Table 3.

Major differences of gut microbiota at the phylum level for different groups

Phylum/group	WC‐vs.‐SC	WW‐vs.‐SW	SW‐vs.‐SC	WC‐vs.‐WW
Acidobacteria	—	**	—	—
Spirochaetes	—	**	—	**
Planctomycetes	—	**	—	**
Verrucomicrobia	**	—	*	—
Deferribacteres	**	**	**	—
Thermus	—	**	**	—
Actinobacteria	**	**	—	*
Armatimonadetes	*	**	—	—
Thaumarchaeota	—	*	—	—
Chloroflexi	**	—	**	—
Firmicutes	**	—	*	**
Melainabacteria	—	—	**	**
Fusobacteria	**	—	—	—
Cyanobacteria	—	**	**	—
Synergistetes	—	**	**	**
Bacteroidetes	**	**	—	**
Tenericutes	**	**	—	**
Kiritimatiellaeota	**	**	**	—
Gemmatimonadetes	**	—	—	**
Fibrobacteres	**	**	—	**
Elusimicrobia	**	*	—	**
Lentisphaerae	**	**	*	**
Chlamydiae	**	—	—	—
Gracilibacteria	**	**	—	—
Proteobacteria	—	—	—	**

Abbreviations: SC, summer captive group; SW, summer wild group; WC, winter captive group; WW, winter wild group.

^* p < .01.

^** p < .001.