1507/4759 | 72,190.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (43.9, 39.6–47.9) | 1474/4760 | 72,415.5 | 0.81 (0.74–0.90) | 0.82 (0.74–0.91) | 0.87 (0.78–0.97) |
| Q3 (50.9, 47.0–54.9) | 1596/4759 | 70,543.8 | 0.82 (0.73–0.91) | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | 0.92 (0.82–1.03) |
| Q4 (58.1, 53.9–63.8) | 1698/4760 | 70,431.9 | 0.80 (0.72–0.90) | 0.85 (0.76–0.97) | 0.93 (0.82–1.06) |
| Q5 (69.3, 62.0–99.99) | 1831/4759 | 68,750.0 | 0.70 (0.63–0.78) | 0.76 (0.68–0.85) | 0.87 (0.77–0.98) |
| p for trend 4 | <0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.1178 | ||
| p for trend 5 | <0.0001 | 0.0005 | 0.1529 | ||
| AHEI-2010 | |||||
| Q1 (21.0, 1.8–27.1) | 1436/4759 | 73,429.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (29.7, 24.9–34.5) | 1589/4762 | 71,136.1 | 0.86 (0.78–0.94) | 0.86 (0.77–0.95) | 0.90 (0.81–1.01) |
| Q3 (36.5, 31.9–41.5) | 1665/4757 | 70,485.7 | 0.79 (0.71–0.89) | 0.81 (0.72–0.90) | 0.88 (0.79–0.97) |
| Q4 (43.9, 38.7–49.6) | 1727/4760 | 68,953.6 | 0.81 (0.72–0.90) | 0.81 (0.73–0.91) | 0.89 (0.80–1.00) |
| Q5 (54.5, 47.1–89.5) | 1689/4759 | 70,327.0 | 0.71 (0.63–0.80) | 0.76 (0.67–0.86) | 0.84 (0.74–0.94) |
| p for trend 4 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0082 | ||
| p for trend 5 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0085 | ||
| aMED | |||||
| Q1 (1, 0–1) | 1055/3028 | 45,844.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (2, 2–2) | 1652/4658 | 68,945.8 | 0.87 (0.77–0.99) | 0.88 (0.76–1.01) | 0.92 (0.79–1.06) |
| Q3 (3, 3–3) | 2074/5947 | 87,805.8 | 0.77 (0.68–0.87) | 0.79 (0.69–0.91) | 0.86 (0.75–0.99) |
| Q4 (4, 4–4) | 1713/5107 | 75,947.4 | 0.66 (0.58–0.76) | 0.68 (0.59–0.79) | 0.78 (0.67–0.89) |
| Q5 (5, 5–9) | 1612/5057 | 75,788.6 | 0.63 (0.55–0.73) | 0.68 (0.59–0.79) | 0.79 (0.69–0.90) |
| p for trend 4 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| DASH | |||||
| Q1 (15, 8–17) | 1186/4556 | 72,214.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (19, 18–20) | 1620/5048 | 76,403.8 | 0.79 (0.71–0.89) | 0.81 (0.73–0.90) | 0.87 (0.78–0.96) |
| Q3 (22, 21–23) | 1495/4689 | 66,929.1 | 0.65 (0.57–0.73) | 0.67 (0.59–0.76) | 0.75 (0.66–0.86) |
| Q4 (24, 23–26) | 1899/4844 | 70,141.8 | 0.66 (0.58–0.75) | 0.70 (0.62–0.80) | 0.81 (0.71–0.92) |
| Q5 (28, 26–40) | 1906/4660 | 68,642.6 | 0.61 (0.54–0.70) | 0.68 (0.59–0.77) | 0.80 (0.70–0.92) |
| p for trend 4 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0074 | ||
| p for trend 5 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0123 | ||
| Energy-adjusted TAC | |||||
| Q1 (50.5, 0.3–90.5) | 1545/4759 | 71,411.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (122.3, 81.0–171.3) | 1555/4760 | 71,676.4 | 0.86 (0.79–0.94) | 0.87 (0.79–0.95) | 0.91 (0.83–0.999) |
| Q3 (221.4, 164.4–296.6) | 1673/4759 | 70,364.3 | 0.76 (0.70–0.84) | 0.80 (0.73–0.88) | 0.88 (0.80–0.97) |
| Q4 (403.8, 292.2–645.3) | 1681/4760 | 70,331.8 | 0.71 (0.64–0.78) | 0.76 (0.69–0.84) | 0.85 (0.78–0.94) |
| Q5 (1201.4, 636.3–6163.1) | 1652/4759 | 70,547.7 | 0.75 (0.68–0.82) | 0.79 (0.71–0.88) | 0.88 (0.79–0.98) |
| p for trend 4 | 0.0007 | 0.0132 | 0.2553 | ||
| p for trend 5 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0293 | ||
AHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010; aMED, alternate Mediterranean Diet; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; HEI-2015, Healthy Eating Index-2015; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; VCE, vitamin C equivalents. 1 Adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and total energy intake. 2 Additionally adjusted for poverty-income ratio, marital status, physical activity, history of cardiovascular diseases, history of diabetes, and history of hypertension. 3 Additionally adjusted for smoking status. 4 p for trend was estimated using the median value of each quintile. 5 p for trend was estimated using quintiles as continuous variables.