Table 6.
Diet pattern factor loadings and mean intake (g/day) of pattern components by quintile of pattern scores.
| Component | Loading | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p, Trend | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | ||||
| Urban Pattern | Alcohol | −5.9 | 8.56 | 1.55 | 4.95 | 1.54 | 4.04 | 1.55 | 3.68 | 1.52 | 5.54 | 1.55 | 0.00 |
| Cruciferous vegetables | 62.4 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 5.6 | 0.8 | 7.5 | 0.8 | 12.2 | 0.8 | 20.4 | 0.8 | 0.00 | |
| Dairy products (excl. milk) | −13.6 | 69.8 | 6.8 | 49.9 | 6.8 | 57.1 | 6.8 | 44.6 | 6.8 | 35.1 | 6.8 | 0.01 | |
| Juice and SSBs | 39.5 | 22.4 | 11.7 | 44.6 | 11.7 | 57.4 | 11.8 | 86.7 | 11.6 | 162.1 | 11.7 | 0.00 | |
| Liquid oils | 65.8 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 4.0 | 0.3 | 5.8 | 0.3 | 8.4 | 0.3 | 0.00 | |
| Milk (excl. airag) | −15.2 | 168.8 | 17.4 | 170.9 | 17.4 | 147.5 | 17.5 | 111.9 | 17.1 | 93.8 | 17.5 | 0.01 | |
| Noncruciferous vegetables | 56.5 | 15.4 | 3.1 | 23.4 | 3.1 | 34.3 | 3.1 | 47.2 | 3.0 | 74.2 | 3.1 | 0.00 | |
| Processed meat | 20.4 | 0.7 | 2.4 | 5.0 | 2.4 | 5.2 | 2.4 | 7.1 | 2.4 | 17.5 | 2.4 | 0.00 | |
| Red meat | 59.7 | 178.7 | 12.0 | 232.5 | 12.0 | 315.4 | 12.0 | 348.1 | 11.9 | 441.2 | 12.0 | 0.00 | |
| Refined grains | 61.6 | 248.1 | 14.1 | 324.5 | 14.1 | 396.3 | 14.2 | 455.9 | 13.9 | 574.4 | 14.2 | 0.00 | |
| Sweets | 2.3 | 16.2 | 2.5 | 20.5 | 2.5 | 19.1 | 2.5 | 19.3 | 2.5 | 16.3 | 2.5 | 0.53 | |
| Total fruit | 10.1 | 17.0 | 4.4 | 17.4 | 4.4 | 27.1 | 4.4 | 29.2 | 4.4 | 25.0 | 4.4 | 0.00 | |
| White roots and tubers | 72.9 | 23.5 | 2.9 | 36.4 | 2.9 | 51.8 | 2.9 | 67.7 | 2.9 | 103.0 | 2.9 | 0.00 | |
| Transitional Pattern | Alcohol | −30.3 | 14.76 | 1.47 | 3.85 | 1.47 | 3.95 | 1.47 | 2.19 | 1.47 | 2.03 | 1.48 | 0.00 |
| Cruciferous vegetables | 13.3 | 7.9 | 1.0 | 7.5 | 1.0 | 10.3 | 1.0 | 11.3 | 1.0 | 11.7 | 1.0 | 0.00 | |
| Dairy products (excl. milk) | 48.2 | 10.9 | 5.9 | 21.6 | 5.9 | 36.5 | 5.9 | 67.3 | 5.9 | 120.6 | 5.9 | 0.00 | |
| Juice and SSBs | 16.7 | 30.7 | 12.2 | 53.3 | 12.2 | 68.4 | 12.2 | 108.2 | 12.2 | 112.4 | 12.3 | 0.00 | |
| Liquid oils | 8.4 | 4.4 | 0.4 | 4.4 | 0.4 | 4.4 | 0.4 | 4.5 | 0.4 | 4.7 | 0.4 | 0.21 | |
| Milk (excl. airag) | 1.4 | 114.2 | 17.3 | 122.1 | 17.3 | 171.0 | 17.3 | 148.3 | 17.4 | 136.8 | 17.6 | 0.00 | |
| Noncruciferous vegetables | −11.2 | 53.9 | 3.5 | 37.1 | 3.5 | 34.1 | 3.5 | 36.0 | 3.5 | 33.3 | 3.5 | 0.00 | |
| Processed meat | −14.9 | 14.4 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 6.5 | 2.4 | 5.7 | 2.4 | 5.4 | 2.5 | 0.02 | |
| Red meat | −27.9 | 431.5 | 13.2 | 304.6 | 13.2 | 259.2 | 13.2 | 276.5 | 13.2 | 244.3 | 13.2 | 0.00 | |
