Table 1.

Microbes produce various metabolites that influence multiple biological functions.

Biological Process			Microbial Species	Reference
Carbohydrate metabolism
Parent carbohydrate		Metabolite	Most gut organisms Eubacterium hallii Roseburia Coprococcus catus Megasphera elsdenii Veillonella spp Ruminococcus obeum Bacteroidetes Eubacterium rectale Eubacterium hallii Roseburia spp Coprococcus spp Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Methanobrevibacter smithii Desulfovibrio spp	[159,161,163,168] [22]
Polysaccharides Oligosaccharides Resistant starch Mucins		Acetate Propionate Butyrate Lactate CH4 H2S
Fat metabolism			Eubacterium siraeum Roseburia faecis Roseburia intestinalis F. prausnitzii Bifidobacterium Propionibacterium Lactobacillus spp Bifidobacterium breve Propionibacterium freudenreichii Roseburia inulinivorans Roseburia hominis Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens Clostridia Peptostreptococci Peptococci	[27]
Linoleic acid Conjugated lineloic acids
Stearic acid
Fatty acids Short chain fatty acids(SCFA) Branched chain fatty acid(BCFA) (Isobutyrate from valine; 2-methylbutyrate from isoleucine; Isovalerate from leucine)
Protein metabolism			Akkermansia Bifidobacterium	[166,172]
Bile metabolism		Cholic acid Chenodeoxycholic acid Deoxycholic acid Lithocholic acid Ursodeoxycholic acid	Bacteroides Bifidobacterium Clostridium Lactobacillus Listeria Clostridium Eubacterium Bacteroides Clostridium Egghertella Peptostreptococcus Ruminococcus Eubacterium	[170]
Vitamin synthesis		Biotin Cobalamin Folate Nicotinic acid Panthothenic acid Pyridoxine Riboflavin Thiamine	Bacteroidetes (Most important) Fusobacteria Proteobacteria Firmicutes Actinobacteria	[165,166]
Phytochemical metabolism
Phytochemical Flavonoids Lignans Ferulic acid Isofllavones Caretenoids Glucosinolates Isothiocyanates Stilbens Organosulfur compounds	Process Deglycosylation Ring fission Dehydroxylation		Clostridium spp. Eubacterium ramulus Lactobacillus mucosae Enterococcus faecium Finegoldia magna Veillonella sp Slakia isoflavoniconvertens Slakia equolifaciens Adlercreutzia equolifaciens	[166,171,173]
Antibiotics			Staphylococcus lugdunensis Pantoea agglomerans P. Vagans Clostridium sp.	[172,173]
Lugdunin Herbicolin I Andrimid Polykitide synthase
Bacteriocins			Lactococcus lactis Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens Pedicoccus acidilactici Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus acidophillus Enterococcus faecium Lactobacillus helveticus Enterococcus sp. Lactobacillus plantarum	[85,174,175]
Nicin Lacticin 3147 Butyrivibriocin Pediocin Sakacin A Lactacin F Lactococcin G Enterolysin Helvecticin I Enterocin I F4-9 Glycocin F