| Refined grains | 1.5 | 428.0 | 17.2 | 394.0 | 17.3 | 380.6 | 17.2 | 400.1 | 17.3 | 396.3 | 17.4 | 0.24 | |
| Sweets | 73.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 5.4 | 2.0 | 12.9 | 2.0 | 22.3 | 2.0 | 46.6 | 2.0 | 0.00 | |
| Total fruit | 62.5 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 6.3 | 3.6 | 10.3 | 3.6 | 21.8 | 3.6 | 74.5 | 3.7 | 0.00 | |
| White roots and tubers | 2.2 | 55.9 | 3.9 | 53.8 | 3.9 | 57.9 | 3.9 | 56.8 | 3.9 | 58.0 | 3.9 | 0.17 | |
| Nomadic Pattern | Alcohol | −10.1 | 10.46 | 1.54 | 5.22 | 1.52 | 5.16 | 1.52 | 3.89 | 1.52 | 2.04 | 1.56 | 0.00 |
| Cruciferous vegetables | −6.0 | 12.1 | 1.0 | 9.4 | 1.0 | 9.2 | 1.0 | 7.9 | 1.0 | 10.1 | 1.0 | 0.68 | |
| Dairy products (excl. milk) | 38.7 | 25.3 | 6.4 | 29.5 | 6.4 | 42.3 | 6.4 | 59.6 | 6.4 | 99.9 | 6.4 | 0.00 | |
| Juice and SSBs | −35.8 | 186.5 | 11.4 | 77.1 | 11.3 | 52.1 | 11.3 | 30.2 | 11.3 | 27.2 | 11.5 | 0.00 | |
| Liquid oils | 19.8 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 4.1 | 0.4 | 5.3 | 0.4 | 6.2 | 0.4 | 0.00 | |
| Milk (excl. airag) | 71.4 | 56.0 | 15.8 | 81.1 | 15.7 | 108.0 | 15.6 | 154.8 | 15.6 | 295.4 | 16.0 | 0.00 | |
| Noncruciferous vegetables | −7.4 | 42.8 | 3.6 | 46.9 | 3.6 | 34.3 | 3.6 | 32.3 | 3.6 | 38.2 | 3.6 | 0.69 | |
| Processed meat | −37.4 | 24.0 | 2.3 | 4.9 | 2.3 | 3.7 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 0.00 | |
| Red meat | 29.7 | 224.6 | 13.7 | 259.1 | 13.6 | 310.1 | 13.6 | 323.8 | 13.6 | 397.7 | 13.8 | 0.00 | |
| Refined grains | 32.4 | 317.6 | 15.9 | 341.3 | 15.8 | 395.2 | 15.8 | 408.8 | 15.8 | 536.7 | 16.1 | 0.00 | |
| Sweets | 3.5 | 17.8 | 2.5 | 23.1 | 2.5 | 14.4 | 2.5 | 15.5 | 2.5 | 20.8 | 2.5 | 0.08 | |
| Total fruit | −29.8 | 49.3 | 4.2 | 29.5 | 4.2 | 19.9 | 4.2 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 8.1 | 4.2 | 0.00 | |
| White roots and tubers | −3.6 | 58.3 | 3.9 | 58.0 | 3.9 | 54.4 | 3.9 | 51.3 | 3.9 | 60.5 | 3.9 | 0.06 | |
Urban, Transitional, and Nomadic diet patterns account for 20.5%, 10.9%, and 9.8% of variation in intake of pattern components, respectively (total: 41.1%). Factor loadings are generated using annualized average intakes for 334 participants (based on 1834 diet record days); used to calculate season-specific patterns scores for each participant; and seasonal pattern scores are scaled from 0–100. Mean intakes of pattern components within quintiles are also calculated based on annualized averages, and are adjusted for a random intercept per person to account for within-person correlation across seasons. Shading is proportional to magnitude and direction of factor loading (blue: −37.4%, yellow: 0%, red: 73.0%). Bold type indicates p < 0.5.